1、Period ThreeGrammar & Writing一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态一、被动语态的构成英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。被动语态的基本构成是“be过去分词”。二、使用被动语态的情况1.动作的承受者是谈话的中心，强调或突出动作的承受者时。Li Ming was elected chairman of the meeting.李明被选为会议的主席。2.只知道动作的承受者或没有必要说出动作的执行者时。 Paper was first made in China.纸最早是在中国制造的。三、一般现在时和
2、一般过去时的被动语态1.一般现在时的被动语态的基本结构是：动作的承受者am/is/are过去分词(by动作的执行者)。I am often told to be careful by my mother.妈妈经常告诉我要小心。2.一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构是：动作的承受者was/were过去分词(by动作的执行者)。The boy was hit by a car yesterday.这个男孩昨天被车撞了。The chairs were repaired yesterday morning.这些椅子昨天上午修过了。四、不用被动语态的情况1.某些实义动词(sell，wash，write，we
3、ar等)的主动形式后跟副词(well，badly，easily等)表示被动意义，这种“动词副词”结构常表示事物内部特有的属性。The book sells well.这本书销路好。The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.父亲作为生日礼物送给我的钢笔写起来很流畅。2.对系动词而言，如：feel，taste，sound，become，seem等，一般用其主动形式表示被动意义。这种食品尝起来美味可口。正The food tastes delicious.误The food is tasted delicious.3.表
4、示状态的动词，如：lack，fit，mean，hold，have，contain，resemble等，不用于被动语态。简长得像莉莲。正Jane resembles Lilian.误Lilian is resembled by Jane.4.不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如die，disappear，end(vi.结束)，fail，happen，lie，sit，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silence，take place等没有被动语态。The war broke out in 1986.那场战争爆发于1986年。即时跟踪1(1)用所给动词的正确形式
5、填空Why did you leave that position?I was offered(offer) a better position at IBM.More than a dozen students in that school were sent(send) abroad to study foreign language last year.Linda，make sure the tables are set(set) before the guests arrive.A piano concert was given(give) in Jinan last Saturday
6、.Once harm is done(do) to the nervous system of people，it can hardly be recovered.(2)句型转换The teacher told the children a story.The children were told a story by the teacher.Different cooks in different parts of China cook dishes in different ways.Dishes are cooked in different ways by different cook
7、s in different parts of China.They watched the children sing that morning.The children were watched to sing that morning.The city is visited by about 20,000 tourists every day.About 20,000 tourists visit the city every day.The students are made to do a lot of homework.Teachers make the students do a
8、 lot of homework.主谓一致一个句子的谓语动词在人称和数上与主语必须一致。本模块出现的是集合名词、代词(neither，none，each)作主语时与谓语动词一致的情况。下面就它们的用法进行讲解。1.一些集合名词，如：family，team，class，band，committee，government，group，public等用作主语时，若视为整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；若视为个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。特别提示：集合名词cattle，people，police作主语时，谓语常用复数。记忆秘诀：牛群爱人民警察。People are working hard in the fi
9、eld.人们在地里辛勤地劳作着。The police are searching for the escaped prisoners.警察正在搜寻逃跑的罪犯。2.当两个主语由or，either.or.，neither.nor.或not only.but also.等连接时，谓语动词要与最后的主语一致，即我们常说的“就近原则”。Li Ming，or you，are going to meet the foreign guests at the airport.李明或者你将去机场接外国朋友。Neither the Smiths nor their son supports the plan.史密斯
10、夫妇和他们的儿子都不赞成这个计划。特别提示：(1)both.and.连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。Both you and I are interested in football.我和你都对足球感兴趣。(2)由as well as，along with，together with，in addition to，including，rather than，except，besides等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数取决于该词之前的主语。The students as well as their English teacher have attended the meeting.学生和他们的英语
11、老师都参加了这次会议。A woman，together with some girls，is coming up to us.一位妇女和一些女孩正朝我们走过来。3.代词either和neither常作单数看待，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Either of the books is written by my mother.这两本书中的一本是我妈妈写的。Neither of you is fit for the job.你们两个都不适合这份工作。4.代词none常被视为复数，但有时也用作单数。作主语时，谓语动词既可用复数形式也可用单数形式。None of them have/has yet t
12、urned up at the party.他们都没在晚会上出现。None of the money is left.没剩下钱。5.each在意义上属于单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student in our class works hard.我们班里的每个学生都学习刻苦。Each of the women workers works as long as 12 hours every day.每名女工每天都工作长达12个小时。即时跟踪2(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空None of us have/has(have) a car.Cattle are drinking(drink
13、) at the pool over there.His family is very big and all of his family are fond of sports.(be)Each citizen over 18 years old in our country has(have) the right to vote.Jack as well as his parents likes(like) music.(2)单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)Mike is the only one of the boys who been to China.Three months passe
14、d since I came to the school.Physics considered difficult by most of the students.The basketball coach，as well as his team， interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.Water is important to us so the United States launched campaigns to save water.用所给词的正确形式填空1.I was allowed(
15、allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.(2016全国)2.The giant panda is loved(love) by people throughout the world.(2016四川)3.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be) often acceptable.(2016全国)4.Recent studies(study) show that we are far more productive at work i
16、f we take short breaks regularly.(2016全国)5.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were(be) too violent for use at the table.(2016全国)6.Did you enjoy the party?Yes.We were treated(treat) well by our hosts.(2015北京)7.To my delight，I was chosen(choose) from hundreds of applicants t
17、o attend the opening ceremony.(2015福建)8.It is important to remember that success is(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes(take) years to achieve.(2015湖南)9.Unless extra money is found(find)，the theatre will close.(2014大纲全国)10.All we need is(be) a small piece of land where we can pl
18、ant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2014湖南)11.Tai Chi is called(call) “shadow boxing” in English.(2014辽宁)12.If nothing is done(do)，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.(2013湖南)13.A Midsummer Nights Dream opens (open) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June，and th
19、en tours throughout Scotland.(2013重庆)14.The famous musician，as well as his students，was invited(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.(2013福建).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are for cooking.(2016全国，短文改错)2. He wo
20、uld ask who we and pretend not to know us.(2016浙江)3.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(2015全国，短文改错)4.My dream school like a big garden.(2014新课标全国，短文改错)5.Suddenly the arrows flying down at us from the skythey looked like rain！(2014陕西，短文改错)6.
21、Today，I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm off.(2014四川，短文改错)7.The understanding between two friends both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.(2014大纲全国，短文改错)文体指导介绍某一地方就是对该地区的大致状况进行描述，向人们展示该地区的地貌特征、风土人情、历史文化等。写此类文章应注意以下几点：1.一般应包括该地区的位置、面积、人口、历史、气候、特产等。但是一定要抓住该地区的主要
22、特色，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。2.要遵循一定的写作顺序。描述该地区的位置时，首先找好中心点，再由近及远，也可以先总体后局部，或者按照一定的时间或空间来写。3.此类文章常用一般现在时。4.口头介绍类的文章一般都口语化比较明显，而且要有称呼和开头语、结束语。写作时要把题目要求和提示内容相结合，不要遗漏要点。连句成文时需注意使用过渡衔接词以使行文连贯。常用句式1.表示“位置”的句型：“某地is/lies地点状语” 某地位于The big city lies on the coast.这座大城市坐落在海边 。2.表示“人口状况”的句型：(1)“某地has a large/small popula
23、tion”某地人口众多/稀少(2)“某地has a population of数词”某地有人口(3)“The population of地名is数词”某地有人口3.表示“历史背景”的句型：(1)“某地has a long history of.years”某地有年的历史(2)“某地is a.place/country with.history”某地是具有年历史的地方/国家4.表示“风景名胜”的句型：(1)There are many places of interest，such as.这儿有许多名胜，比如(2)某地has many places of interest，among which
24、 is.某地有许多名胜，其中就有(3)某地is famous/wellknown as.某地作为而闻名写作任务某外商考察组一行来你们工厂考察投资环境，你负责接待。请你按以下提示写一个工厂口头介绍。历史15年位置位于长江北岸，靠近京广线，水陆交通便利规模有200多名工人，占地4.5平方公里产品女性服装市场全国各地、东南亚地区评价发展迅速，前景广阔，是投资的明智选择参考词汇：投资 invest注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。审题谋篇第一步明确要求该写作属于介绍说明类作文，写作过程中要注意内容的齐全性，同时恰当地使用连接词承前启后，做到连贯。语言的使用上可长短句相互融合，
25、准确严谨地表达所要求的内容。写作以第一人称为主，时态以一般现在时为主。第二步确定段落根据所给信息，本文可运用四段式：Para.1：开头语；Para.2：对工厂的历史、位置介绍；Para.3：工厂经营状况的介绍；Para.4：结束语。第三步词汇热身1.拥有15年的历史have a history of 15 years/with a history of 15 years2.位于lie/stand/be situated/located3.水陆交通便利be convenient by water and by railway4.全国各地all over/throughout/across the
26、 country5.发展迅速develop rapidly/have a rapid development6.前景广阔have a bright future第四步句式升级1.我们厂已有15年的历史。(一般表达)Our factory has a history of 15 years.(句式升级)Our factory is a factory with a history of 15 years.2.我们工厂有200多名工人，他们主要生产女装。(一般表达)Our factory has over 200 workers，and they mainly produce womens clo
27、thing.(句式升级)Our factory has over 200 workers，who mainly produce womens clothing.3.产品质优，畅销全国各地及东南亚地区。(一般表达)We produce good products and we sell them in China and some Southeast Asian areas.(句式升级)The products are of high quality and are sold everywhere in China and some Southeast Asian areas.4.我们的工厂发展
28、迅速，前景广阔。(一般表达)Our factory develops rapidly and has a bright future.(句式升级)We believe our factory has been developing rapidly and has a bright future.连句成篇Good morning，ladies and gentlemen.Welcome to our factory.First of all，Id like to give you a brief introduction to our factory.Our factory has a hist
29、ory of 15 years and it lies on the northern bank of the Changjiang River and on the railway line from Beijing to Guangzhou.The transportation is very convenient both by water and by railway.Covering an area of 4.5 square kilometers，our factory has over 200 workers，who mainly produce womens clothing.
30、The products are of high quality and are sold everywhere in China and some Southeast Asian areas.We believe our factory has been developing rapidly and has a bright future.Its a wise choice to invest here.So much for the introduction.Now let me show you around the factory.单元语法A)用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Plannin
31、g so far ahead makes(make) no senseso many things will have changed by next year.2.The water felt(feel) cool when I jumped into the pool in the morning.3.In the spoken English of some areas in the US，the “r” sounds at the end of the words are dropped(drop).4.This coastal area was named(name) nationa
32、l wildlife reserve last year.5.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who wears(wear) evening dress.B)单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)6.Not only Mr.Brown but also his two sons going to attend the TV program tonight.7.Many a student realized the importance of mastering a foreign language so fa
33、r.8.Early to bed and early to rise a man healthy，happy and wise.9.Threefourths of the bread eaten by Bob.10.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which saved for other purposes.阅读理解AItaly is one of the most exciting and romantic vacation destinations in the entire world.There
34、are so many attractions to see in Italy that you need a good two weeks to see a great amount of beauty and culture.Guided tours provide the biggest advantage of having a native who knows the area，the language and the customs and can keep you out of trouble by avoiding any regrettable mistake.One of
35、the great attractions in Italy is its capital，Rome.In Rome you will find the famous Colosseum.This giant ancient ruin towers above you and you just want to stand there and stare at it.This fourstory building once held 45,000 people on its marble seats outdoors，where they would sit and watch poor pri
36、soners being fed to animals and gladiators(角斗士) fighting to death.Another beautiful city in Italy is Venice.The streets are all made of water and if you want to go anywhere，you must travel by boat.Venice specializes in jewelry made from shells and it is also home to thousands of pigeons; in the town
37、 square they look like a great white and black carpet，only moving just as they are about to be kicked by your feet.One of Italys treasures that should not be missed is Sorrento.Unlike Venice，home to the finest craftsmen of glass blowing(吹制玻璃) in the world，Sorrento is home to the most skilled workmen
38、 of wood inlay(装饰) in the world.With many bars，outside cafs and discos.Sorrento is a lovely place to spend a few days on our journey through Italy.There are also many grand churches，state buildings，monuments and fountains to be seen and a guided tour can ensure that you see them all.Italy is so rich
39、 with culture and history that it really is the perfect place for a vacation.It wont disappoint you!11.From the passage，we can learn that the Colosseum used to be .A.an openair marketB.a tower which held prisonersC.an openair building used for entertainmentsD.a church where important events took pla
40、ce答案C解析推理判断题。由文章第二段第四句可知，在这个有着石椅的四层建筑里，曾容纳过45 000人，在那里人们坐在户外，观看可怜的囚犯成为动物的口中餐，观看角斗士们一决雌雄。由此可推断出，the Colosseum应该是个露天竞技场。12.For visitors，life in Sorrento can be described as .A.entertaining B.boringC.simple D.unsafe答案A解析推理判断题。由文章第四段的“With many bars，outside cafs and discos.Sorrento is a lovely place to
41、spend a few days on our journey through Italy.”可知，在Sorrento的生活对于游客来说是“使人愉快的，有趣的”。13.What is the safest way to make your first visit to Italy enjoyable?A.Finding out its most famous attractions.B.Taking a tour led by a local tour guide.C.Spending two weeks visiting the country.D.Learning about its cu
42、stoms before the trip.答案B解析细节理解题。由文章第一段中的“Guided tours provide the biggest advantage of having a native.”及最后一段的“.a guided tour can ensure that you see them all.”可知，对于初次到意大利旅行的人来说，最好的办法是由当地导游带领参观游览。BAbout ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way.Women are luckier; only about o
43、ne in two hundred is affected in this matter.Perhaps，after all，it is safer to be driven by a woman!There are different forms of color blindness.In some cases，a man may not be able to see deep red.He may think that red，orange and yellow are all shadows of green.Sometimes a person cannot tell the diff
44、erence between blue and green.In rare cases，an unlucky man may see everything in shades of greena strange world indeed.Color blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain.In a single eye there are millions of very small things called “cones(圆锥细胞)”.These help us to see in a bright light and
45、 to tell difference between colors.There are also millions of “rods(杆状细胞)”，but these are used for seeing when it is near dark.They show us shapes but no colors.Some insects have favorite colors.Mosquitoes(蚊子) prefer blue to yellow.A red light will not attract insects，but a blue lamp will.In a simila
46、r way human beings also have favorite colors.Yet we are lucky.With the aid of the cones in our eyes we can see many beautiful colors by day，and with the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night.One day we may even learn more about the invisible colors around us.14.The passage is mainly about .A.co
47、lor and its surprising effectsB.women being luckier than menC.danger caused by color blindnessD.color blindness答案D解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是“色盲”，介绍了色盲形成的原因，并说明了昆虫对颜色的偏好。故D项正确。15.According to the passage，with the help of the “cones”，we can .A.tell different shapesB.see in a weak lightC.kill mosquitoesD.tell or
48、ange from yellow答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的第二、三两句“In a single eye there are millions of very small things called cones.These help us to see in a bright light and to tell difference between colors.”可知，cones可帮助我们辨别颜色。故D项正确。16.Which of the statements about the colorblind is TRUE?A.Not all of them have the same
49、problem in recognizing color.B.None of them can see deep red.C.None of them can tell the difference between blue and green.D.All of them see everything in shades of green.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，色盲分为很多不同的种类，并不是每个人都有同样的色盲问题，故A项正确。.语法填空In 1271，Marco Polo left Italy,17.where he was born，and travelled acro
50、ss Europe and Asia with his father.Then they arrived in Beijing and 18.were welcomed(welcome) by Kublai Khan.19.Although/Though he was very young，he could speak four languages.Therefore，Marco left a deep 20.impression(impress) on the Emperor.In 21.turn，Marco was amazed by the 22.beauty(beautiful) an
51、d the power China had.At that time，there were many inventions and developments in China，which were not available in Europe.After he served in the court for 17 years，Marco 23.returned(return) to Italy. 24.Unluckily(luck)，he was caught by the enemy during a local war and put into prison.In 25.the pris
52、on，after listening to Marcos stories about China，another prisoner wrote them in a book called The Description of the World,26.which became one of the bestselling books in Europe.短文改错One day I was in the back yard teaching my little nephew how to play football.He said that play football was something
53、 easier.His words immediately bring back memories of my childhood.As a little boy，I told my uncle I wanted to become football star like him.However，he taught me how to kick the ball.After some practice，I told him it was hardly for me to kick the ball the way he kicked them.He talked to me about not
54、giving up on how I really wanted to do.Thank to his guidance and encouragement，and Ive become a football star in my school.答案One day I was in the back yard teaching my little nephew how to play football.He said that football was something .His words immediately back memories of my childhood.As a lit
55、tle boy，I told my uncle I wanted to become football star like him.，he taught me how to kick the ball.After some practice，I told him it was for me to kick the ball the way he kicked .He talked to me about not giving up on I really wanted to do. to his guidance and encouragement，and Ive become a footb
56、all star in my school.书面表达假定你是一名导游，你将接待一个外国旅游团。请你拟订一份100词左右的英文导游词向这些外国游客介绍青岛。要点如下：1.青岛市位于山东半岛南端，面积11 282平方千米，总人口900多万；2.青岛三面环海，大海是青岛的魅力所在；3.古代名人如李白、蒲松龄、康有为等的足迹遍布青岛，留下了华美的诗文；4.青岛是一座现代化城市，现代化的工厂和楼房林立。参考词汇：半岛peninsula参考范文Ladies and gentlemen，Welcome to our city.Id like to tell you something about our c
57、ity，Qingdao，which lies in the south of Shandong Peninsula.It covers an area of 11,282 square kilometers and has a population of more than 9,000,000.When you come here，you will be attracted by the sea，which holds Qingdao in its arms.It is a beautiful worldfamous city.Many ancient celebrities，such as Li Bai，Pu Songling，Kang Youwei，traveled to many of the places in Qingdao and had written beautiful poems and essays about their experiences.Besides，Qingdao is also a modern international city.It has many modern factories and tall buildings.Im sure you will have a good time here.Thank you.