1、2014高考英语阅读理解二轮精英训练精品题（16）及答案【2012江西省九江市】Yao Ming landed in the USin the summer of 2002, 7 - feet, 6 - inches worth of fancy footwork（花式步伐）, armed with a soft shooting touchHe was the top player selected by the Houston Rockets, whose new activities place would soon be promoted by ToyotaThe Japanese c
2、armaker had just opened a new plant in China, and the company expects that Yao fans would soon become Corolla fansFor many Americans, Yao was their understanding to the Chinese economic engineHe was a government project, brought up from a young age in order to show the new China to the worldChina fu
3、lfilled its promise; since those unforgettable days of 2002, through the Beijing Olympics and beyond, the country has stayed on its path towards superpower figureYao, sadly, fell shortAccording to an early report from Yahoo! Sports, which was confirmed by several other news organizations, Yao is goi
4、ng to retireHe just couldnt conquer the injuriesA broken bone in his left foot absenced Yao after just five games last seasonA broken foot forced him to miss all of the 2009 -2010 seasonIn fact, due to foot and knee injuries, Yao played in more than 55 games just once over the past six seasonsPrior
5、to Yao, players over 74 were usually one - skill personManute Bol, at 77 , blocked shots and, during one stretch, acted as a shamed three-pointerShawn Bradley, 76 , had skills, but was far too gentle to be a starYao, however, could do it allAt his top, in 2006 - 2007, he averaged 25 points per gameH
6、is turnaround jumper was unstoppableHis post -passes were usually on the money（It helps when you can see over everyone） Yao, who played in just eight seasons, finished his career averaging 190 points, and 92 rebounds, per gameHis Rockets never advanced further than the second round of the playoffs（季
7、后赛）Whatever on - court milestones Yaos body never allowed him to achieve, he more than made up for off the courtYao was so much more than a basketball playerTo the Chinese public who admired him, he was a symbol of his home countrys possibilityYao carried the Chinese flag at the Olympic opening cere
8、monies, soaking in the love of his country61Toyota s purpose of supporting Yao is to _Alet Yaoming make money Badvertise their cars widelyCorganize their basketball team Dlet Yaoming drive their cars to games62When did China keep on its development to some large countries?ASince 2000 BIn 2006 CIn 20
9、07 DIn 201063What can I know in the fourth paragraph?AManute Bol has integrated skills BYaoming has integrated skillsCShawn Bradley has integrated skillsDShawn Bradley acted as a shamed three pointer.64What can we infer from the fifth paragraph?AYaoming didnt achieve any life goals BYaoming is only
10、a good basketball playerCPeople see the strength of China from YaoDYaoming always holds flags in the game65Which one of the following stating orders is right?aThe Japanese carmaker supported YaomingbYao missed many games due to foot and knee injuries,cYao held the Chinese flag at the Olympic opening
11、dYao Ming went to the USfor the first timeAc,a,b,d Bd,b,c,a Cc,b,d,a Dd,a,c,b【参考答案】BABCDPassage Twenty-eight (Chemistry and Biology)About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist Arrhenius proposed a low of classical chemistry that relates chemical reaction rate to temperature. According to his
12、 equation, chemical reactions are increasingly unlikely to occur as temperature approaches absolute zero, and at absolute zero, reactions stop. However, recent experiment evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occu
13、rs at relatively high temperature, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum-mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chemical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classical chemistry. Specifically, entire molecules can tunnel through the barriers of
14、 repulsive forces from other molecules and chemically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, to overcome the repulsive barrier.The rate of any chemical reaction, regardless of the temperature at which it takes place, usually depends on a ve
15、ry important characteristic known as its activation energy. Any molecule can be imagined to reside at the bottom of a so-called potential well of energy. S chemical reaction corresponds to the transition of a molecule from the bottom of one potential well to the bottom of another. In classical chemi
16、stry, such a transition can be accomplished only by going over the potential barrier between the well, the height of which remain constant and is called the activation energy of the reaction. In tunneling, the reacting molecules tunnel from the bottom of one to the bottom of another well without hav
17、ing to rise over the barrier between the two wells. Recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.This tunneling phenome
18、non at very low temperatures suggested my hypothesis about a cold prehistory of life: formation of rather complex organic molecules in the deep cold of outer space, where temperatures usually reach only a few degrees Kelvin. Cosmic rays might trigger the synthesis of simple molecules, such as inters
19、tellar formaldehyde, in dark clouds of interstellar dust. Afterward complex organic molecules would be formed, slowly but surely, by means of tunneling. After I offered my hupothesis, Hoyle and Wickramashinghe argued that molecules of interstellar formaldehyde have indeed evolved into stable polysac
20、charides such as cellulose and starch. Their conclusions, although strongly disputed, have generated excitement among investigators such as myself who are proposing that the galactic clouds are the places where the prebiological evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred.1. The author is main
21、ly concerned with A. describing how the principles of classical chemistry were developed. initiating a debate about the kinds of chemical reaction required for the development of life.C. explaining how current research in chemistry may be related to broader biological concerns.D. clarifying inherent
22、 ambiguities in the laws of classical chemistry.2. In which of the following ways are the mentioned chemical reactions and tunneling reactions alike?A. In both, reacting molecules have to rise over the barrier between the two wells. In both types of reactions, a transition is made from the bottom of
23、 one potential well to the bottom of another.C. In both types of reactions, reacting molecules are able to go through the barrier between the two wells.D. In neither type of reaction does the rate of a chemical reaction depend on its activation energy.3. The authors attitude toward the theory of a c
24、old prehistory of life can best be described asA. neutral. . skeptical.C. mildly positive. D. very supportive.4. Which of the following best describes the hypothesis of Hoyle and Wickramasinghe?A. Molecules of interstellar formaldehyde can evolve into complex organic molecules. Interstellar formalde
25、hyde can be synthesized by tunneling.C. Cosmic rays can directly synthesize complex organic molecules.D. The galactic clouds are the places where prebilogical evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred.Vocabulary1. Arrhenius equation 阿雷尼厄斯方程式2. Arrhennius (Svante August) 18591927 瑞典理化学家。1903年
26、获诺贝尔化 学奖3. quantum-mechanical effect 量子机械效应4. quantum mechanic 量子力学5. tunnel 挖隧道。这里指贯穿势垒6. tunnel through, onto 穿到进到，贯穿7. repulsive 排斥8. activation energy 活化能量9. formaldehyde 甲醛10. polysaccharide 多糖醇，聚合酶11. cellulose 纤维素12. starch 淀粉13. galactic 银河的，巨大的14. come into play 开始活动/起作用难句译注1. However, rece
27、nt experiment evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occurs at relatively high temperature, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum-mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for ch
28、emical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classical chemistry.2. Specifically, entire molecules can tunnel through the barriers of repulsive forces from other molecules and chemically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, to
29、 overcome the repulsive barrier.3. Recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.写作方法与文章大意 文章论述了“贯穿势垒效应”，采用对比手法。先是经典化学定理
30、和贯穿势垒效应之比较。说明两者使用的温度界限不同。低温时贯穿势垒效应作用取代经典力学。最后贯穿势垒现象和生活领域之关系。答案祥解1. C. 说明现在化学研究如何能和更广泛的生物学领域有关。最后一段基本上都是谈与生化的关系。“极低温时的贯穿势垒现象证明我对寒冷的史前生命的假说：在外层空间极其寒冷处，温度一般只有K的几度光景，有相当复杂的有机分子形成。宇宙射线可能激发诸如星际甲醛单分子在星际尘埃的乌云中综合。以后，复杂的有机分子，慢慢的，但稳定的通过贯穿势垒的方式形成。”后又有两位化学家提出“星际甲醛分子确实进化为类似纤维素和淀粉等多糖酶。”他们的结论虽有争议，却实在令人振奋，特别是文章之作者，因
31、为他正提出“巨大的云块这些地方，发生过生命所必须的前生物进化化合物。”A. 描述经典化学定理如何发展。 B. 开展一场有关生命进化所需的那种化学反应的辩论。 C. 搞清楚经典化学定理所固有的模糊点。2. B. 两类反应中，都有一个从一个势阱底部到另一个势阱底部的跃迁。见第二段第三句起“化学反应跟分子从一个势阱的底部到另一个势阱的底部的跃迁相类似。在经典化学中，这种跃迁只有跨过两阱之间势垒才能完成。位垒之高度为常数（固定不变）。这种跃迁叫做能量活化。在贯穿势垒效应中作反应的分子从一个势阱的底部通到另一个势阱底部不需要上升跨越两阱之间的位垒。”A. 两类反应中，反应中的分子都需跨越两阱间的栏栅。
32、C. 两类反应中，反应中的分子都能穿过两阱之间的位垒。 D. 两类反应中，没有一种化学反应的速率取决于能量活化。 这三项都不对， 见上文。3. C. 有点肯定。 见第1题答案注释译文。因为证实了作者之假设。A. 中立。 B. 怀疑的。 D. 非常支持。4. A. 星际甲醛分子可以进化到复杂的有机分子。见第1题C答案注释译文。B. 星际甲醛分子可以通过贯穿势垒方式加以综合。 C. 宇宙射线可以直接综合复杂的有机分子。 D. 大块云团是生命所需复合物前生物进化发生的地方。这三项也可从第1题C答案注译译文看出其错误点。【2012江西省九江市】CTODAY, Friday, November 12JA
33、ZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby ArmsUpper Richmond Road West, SheenDISCO Satin Sounds DiscoFree at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High St, from 8amto 8pmTel: 682158SATURDAY, November 13JAZZ Lysis at The Bull s Head, BamesAdmission 60pMUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Roa
34、d, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall companyGood food and entertainment fair priceTel: 789749FAMILY night out? Join the sing-along at The Black HorseSheen Road, RichmondJAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bull s Head, BarnesAdmission 80pTHE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you
35、Joe on the electric accordion （手风琴）Tel: 7894536SUNDAY, November 14DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 amto 8 pmFOLK MUSIC at The Derby ArmsThe Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop TrioNon -remembers 70pTel: 688626HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bu
36、ll, Upper Richmond Road West, East SheenTHE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion66Where and when can you hear the Norman Chop Trio?AAt the Bull s Head on Sunday BAt the Derby Arms on SundayCAt the Bull on Saturday DAt the Black Horse on Saturday67Where and whe
37、n can you hear the Mike Thomas Jazz Band?AAt the Derby Arms on Friday BAt the Black Horse on FridayCAt the Star and Garter on Saturday DAt the Derby Arms on Sunday68Which telephone number do you have to dial if you want to enjoy the electric accordion on Saturday?A789749 B688626C682158 D789453669Whe
38、re should you go if you want to spend the Saturday by joining the entertainment with your family?ADisco at The Lord Napier BThe sing - along at The Black HorseCThe electric accordion at The Derby Arms DJazz at The Bulls Head,70Which of the following is your best choice if you want to spend the same
39、day at two different places and dont want to cross any street?AThe sing-along at the Black Horse and Jazz at The Bull s Head BThe sing - along at The Black Horse and Folk Music at The Derby ArmsCFolk Music at The Derby Arms and Heavy Music with Tony Simon at The BullDMusical Hal lat The Star &Garter and Disco at The Lord Napier【参考答案】BADBC