1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家2014高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练精品题（28）及答案【2014高考英语广东省华侨中学四模】DA team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally,
2、the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.“Its extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineeri
3、ng professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop th
4、em all on our own,” he said.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well
5、to everything its connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.While this first robotic flyer is linked t
6、o a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.Wood says the des
7、ign offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would
8、be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”41. The robotic fly project has been conducted _. A. just by accidentB. within a decadeC. just
9、by a professorD. for more than ten years42. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that _. A. they had no model in their mindB. they did not have sufficient time C. they had no ready-made componentsD. they could not assemble the components43. It can be inferre
10、d from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly _. A. consists of a flight device and a control system B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time C. can collect information from many sources D. has been put into wide application44. Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A.
11、The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects. B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments. C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly. D. Woods design can replace animals in some experiments.45. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Father of R
12、obotic FlyB. Inspiration from Engineering Science C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life InsectD. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study【参考答案】41-45. DCBDCPassage 4 Development of a widely accepted chronology for the arrival of humans has been equally difficult, and it was only with the development of opt
13、ically stimulated luminescence dating that a human presence in Australia was confirmed at 53,000 to 60,000 years ago. Older dates for a human presence in Australia have now been shown to be erroneous . The importance of Australia as a separate natural laboratory in which to test extinction theories
14、lies in the fact that humans arrived there much earlier than they arrived in the other continental areas (the Americas and northern Eurasia) that experienced substantial megafaunal extinction. What Miller et al. have shown is that the extinction of Genyornis occurred simultaneously across southeaste
15、rn Australia (indeed probably right across the continent) about 50,000 years ago. This is very close to the presently accepted time of arrival of humans in Australia. It was also a period of modest climate change, well before the dramatic climatic fluctuations of the terminal Pleistocene. The data o
16、f Miller et al., therefore, support those who see human hunting rather than climate as causing the extinction of the megafauna. Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100 kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary. It was an inhabitant of Australias inland plains and so
17、me coastal regions, but its legs were relatively short and thick, suggestion that it was a slower runner than the emu. Proponents of humancaused extinction suggest that it is just such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting. A new school of thought has recently establish
18、ed itself in the extinction debate. It advocates the idea that a combination of human impact and climate change was responsible for the extinction of the worlds megafauna. The new Genyornis data also weaken that argument, for the following reason. Fifty thousand years ago, Australia was experiencing
19、 mild cooling; 11,000 to 12,000 years ago, the Americas were experiencing rapid warming. These disparate climatic conditions, all coincident with megafaunal extinction, suggest that whatever was happening with climate, it was bad for the big animals. Under these conditions, the hybrid model becomes
20、indistinguishable from the humancaused extinction model for the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction. 66. The last word “megafauna” in Paragraph 2 most probably means A birds. B plants. C big animals. D small animals. 67. G
21、enyornis was vulnerable to human hunting because it was A a delicacy. B very weak. C very small in size. D clumsy. 68. How many models have been put forward for the extinction of Genyoris? A One. B Two. C Three. D Four. 69. That Australia experienced mild cooling and the Americas rapid warming sugge
22、sts that A the climatic conditions were unfit for Genyornis to live. B Genyornis were highly adaptable to different climatic conditions. C The two climatic conditions were both bad for Genyornis. D The climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris. 70. The selection is mainly
23、 about A the debate over the time of the human presence in Australia. B the relationship between the human presence and magafaunal extinction. C the relationship between human activities and climatic changes. D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction.Passage 466. 【正确答案】 C big animals.
24、【本题考点】 词语释义题。 【试题精解】 考生如果有一定的构词法知识一眼就可看出该题的答案。 “mega”在英文中指 “big”；fauna指 “animals” ，显然C 为正确答案。考生如果没有这方面的知识，也可以利用上下文来判断。作者在提到megafauna后紧接着提到了Genyornis,在第三段开始对其进行了描述： “Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary.” 足见其大。 【考点出处】 第二段末句
25、，但对该词的推断却应联系上下文。67. 【正确答案】 D clumsy. 【本题考点】 细节判断题。 【试题精解】 第三段中指出 “it is such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting” “such characteristics” 指的是其 “heavy, short and thick”, 即 “clumsy”。 【考点出处】 根据第三段第二句可知它的腿短而粗，跑得慢，D 项clumsy“笨拙的”与句意一致。68. 【正确答案】 C Three. 【本题考点】 细节判断题。 【试题精解】
26、 文中共提到了三种：（1）Human hunting;（2）Climate;（3）Human impact and climate change。 【考点出处】 第二、三、四段中。69. 【正确答案】 D The climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris. 【本题考点】 推理暗示题。 【试题精解】 澳大利亚经历了 “mild cooling”, 美洲经历了 “rapid warming”, 而两个地方都出现了Genyornis的灭绝，说明气候对其灭绝并未产生什么影响。在文中最后一段作者也指出 “t
27、he influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction.” 【考点出处】 第二段和第四段。70. 【正确答案】 D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction. 【本题考点】 主旨大意题。 【试题精解】 本文重点介绍了造成“magafaunal extinction”的三种原因，所以D 为正确答案。 【考点出处】 考察对全文的理解能力，实际上从第三题的做答
28、中我们就可得出解答该题的部分相关信息。核心词汇 1.chronologyn.年代学 2.luminescencen.发光 3.erroneousa.错误的 同义 false, incorrect, inexact 4.megafaunan.巨型动物 5.fluctuationn.变化 同义 oscillation, rolling 6.ponderousa.笨重的 同义 heavy, weighty, massive, bulky 7.cassowaryn.食火鸡全文精译 澳洲古代巨鸟灭绝探因 要创建人类是何时到来的、且为人们所广为接受的年代表同样也是困难的。并且只有在光学模拟发光测定年代的方
29、法发展起来后，人们才确定53，000年到60，000年前澳洲有了人类，现在已证明更久远的年代是错误的。 之所以把澳洲称为试验种族灭绝理论的天然实验室，其重要性在于（lie in）：人类到达这儿的年代要远远先于到达经历过巨型动物灭亡的其他大陆（如欧洲和欧亚大陆北部）的年代。Miller等人向我们说明，“巨鸟”于50，000年前在澳洲南部同时灭绝，这和人们普遍接受的人类到达澳洲大陆的时间相当接近。这也是气候温和的时期，随后很久才发生了更新世晚期灭绝性的气候剧变。Miller的资料支撑了认为人类捕猎而非气候变化是巨兽灭绝的原因的观点。 “巨鸟”是远古时期一种巨型鸟类，重约80到100公斤，是鸸鹋和食
30、火鸡的两倍重。它是澳洲内陆和沿海地区的动物，但它的腿相对短而粗，证明它不如鸸鹋跑得快。坚持人类导致这种鸟灭绝的人说，它们的这种特性使它们很容易受到（be vulnerable to .）捕杀。 在这一“灭绝争论”中，新的学派又建立了。他们赞成人类及气候因素结合导致（be responsible for .）了世界范围巨型动物的灭绝的观点。新的巨鸟资料也削弱了这种争论，原因如下：50，000年前，澳洲气候逐渐变冷；11，000到12，000年前，美洲气温迅速上升。这些完全相异的气候条件正好与巨鸟灭绝时期相吻合（be coincident with）。这说明，无论气候怎样变化，巨型动物还是难逃厄运
31、。在这种情况下（under these conditions），这种结合两种说法的观点就变得与人类导致其灭绝的观点难以区别了。因为在他们看来，气候影响是那么微弱，只有人类的到来才预示了巨型动物的灭绝。阅读理解-A Tim Richter and his wife, Linda, had taught for over 30 years near Buffalo, New York-he in computers, she in special education. Teaching means everything to us, Tim would say. In April1998, he
32、learned he would need a heart operation. It was the kind of news that leads to some serious thinking about lifes purpose. Not long after the surgery, Tim saw a brochure describing Imagination Library, a program started by Dolly Parton s foundation (基金会) that mailed a book every month to children fro
33、m birth to age five in the singers home town of Sevier, Tennessee. “I thought, maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire, Tim recalls. He placed the brochure on his desk, as a reminder. Five years later, now retired and with that brochure still on the desk, Tim clicked on imagina
34、tion library .com. The program had been opened up to partners who could take advantage of book and postage discounts.The quality of the books was of great concern to the Richter. Rather than sign up online, they went to Dolly wood for a look-see. “We didnt want to give the children rubbish,” says Li
35、nda. The books-reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists and Dolly wood board members-included classics such as Ezra Jack Keatss The Snowy Day and newer books like Anna Dewdneys Llama Llama series. Satisfied, the couple set up the Richter Family Foundation and got to work. Since 2004, the
36、y have shipped more than 12,200 books to preschoolers in their in their area. Megan Williams, a mother of four, is more than appreciative: “This program introduces us to books Ive never heard of.” The Richter spend about 400 a month sending books to 200 children. “Some people sit there and wait to d
37、ie,” says Tim. “Others get as busy as they can in the time they have left.”( ) 1.What led Tim to think seriously about the meaning of life?A. His health problem. B. His love for teaching.C. The influence of his wife. D. The news from the Web.( ) 2.What did Tim want to do after learning about Imagina
38、tion Library?A. Give out brochures. B. Do something similar.C. Write books for children D. Retire from being a teacher.( ) 3.According to the text, Dolly Parton is .A. a well-known surgeon B. a mother of a four-year-oldC. a singer born in Tennessee D .a computer programmer( ) 4.Why did the Richter g
39、o to Dolly wood?A. To avoid signing up online.B. To meet Dolly wood board members.C. To make sure the books were the newest.D. To see if the books were of good quality.( ) 5.What can we learn from Tims words in the last paragraph?A. He needs more money to help the children.B. He wonders why some peo
40、ple are so busy.C. He tries to save those waiting to die.D. He considers his efforts worthwhile.【文章大意】文章通过介绍Richter夫妇从接触一个名为Imagination Library的项目到成立自己的基金会的历程并找到生活的真正价值61.答案A。细节理解题。由文章第1段的he learned he would need a heart operation. It was the kind of news that leads to some serious thinking about li
41、fes purpose.可知答案。阅读理解-A People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across
42、a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions, Jack said. Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.
43、 According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The resea
44、rchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. T
45、hey compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. The cultural difference in eye movements that they s
46、how is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions, Jack said. Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less. In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion
47、. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.( ) 1. The discovery shows th
48、at Westerners . A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B. consider facial expressions universally reliable C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions ( ) 2. What were the people asked to do in the study?A. To make a face at
49、 each other. B. To get their faces impressive.C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers faces. ( ) 3. What does the underlined word they in Paragraph 6 refer to?A. The participants in the study.B. The researchers of the study.C. The errors made during the study. D. The data co
50、llected from the study. ( ) 4. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to .A. do translation more successfullyB. study the mouth more frequentlyC. examine the eyes more attentivelyD. read facial expressions more correctly( ) 5. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The Eye as t
51、he Window to the SoulB. Cultural Differences in Reading EmotionsC. Effective Methods to Develop Social SkillsD. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。66. 答案：A考点：细节理解题解析：根据第三段 “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas
52、Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.” 可以得出答案67. 答案：C考点：细节理解题解析：根据第五段 “by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or
53、neutral.”可以判断选C68. 答案：A考点：词义猜测解析：根据定语从句 “that they show”所修饰的 eye movements 在研究中为the participants 所作（从the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可知）可判断选A69. 答案：C考点：细节理解题解析：根据第六段 “It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners.”可判断选C70. 答案：B考点：主旨大意题解析：文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此判断最佳标题应为B- 11 - 版权所有高考资源网
