1、课时作业.阅读理解(2019北京高考)By the end of the century, if not sooner, the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organis
2、ms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the oc
3、eans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the
4、 oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that project
5、s changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a wa
6、rming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds be
7、gin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean
8、significant changes. “Itll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的
9、海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。1What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?AThe various patterns at the ocean surface.BThe cause of the changes in ocean colour.CThe way light reflects off marine organisms.DThe efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.答案：B段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮
10、游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故B项正确。2What does the underlined word“vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ASensitive. BBeneficial.CSignificant. DUnnoticeable.答案：A词义猜测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖
11、很敏感，故A项正确。3What can we learn from the passage?APhytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.BDutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes.CPhytoplankton have been used to control global climate.DOceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.答案：D推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到这些浮游植物是海洋食
12、物链的基础，如果某些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，并结合文章第四段倒数第二句可知浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。4What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.BTo analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.CTo explain the effects of climate change on oceans. DTo introduce a new me
13、thod to study phytoplankton.答案：C主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变化对海洋有影响，故C项正确。I dont think I can recall a time when I wasnt aware of the beauty of the ocean. Growing up in Australia, I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side. The first time I went to Halfmoon Bay, I_suddenly_had_the
14、_feeling_of_not_being_able_to_feel_the_ground_with_my_feet_anymore.For my 10th birthday, my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef. There were fish in different colors, caves and layers of coral. They made such an impression on me. When I learned that only 1 percent of Australias Cora
15、l Sea was protected, I was shocked. Australian marine life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on earth. But sadly, only 45% of the worlds reefs are considered healthy.This statistic is depressing, so its important for us to do everything to pr
16、otect them. The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete ecosystem has led me to take action. Ive become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity, which aims to create the largest marine park in the world. It would serve as a place where the oceans species will all have a safe place foreve
17、r.Together, Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be a part of the movement. Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy, who grew up sailing, admiring the beauty of the ocean, and trying to find the secrets of ocean species.篇章导读
18、：本文是一篇记叙文。在澳大利亚长大的作者对海洋有着深厚的感情，当他得知珊瑚和海洋生物正处在非常危险的状态时，他决定为保护海洋环境作出自己的努力。5From the underlined sentence in Para. 1, we can learn the author _.Aseldom went surfing at the seaBforgot his experiences about the oceanCnever went back to his hometownDhad a wonderful impression of Halfmoon Bay答案：D推理判断题。由文章第一
19、段作者陈述，自己永远不会忘记海洋的美丽，以及关键词“good fortune of having the sea .”可推知，当他第一次来到半月湾时，他有一种飘飘欲仙的感觉。由此可推断，半月湾给作者留下了非常美好的印象。故选D项。6According to the second paragraph, Australian marine life _.Ais escaping from the Coral Sea graduallyBdepends on reefs for living greatlyCmay be faced with dangerDis protected better t
20、han that in other oceans答案：C推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，在澳大利亚只有1%的珊瑚海受到保护，而且全世界只有45%的珊瑚是健康的。由此可知，澳大利亚的海洋生物正处在危险之中。故选C项。7The Protect Our Coral Sea activity is intended to _.Acontribute to a complete ecosystemBprevent more marine species being endangeredCset up a large nature reserve for reefsDraise more teenager
21、s environmental awareness答案：B细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“It would serve as a place where the oceans species will all have a safe place forever.”可知，该活动为海洋物种提供安全的庇护场所，故其目的是防止更多的海洋生物遭受危险。故选B项。8Angus and the author created a little video to _.Aurge more people to take action to protect the marine speciesBinspire
22、more people to explore the secret of the oceanCshare their childhood experiences about the oceanDbring back to people their memories of ocean species答案：A细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Together, Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be a part of the movement.”可知，他们做视频是希望它能激励人们参与
23、到保护海洋生物的行动中。故选A项。.七选五(2019山东省济宁一中高三第一次调研考试)Things You Can Do for the OceanThe ocean supports a global underwater circulation system of currents, which affects temperature and nutrient distribution. _1_. Its time for you to do something for the ocean. Be the best citizen of the ocean you can be by ta
24、king these simple steps today._2_.The Monterey Bay Aquarium has made it easy to choose oceanfriendly seafood wherever you live or travel. You can visit their site to determine the pocket guide. And try to carry a reusable cup when travelling. More than 200 billion pounds of plastic is produced in th
25、e world every year and about 10% of it ends up in the ocean! _3_. You can also make your efforts to reduce the plastic waste by travelling with your own cup.Leave it better than you found it and reduce water pollution.Leave natural areas and beaches better than you found them. _4_， or get together w
26、ith likeminded members of your community by participating in a local beach cleanup. Reducing water pollution is also beneficial to protecting the ocean. There are simple things you can do to reduce water pollution locally and impact water quality globally. _5_. You should correctly deal with dangero
27、us materials. Moreover, you should use native plants and natural fertilizers, and be mindful when washing your vehicle.AAnd this in turn affects ultimately human lifeBThe ocean pollution has been a serious problemCEat sustainable seafood and carry a reusable cupDBring a small bag and pick the rubbis
28、h along the wayEYou should not eat at the restaurants selling wild animalsFYou should use poisonless household products whenever possibleGRefusing bottled water is an effective way to reduce the waste stream of plastic篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者针对如何保护海洋，减少海洋污染这一问题给出了一些建议。1A上文提到了海洋的作用和影响，A项“并且这些反过来会最终影响人类的生活。”在
29、语意和结构上与设空处前一句构成顺承和递进关系，故选A。2C由第二段内容可知，这一段主要讲了吃可再生的海鲜和使用可重复使用的杯子的问题，故选C。3G设空前一句指出塑料对于海洋的严重污染，设空后一句提到了减少使用塑料的方法，G项“拒绝瓶装水是一种减少塑料使用的有效方法。”符合语境，故选G。4D上下文提到了清理海滩的活动，D项“带一个小包，沿途捡拾垃圾。”符合语境，指出了具体的实施方法，故选D。5F由下一句“You should correctly deal with dangerous materials.”(你应该正确地处理危险物品。)可知，设空处应谈及有毒或无毒的问题，故F项(你应该使用无毒家
30、居产品)符合语境，故选F。.语法填空(2019广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)Recently, an Internet slang word “foxi”or “Buddhist”is becoming increasingly popular as it encourages people, especially _1_ young to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflicts as much as possiblein other words, to live like a Buddha.The phrase _2_ (create)
31、for the first time in 2014 in Japan to describe young men who no longer bother to start relationships with women or follow someone elses life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without _3_ (disturb) and care little about passion or success.In this fastchanging and _4_ (compete) wo
32、rld, many people are _5_ heavy pressure. Its only natural that people are seeking for a spiritual bay. However, some would compare “foxi” with “demotivational (无动力的) culture”a phrase _6_ describes young people who feel aimless and powerless. They say that foxi actually reflects the reality that youn
33、g people are losing their will to fight. They are pretending _7_ (keep) a healthy and wise attitude towards failure simply _8_ they are incapable (无能力的) of succeeding.All in all, there is one thing that “Buddhist Youngsters” should _9_ (basic) keep in mind: You may want to keep a calm mindset, _10_
34、you should never stop fighting for yourselves！1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。本文说明网络俚语“佛系”的起源、表示的意义及人们对此俚语的思考和感悟你可能想要保持平和的心态，但你永远不应该停止为自己而奋斗！1the考查冠词。the young意思是“年轻人”，“the形容词”表示一类人，故答案为the。2was created考查动词的时态和语态。此处句子主语The phrase 和create之间存在被动关系，主语是第三人称单数，再根据in 2014，可知句子的谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态。3b
35、eing disturbed/disturbance考查非谓语动词/词性转换。句意：他们宁愿待在自己的平和世界里，不被打扰，也不关心激情和成功。介词without后面用名词或动名词，另外，句子主语They和disturb之间存在被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being done或直接接名词。4competitive考查词性转换。句意：在这个快速变化和竞争激烈的世界里，许多人承受着巨大的压力。形容词修饰名词，故答案为competitive。5under考查固定搭配。句意：在这个快速变化和竞争激烈的世界里，许多人承受着巨大的压力。under pressure “在压力之下”，故答案为under。
36、6which/that考查定语从句的引导词。此处a phrase是先行词，指物，后面的定语从句中缺少主语，所以用which或that引导定语从句，故答案为which/that。7to keep考查非谓语动词。pretend to do sth.“假装做某事”，所以此处是动词不定式作宾语，故答案为to keep。8because考查状语从句的连接词。这是一个原因状语从句，故答案为because。9basically考查词性转换。副词修饰动词短语，故答案为basically。10but考查连词。句意：你可能想要保持平和的心态，但你永远不应该停止为自己而奋斗！前后句表示转折关系，故答案为but。.书
37、面表达(2020贵阳市普通高中高三年级摸底考试)某英文报社正在开展“环保”大讨论，向你约稿。请以垃圾分类为主题，按照以下要点发表你的观点。1意义；2.现状；3.建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2文章标题已拟好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：垃圾分类 garbage classificationOn Garbage Classification 精彩范文On Garbage ClassificationI am so glad to have the chance to join the debate. Now I want to say something about garbage classif
38、ication.As we all know, some people would throw all waste like plastic, paper and glass into the same public dustbin, without thinking whether they are recyclable or not.But garbage classification is very important. On the one hand, without classifying, some waste will remain where they were placed
39、for a long time. As a result, it will pollute the earth. On the other hand, waste is just the misplaced resources. We can recycle waste by classifying it and making full use of some leftovers.Thus, garbage classification is meaningful to us. We can do it just now. For example, we can collect plastic bottles and sell them to the waste shop and throw used batteries into the correct dustbin.