1、第06讲 名词性从句复习一、考纲要求 名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。二、命题规律1.重点考查宾语从句，其次是表语从句、主语从句最后是同位语从句，通常考查引导这些从句的引导词的选择。2.高考对名词性从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。三、命题形式 名词性从句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空、短文改错中，写作范
2、文中也常有名词性从句出现，尤其是宾语从句。知识点1that引导的名词性从句（1）that引导主语从句It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. (主语从句)2018北京卷我突然想到像茶文化这样的传统文化既有强大的魅力又有巨大的价值。As I searched the name Linda on the Internet，it became evident that therere two with the same name who look co
3、mpletely different.当我在网上搜索Linda这个名字的时候，很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。It is announced in todays newspaper that Xi Jinping will pay a visit to Russia next week.今天报纸上宣称习近平下周要对俄罗斯进行访问。【温馨提示】连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。考点总结1that引导主语从句位于句首时，本身无意义，但是不可省略。2that从句作主语时，常用it作形
4、式主语，常见的句型有：Itbe形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.)that从句。Itbe名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.)that从句。It be过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)that从句。（2）that引导宾语从句I do hope that you
5、 will have a bright future and that our friendship will last forever! 2019浙江（宾语从句）我真心希望你有一个光明的前途，并且我们的友谊长存。Tom is a nice boy，except that he is sometimes late for school.汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时上学迟到。I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现我们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。考点总结1常见的可以接that
6、 (that可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know，imagine，discover，believe，tell，show，think，consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。2that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。3that引导表语从句和同位语从句Firstly, this is precisely what the British visitors are expecting. (表语从句) 2019江苏首先，这恰恰是英国参观者所期待的。2016天津The manager p
7、ut forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(同位语从句)经理提出了一条建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多工作要做。考点总结1that引导表语从句时，一般不能省略。2that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导作用，在从句中不充当成分，但一般不能省略。【典例1】【2019江苏卷单项填空】25.
8、Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。【变式】1.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _61_ they range all th
9、e way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence内容，故填that。2. 2016北京The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.【答案】that【解析】考查表语从句。系动词is后是表语从句，表语从句句子结构完整，所填连接词不做成分，没有意思
10、，故填that。知识点2whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。(主语从句，不可用if代替whether)I didnt know whether/if he would attend the concert.我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(宾语从句，可用if代替whether)The question is whether it is worth trying.问题是
11、值不值得试一试。(表语从句，不可用if代替whether)He asked her the question whether they can be friends.他问她一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。(同位语从句，不可用if代替whether)I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病危机。(介词后的宾语从句中，不可用if代替whether)考点总结1whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。与or或or not连用时只能用whet
12、her从句作介词宾语时只能用whether2在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。【典例】 (2017天津,4)She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.【答案】whether/if【解析】此处应用whether/if引导宾语从句。【变式】Success partially depends on _ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly【答案】whether【解析】根据句子结构可
13、知，设空处引导宾语从句；根据句意可判断，设空处意为“是否”，其前有介词on，故填 whether。知识点3who，why，how，where，when等引导的名词性从句How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。2015江苏Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。I dont
14、know why it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting.我不知道到底为什么我们的校长缺席如此重要的会议。2017福建福州质检Some students even have no idea of why they are studying，so they waste much time playing.有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们
15、是否能按时完成任务。考点总结1who，why，how，where，when等引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。2能接以上词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see，tell，ask，answer，know，decide，imagine，suggest，doubt，wonder，show，discuss，understand，inform，advise等。3以上词可引导介词的宾语从句。4以上词还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。【典例3】【2019北京卷语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they g
16、o.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。【变式】1.(2017北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing _ she was heading【答案】where【解析】句意：简在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。2. (2018浙江高考)This is _ there is a saying that if you want
17、 something done, ask a busy person to do it【答案】why【解析】句意：这就是为什么有这样的一种说法，求忙人才能做成事。此处why引导表语从句。知识点4what，whever引导的名词性从句2015安徽A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not what ships are built for.在港口的船是安全的，但是那并不是船被建造的目的。Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。We prom
18、ise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.(宾语从句)我们承诺无论谁参加晚会，都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。2016北京Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.(让步状语从句)你的支持对于我们的工作很重要，不管你做什么都能帮助我们。考点总结1what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“的”，在从句中用来作主语、宾语、表语或定语。2whever引导名词性从句时，其作用等同于其前面的连接词，意
19、为“任何”或“无论”，含有强调的语气。【典例4】(2018江苏高考)_ starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school【答案】What【解析】句意：开始中学生玩这些应用程序只是因为它们有趣，后来它们变成了一个现实社交互动中的巨大压力。what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。【变式】(2018安徽联考)Its my treat today Is there anything particular you would lik
20、e to have?_ you choose is fine with me【答案】Whatever【解析】句意：今天我请客，你有什么特别想吃的吗？无论你选择什么对我来说都可以。“_ you choose”为主语从句，从句中choose缺宾语，且指“无论什么”，故用whatever。考点1：名词性从句与语法填空在语法填空题中主要考查名词性从句中的连接词。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，其连接词一般不可省略(宾语从句中的that可省略)。【典例】在空白处填入适当的连接词1. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration f
21、or _Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 【答案】what【解析】分析句子结构可知,所填词引导宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语,故用what。2. Exactly _the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 【答案】when【解析】所填词引导主语从句,并在从句中作状语,表示时间,故用when。【变式】1.Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stati
22、ons and coffee shops. _finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. 【答案】Whoever【解析】此处应用whoever引导主语从句,whoever在从句中作主语,意为“无论是谁”。2. The journey was intended to achieve more than_Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.【答案】what【解析】引导词在从句中作had done的宾语,故用what。 应对策略1若含有两个主谓结构的句子之间，没有句号或
23、分号，也没有连词，那么空格处一定填连接词，若其中一个分句作另一个句子的成分，注意根据成分关系确定相应的复合从句，再根据从句中缺何成分确定连接词。考点2名词性从句与短文改错短文改错中对于名词性从句的考查主要涉及连接词使用不当，缺少连接词以及what与that、which混用等。【典例】1(2018全国卷)But sometimes were not aware what cheaply we can make this food ourselves_【答案】whathow【解析】句意：但是有的时候我们意识不到我们自己可以使得这种食物多么地便宜。此处修饰cheaply。用副词how。2(2018全
24、国卷)The general rule is what mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people_【答案】whatthat【解析】句意：通常的规则是气候温暖的地区语言种类少，而说这些语言的人人数较多。that引导表语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，而what作主语，宾语或者表语。本句不缺少成分，故将what改为that。【变式】2(2018河南六市高三联考)The tour pal lost his way in the mountain; that made things worse was tha
25、t it began to rain_【答案】第一个thatwhat【解析】句意：这个驴友在山里迷路了，更糟糕的是开始下雨了。分析句子结构可知，本句包含两个并列分句。而第二个分句的主语为what引导的主语从句，what在主语从句中作主语。2(2018湖北四地高三联考)Recently the students in our school have had a heated discussion on if people should keep pets at home in cities_【答案】ifwhether【解析】if和whether都可以表示“是否”，但是介词后面的宾语从句只能用wh
26、ether引导，因此将if改成whether。应对策略2对于名词性从句中连接词的考查，注意首先判断两个单句之间是否有连接词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连接词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系判定是何从句，再根据连接词在句中作何成分，判断正误；(2)注意which与that，which与what，whether与if以及其他wh连接词的用法区别。考点3 书面表达中名词性从句易错点聚焦1语序问题(误)These pictures show you what does our village look like.(正)These pictures show
27、 you what our village looks like.此处宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序。(误)Do you think which of these is the most useful invention?(正)Which of these do you think is the most useful invention?在疑问语气中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。2what和that的运用(误)America was that was first called“India” by Columbus.(正)America was what
28、 was first called “India” by Columbus.在名词性从句中，连接词that既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连接代词what则相反，它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。另外，我们可以把what解释为：the名词that/which。3whether和if的运用(误)If well hold the party has not been decided yet.(正)Whether well hold the party has not been decided yet.whether适用于任何情况；if(作“是否”讲)仅限于动词宾语从句中，但discuss，decide等动词后的宾语从句除外。4连接词的使用易受汉语干扰(误)The reason why I was late is because I was trapped in the traffic jam.(正)The reason why I was late is that I was trapped in the traffic jam.通过提取简化可得出：The reason is because.在英语中这显然造成了重复现象。