1、2014高考英语阅读理解系列训练（21）及答案解析第三部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。A(2012河北普通高考模拟改编)Im often told how I have a dream job，that I work for a great company，getting to deal with the leaders in social media every day，and especially that I get to work from my home.Usuall
2、y the people who tell me that working from home is wonderful have never worked from home.They spend most of their career working from an office and hate it.In fact，I love being able to work from home and make my own hours.I truly appreciate being able to drop what Im doing to attend kids or go shopp
3、ing，but theres a side to it we dont often talk about，the hard side.No one wants to believe people like me，working from home，have anything to complain about.Really，Im not going to complain，but I do want to share a few things about telecommuting(远程办公) that few homebased people want to tell you，because
4、 working from home doesnt look so wonderful.One of the reasons I love my job is the flexibility.I know that I can volunteer for school projects，meet friends for lunch and work out for an hour as long as I get my work done.But do you know telecommuters have to make up the time if they wish to pepper
5、their days with fun distractions？So while my husband and kids are watching a movie，Im working until midnight.Besides，when you work from home，youre held to your phone and Skype(网络电话)in case someone wants to talk to you during business hours.So its not so easy to be flexible!56We learn from the passag
6、e that the writer _.Ais quite satisfied with her present workBcan balance her work and family life wellCcomplains about the disadvantages of working from officeDpresents some unknown facts of working from home57The last paragraph mainly tells us that _.Ayoure not as flexible as you think you areByou
7、re usually a slave to yourselfCthe writer can always make full use of the freedomDthe writer is always busy with her work58The writer probably agrees that _.Aeast or west，homeworking is the bestBfreedom should always come before workCget work done，or youll have no freedomDall work and no play makes
8、Jack a dull boy59Who is the passage mainly intended for?ATelecommuters. BOffice workers.DJob hunters. DResearchers.56D根据文章第三段最后一句中的“Im not going to complain，but I do want to share a few things about telecommuting(远程办公)that few homebased people want to tell you，because working from home doesnt look s
9、o wonderful.”可知，作者告诉我们一些远程办公不被公众所了解的事实，故选D项。57A根据文章最后一句“So its not so easy to be flexible！”可知，此段主要讲述了在家上班并没有人们想象中那么自由，A项最能归纳该段大意，故选A项。58C根据文章最后一段作者自己的经历并结合全文可知，即便你在家工作，如果你还没有完成工作的话，你仍然是没有所谓的自由可言的，故选C项。59B文章多次提到“telecommuting”“working from home”等等，由此不难推断出，本文是为那些想要远程办公或者在家办公的办公室职员而写的，故选B项。*结束 (2012湖北孝
10、感第一次统考)Recently，a professor of philosophy in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life.He has discovered that how we deal with money in our daytoday life has more meaning than we usually think.One of the exercises he asked his students to do is to keep a record of eve
11、ry penny they spend for a week.From the way they spend their money，they can see what they really value in life.He says our relation with others often become clearly defined when money enters the picture.You might have wonderful friendship with somebody and you think that you are very good friends.Bu
12、t you will know him only when you ask him to lend you some money.If he does，it brings something to the friendship that seems stronger than ever before.Or it can suddenly weaken the relationship if he doesnt.This person may say that he has a certain feeling，but if it is not carried out in the money w
13、orld，there is something less real about it.Since money is so important to us，we consider those who possess a lot of it to be very important.The author interviewed some millionaires in researching for his book.Question：What is the most surprising thing you have discovered about being rich，because you
14、 are a selfmade man?Answer：The most surprising thing is how people give me so much respect.I am nothing.I dont know much.All I am is rich.People just have an idea of making more and more money，but what is it for？How much do I need for any given purposes in my life？In his book，the professor uncovered
15、 an important need in modern society：to bring back the idea that money is an instrument rather than the end.Money plays an important role in the material world，but expecting money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.60According to the first paragraph，people have not realized _.Ahow
16、important money is in their daytoday lifeBhow one spends money shows what is important to himCthat money is more important than their philosophy of lifeDthat their understanding of life is more important than money61What can we learn about the millionaire from his answer in the interview?AHe does no
17、t feel that he is welleducated.BHe does not consider himself to be very successful.CHe does not think that he is respected by others.DHe does not think that being rich deserves so much attention.62What does the American professor of philosophy want to explain in his book?AMoney is a means. BMoney is
18、 everything.CMoney is an end. DMoney is important.63Which of the following might the author disagree?AMoney is important in modern society.BWealth will surely bring the owner happiness.CThe meaning of life doesnt completely lie in money.DHappiness is not necessarily the result of wealth.60B第一段最后说“从他
19、们花钱的方式能看出他们在生活中真正重视什么”，由此判断选B项。61D第四段中被采访的那个百万富翁说：“人们这么尊敬我，这最让我感到惊讶。我什么都不是，我知道的也不多，我只是有钱。”从这句回答可以推断D项正确，他觉得自己不应该受到如此多的关注。62A最后一段说，该教授在书中向大家传达了一点：钱是一个工具，而不是人生的最终目标。由此判断选A项。63B文章最后一句作者说，在物质世界，钱的作用很重要，但是指望金钱给我们带来幸福的话就会错失人生的真谛。由此可知，“财富一定能给拥有者带来幸福”是错误的，不是作者的观点。*结束 (2012河北唐山一模)Sales ExecutivePindan Labor
20、Solutions is expanding and we require a sales executive.Working hours from Monday to Friday，12 months a year.However，some weekend work may be required.You will be assisting our team of consultants with business development.You can get a monthly income of $5,200.Essential requirements include previou
21、s sales experience，strong communication skills，high level of computer competency(能力)，WA drivers license.For more information，please email stefan or phone 0452 236 541.Martial Arts(武术) TrainerGoKanRyu Karate has a number of positions available for people who have an interest in the martial arts.The p
22、osition will involve training new students on working days.An expected first year income of $45,000.Excellent people skills and previous experience are essential.Own car and license required.Please contact Tim Hort on 0285 371 464 or kyle for further information.Workshop ManagerLocated in Wongan Hil
23、ls WA，Beckman Machinery wants a service/workshop manager to join our successful team.Your role will be to provide the best possible service to customers，Monday to Friday.You must have trade certificate，excellent communication and computer skills.Knowledge of agricultural products is essential.You ca
24、n get at least $50,000 in your first year.Please call Stuart 0427 777 105 or email stuart.au if any further information is needed.FarmhandA general farmhand is required to work on a farm located 40kms from Condobolin.A drivers license is essential.Duties include：sheep，cattle work；cropping & irrigati
25、on(灌溉)Weekends off，except during sowing and harvest periods.$39,000 a year.If you are interested in farm work，please email diane.moisiscwcc.nsw.edu.au or call 0167 327 047 for detailed information.64Of the four positions，which offers the top yearly income?AA sales executive. BA martial arts trainer.
26、CA workshop manager. DA farmhand.65If you are without any working experience and dont want to work on weekends，you can email _ for detailed information.Astefan BkyleCdiane.moisiscwcc.nsw.edu.au Dstuart.au66If you want to apply for the position as a farmhand，you must have _.Asales experience Ba drive
27、rs licenseCa trade certificate Dyour own car64A对比四个职位的年薪可知，Sales Executive一职提供的年薪最高。注意原文所给的销售主管的工资是月薪。65D题干中提到了两个条件，即没有工作经验而且周末不上班，符合这两个条件的只有D项。66B根据Farmhand下面第一段中的“A drivers license is essential.”可知，应选B项。*结束 (2012北京东城区期末)For anyone who is determined to be a fashion designer，it is not enough to have
28、 succeeded in college.The real test is whether they can survive，and become established during their early 20s，making a name for themselves in the real world where business skills can be as important as talent and creativity.Fashion is a hard business.There is a continuous amount of stress because wo
29、rk is at a constant and extremely fast speed to prepare for the next seasons collections.It is extremely competitive and there is the constant need to make attractive advertisements of the latest fashion in newspapers and magazines.It also requires continual freshness because the appetite for new id
30、eas is hard to satisfy.“We try to warn people before they come to us about how tough it is.”says Lydia Kemeny.Head of Fashion at St.Martins School of Art in London.“And we point out that drive and determination are absolutely necessary.”This may seem far removed from the popular opinions of fashiona
31、ble young people spending their time designing pretty dresses.That may well be what they do in their first year of study but a good college wont be slow in introducing students to commercial realities.“We dont walk our foot on the blossoming flower of creativity but in the second year we start intro
32、ducing the restrictions of price，producing ability，marketing and so on.”Almost all fashion design is done to a brief.It is not a form of selfexpression as such，although there is certainly room for imagination and creativity.Most young designers are going to end up as employees of a producer or a fas
33、hion house and they still need to be able to work within the characteristic style of their employer.Even those students who are most modern in their own taste of clothes may need to adapt to produce designs which are right for the mainstream of the market.They also have to be able to work at both th
34、e expensive and the cheap end of the market and the challenge to produce good design inexpensively may well be demanding.67Which of the following is mainly discussed in the passage?ATalent in fashion.BGood marks at college.CAbility to create new designs.DBusiness skills in fashion industry.68What ca
35、n we learn from the second paragraph?AFashion designers are highly motivated and really determined.BGood preparations for the next season can reduce stress.CConsumers appetite for new ideas keeps changing.DAdvertisement business is very competitive.69What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph
36、 3 refer to?ALydia Kemenys opinion.BThe competitive business world.CThe warning to the young designers.DThe real situation in fashion industry.70Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?ASt.Martins School of Art encourages the new students to design dresses they like.BSt.Martins Schoo
37、l of Art requires students to develop their creativity in their designing.CSt.Martins School of Art demands students to make pretty dresses for companies.DSt.Martins School of Art focuses on teaching students commercial realities.67D第一段是文章的主题段，通读全文可知整篇文章介绍的是在时尚业应该掌握怎样的商业技巧才能立足。68C从第二段中的“It also requ
38、ires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is hard to satisfy.”可知消费者对时尚的追求是不断变化的。69D通过阅读第二、三段可知，“This”指代的是第二段讲到的内容，即时尚界的真实情况。70D根据第三段的第二句和第三句可知该校重视教学生有关商业方面的知识。*结束*结束 (2011辽宁卷，D)The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless populat
39、ion in the United States.It is a network of offices，some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population，and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place to call home.According to the Coalitions studies，of over two hundred million peopl
40、e living in the United States，up to three million are homelessand the number is still growing.Since the late 1970s，fastrising house prices，large cuts in government supported housing programs，and economic recession(经济衰退) have made it impossible for many Americans to meet housing costs.Sadly，this has
41、resulted in a number of persons being forced to leave their homes and/or unable to find new affordable homes.According to another research，families with children appear to be the fastestgrowing part of the homeless population，making up 39% of it.The old idea of a homeless person，that of the single m
42、an who gets drunk all the time，is no longer true.A much larger part of the population now finds itself homeless.Even worse，once a person becomes homeless，he often finds it impossible to find a job，since most employers require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job applic
43、ation.本文记叙了无家可归者联盟试图帮助解决无家可归人的需要。为他们提供食物和房屋，为他们的权力而战。从二十世纪七十年代以来，由于房价上升，政府支持减少，经济衰退，使无家可归者越来越多，更糟的是，他们找不到工作。17The underlined word “address” in the first line probably means “_”Atalk about Bdeal withCfight for Dwrite to答案：B。词义猜测题。从下文可知，该联盟提供给无家者食物，房子，即表明该联盟在努力满足和解决无家者的需求。故B项正确。18How many people are h
44、omeless in the US.according to the Coalition studies?A39% of the population.B200 million people.CAbout 3 million people.DAbout onefifth of the population.答案：C。细节理解题。根据短文第三句话可知，美国有两亿人口，其中有多达三百万人无家可归，且这个数还在上升。19Homeless people often have difficulty finding a job because_.Athey have no home addressesBt
45、hey mostly have a drinking problemCthey arent supported by government programsDthey often dont have enough work experience答案：A。细节理解题。根据短文最后一句可知，因为大多数雇主要求找工作的人在申请表上填上家庭住址，所以无家可归者发现他们不可能找到工作。20What is the main cause of the rising number of the homeless in the US.?AThe passing of new housing laws.BThe
46、fast growth of family size.CThe slow construction of houses.DThe everrising price of housing.答案：D。细节理解题。根据第四句话可知，从20世纪70年代，房价快速增长，使许多美国人不可能满足住房费用，从而使更多的人无家可归。 C82012全国卷 You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need
47、to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First, you must ask yourself，“Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side？” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Lets st
48、art with the wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90angle(角度)to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat
49、. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldnt flap(摆动)It shouldnt look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.Sai
50、ling into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you cant go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always k
51、eep the sail inside the boat.45. What should you consider first while sailing?ASailors strength. BWave levels.CWind directions. DSize of sails.46What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe boat. BThe wind.CThe sail. DThe angle.47What do you have to do when sailing against the win
52、d?AMove in a straight line.BAllow the sail to flap.CLower the sail.DTack the boat.48Where can you probably find the text?AIn a popular magazine.BIn a tourist guidebook.CIn a physics textbook.DIn an official report.【要点综述】本文主要介绍了航行中关于风向的问题。首先要考虑风向，然后再根据风是从船的后面，侧面还是前面来确定航行的方法。45. C细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句话“And
53、 you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.”和第二段的内容，可知首先要考虑风向的问题。A项是不需要考虑的，B项和D项没有提及。46. C代词指代题。结合第四段中“In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.”中的the sail可知后面的it指的是“风帆”。而不是“船”，“风”或“角度”。47. D细节理解题。从最后一段的“You may want to go in that direction.This is called tacking.”可知是逆风航行的时候要不断地改变方向，因此选D。48. A推理判断题。本文主要涉及的是大众的航行运动的知识，而不是有关旅游和物理方面的知识，也不是一个官方的报告，因此选A。*结束