1、2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（17）及答案C82013浙江卷 -C The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large,
2、warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”the real mother or the mothersubstitute (母亲替代物). During the first two weeks of its life warmth is per
3、haps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutesone covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artif
4、icial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mothersubstitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they s
5、witched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother. Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers skin
6、s, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesnt “rub” as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mot
7、her appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk. According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a babys love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how
8、interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down
9、from the mothersubstitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and les
10、s time holding onto its “mother”. 50Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life? A. Warmth. B. Milk. C. Contact. D. Trust. 51After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is _. A.
11、larger in size B. closer to them C. less frightening and less disturbing D. more comfortable to rub against 52What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？A. Attention. B. Softness. C. Confidence. D. Interest. 53It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, _
12、. A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toysB. it spends more time screaming to get rewardsC. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interestingD. it cares less about whether its mother is still around54The main purpose of the passage is to _. A. give the reaso
13、ns for the experimentB. present the findings of the experimentC. introduce the method of the experimentD. describe the process of the experiment【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。50A考查细节理解。从文章第一段“During the first few days of its lifeonto almost any large, warm, and soft object”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选A
14、项。51D考查推理判断。从第三段“Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？Baby monkeys spent much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins”推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“线妈妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选D项。 52C考查细节理解。从第三段“Prolonged (长时间的)contact comfort with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence an
15、d ”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈”接触，增加了幼猴的自信心，因此C项是最佳答案。53D考查推理判断。从最后一段“If its cloth mother is now introducedit obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down fromand less and less time holding onto its mother”推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以D项正确。54B 考查写作意图。文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果
16、，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以B项为最佳答案。社会生活类-51Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing?Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy,such as pop culture,he rem
17、embers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.I would never have said to my mom,Hey,the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the onlygulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities
18、and expectations,earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are c
19、omfortable and common. And parent-child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.”But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in le
20、ss respect for parents.“Theres still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents. “Family researchers offe
21、r a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.My parents were on the before side of that change, but todays parents, the
22、40-year-olds,were on the after side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “Its not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”1. The underlined word gap in Para. 3 most probably mea
23、ns_.A. interestB. distanceC. differenceD. separation2. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing?A. Parents help their children develop interests in more activities.B. Parents put more trust in their childrens abilities.C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs
24、.D. Parents share more interests with their children.3. The change in todays parent-child relationship is_.A. more confusion among parentsB. new equality between parents and childrenC. less respect for parents from childrenD. more strictness and authority on the part of parents4. By saying “todays p
25、arents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side,the author means that todays parents.A. follow the trend of the changeB. can set a limit to the changeC. fail to take the change seriouslyD. have little difficulty adjusting to the change5. The purpose of the passage is to_.A. describe the difficultie
26、s todays parents have met withB. discuss thedevelopment of the parent-child relationshipC. suggest the ways to handle the parent-child relationshipD. compare todays parent-child relationship with that in the past【参考答案】51.1-5 CDBAB 社会生活类-52Melissa Poe was 9 years old when she began a campaign for a c
27、leaner environment by writing a letter to the then President Bush. Through her own efforts, her letter was reproduced on over 250 donated billboards (广告牌) across the country. The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment(Kids F. A. C. E. )in 198
28、9. There are now 300, 000 members of Kids F. A. C. E. worldwide and it is the worlds largest youth environmental organization. Poe has also asked the National Park Service to carry out a“Childrens Forest” project in every national park. In 1992, she was invited as one of only six children in the wor
29、ld to speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part of the Voices of the Future Program. In 1993, she was given a Caring Award for her efforts by the Caring Institute. Since the organization started, Kids F. A. C. E. members have distributed and planted over 1 million trees! Ongoing tree-planting proj
30、ects include Kids Yardsthe creation of backyard wildlife habitats (栖息地) and now Kids F. A. C. E. is involved in the exciting Earth Odyssey, which is a great way to start helping. “Starting the club turned out to be a way to help people get involved with the environment. Club members started doing th
31、ings like recycling, picking up litter and planting trees as well as inviting other kids to join their club. “ “We try to tell kids that its not OK to be lazy,” she explains. “You need to start being a responsible, environmentally friendly person now, right away, before you become a resource-sucking
32、 adult.”1. Kids F. A. C. E. is.A. a program to help students with writingB. a project of litter recyclingC. a campaign launched by President BushD. a club of environmental protection2. What can we learn about Poe? A. She was awarded a prize in Brazil.B. She donated billboards across the country.C. S
33、he got positive responses for her efforts.D. She joined the National Park Service.3. Kids Yards is.A. established in a national parkB. started to protect wildlifeC. a wildlife-raising projectD. an entertainment park for kids4. Which of the following can be inferred from the text? A. Adults are resou
34、rce-sucking people.B. Poe sought help from a youth organization.C. Kids F. A. C. E. members are from the U. S.D. Kids are urged to save natural resources.【参考答案】52.1-4 DCBB C82013北京卷 -DMultitaskingPeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests.
35、 The findings, based on performances and selfevaluations by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and cant focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling
36、 different things，” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensationseeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动) they were
37、. They then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and tho
38、se who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to
39、admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.“People multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity, but because theyre distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important，” Sanbonmatsu said.Adam
40、 Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilit
41、ies change as a result of multitasking.The findings do suggest, however, why the sensationseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations，” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This m
42、ay partly explain why people go in for these situations even though theyre dangerous.”67. The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask _A. seek high productivity constantlyB. prefer handling different things when getting boredC. are more focused when doing many things at a tim
43、eD. have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time68When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they _A. assessed the multitasking ability of the studentsB. evaluated the academic achievements of the studentsC. analyzed the effects of the participants tricky ment
44、al tasksD. measured the changes of the students understanding ability69According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their _A. limited power in calculationB. interests in doing things differently C. inability to concentrate on one task D. impulsive desire to try new things70From the last par
45、agraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually _A. drive very skillfullyB. go in for difficult tasksC. fail to react quickly to potential dangersD. refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior【要点综述】 这是一篇科普议论文，主要论证同时处理多重任务这一心理现象。犹太大学研究者发现，同时处理多重任务并不是出于提高生产率的目的，而是当事人容易分心而不能专心于所做的事情上。尽管来自加州大学的研究者提出
46、了不同的看法，但确实证明同时处理多重任务者对于危险境地确实不太敏感。67D 细节理解题。根据第一段“those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things”可知选D。68A 细节理解题。根据第二段“They then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task”可知评估的是参与者的同时处理多重任务的能力。69C 细节理解题。根据第四段“but because theyre distractible”可知，人们同时处理多重任务是因为他们容易分心，而不是高效。distractible“容易分心的，不专心的”，C项是对它的同义转换。70C 细节理解题。从最后一段“are generally less sensitive to risky situations”可知，同时处理多重任务者对于潜在危险不能及时做出反应。