1、2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练（66）及答案阅读理解Hans was an honest fellow with a funny round good-humored face. Living alone, every day he worked in his garden. In all the countryside there was no garden so lovely as his. All sorts of flowers grew there, blooming in their proper order as the months went by, one flower t
2、aking another flowers place, so that there were always beautiful things to see, and pleasant odors to smell. Hans had many friends, the most devoted being the Miller. So devoted was the rich Miller to Hans that hed never go by his garden without plucking a large bunch of flowers or a handful of swee
3、t herbs, or filling his pockets with fruits. The Miller used to talk about noble ideas, and Hans nodded and smiled, feeling proud of having such a friend. The neighbors thought it strange that the rich Miller never gave Hans anything in return, though he had hundreds of sacks of flour, many cows and
4、 sheep, but Hans never troubled his head about these, and nothing gave him greater pleasure than to listen to all the wonderful things about the unselfishness of true friendship. In spring, summer, and autumn Hans was very happy, but when winter came, and he had no fruit or flowers to sell, he suffe
5、red from cold and hunger. Though extremely lonely, the Miller never came to see him then. “Theres no good in going to see Hans while the snow lasts.” The Miller said to his wife, “When people are in trouble they shouldnt be bothered. So Ill wait till the spring comes when hes happy to give me flower
6、s.” “Youre certainly very thoughtful,” answered his wife, “Its quite a treat to hear you talk about friendship.” “Couldnt we ask Hans up here?” said their son. “Ill give him half my meal, and show him my white rabbits.” “How silly you are!” cried the Miller. “I really dont know whats the use of send
7、ing you to school. If Hans came up here, and saw our warm fire, our good supper, and our red wine, he might get envious, and envy is a most terrible thing, and would spoil anybodys nature. I am his best friend, and Ill always watch over him, and see that hes not led into any temptation. Besides, if
8、Hans came here, he might ask me for some flour. Flour is one thing, and friendship is another, and they shouldnt be confused. The words are spelt differently, and mean quite different things. Everybody can see that.” He looked seriously at his son, who felt so ashamed that he hung his head down, and
9、 grew quite scared, and began to cry into his tea. Spring coming, the Miller went down to see Hans. Again he talked about friendship. “Hans, friendship never forgets. Im afraid you dont understand the poetry of life. See, how lovely your roses are!” Hans said he wanted to sell them in the market to
10、buy back his things which were sold during the hard time of the winter. “Ill give you many good things. I think being generous is the base of friendship.” said the Miller. “And now, as Ill give you many good things, Im sure youd like to give me some flowers in return. Heres the basket, and fill it q
11、uite full.” Poor Hans was afraid to say anything. He ran and plucked all his pretty roses, and filled the Millers basket, imagining the many good things promised by the Miller. The next day he heard the Miller calling: “Hans, would you mind carrying this sack of flour for me to market?” “Im sorry, b
12、ut I am really very busy today.” “Well,” said the Miller, “considering that Im going to give you my things, its rather unfriendly of you to refuse. Upon my word, you mustnt mind my speaking quite plainly to you.” Poor Hans was driven by his friendship theory to work hard for his best friend, leaving
13、 his garden dry and wasted. One evening Hans was sitting by fire when the Miller came. “Hans,” cried the Miller, “My little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself, and Im going for the Doctor. But he lives so far away, and its such a bad windy night. It has just occurred to me that you can go
14、instead of me. You know Im going to give you my good things, so you should do something for me in return.” “Certainly,” cried Hans. He struggled into the stormy night, and got the doctor to ride a horse to the Millers house in time to save the boy. However, Hans got lost in the darkness, and wandere
15、d off into a deep pool, drowned. At Hans funeral, the Miller said, “I was his best friend. I should walk at the head of the procession.” Every now and then he wiped his eyes with a handkerchief. 16. “Flour is one thing, and friendship is another” can be understood as _. A. “Different words may mean
16、quite different things.” B. “Interest is permanent while friendship is flexible.” C. “Im afraid you dont understand the poetry of life.”D. “I think being generous is the base of friendship.”17. From the passage, we can learn that Hans _. A. was extremely wise and noble B. was highly valued by the Mi
17、ller C. admired the Miller very much D. had a strong desire for fortune 18. The author described the Millers behavior in order to _. A. warn the readers about the danger of a false friend B. show the friendship between Hans and the Miller C. entertain the readers with an incredible joking taleD. per
18、suade people to be as intelligent as the Mille19. Whats the main cause of Hans tragedy? A. True friendship between them. B. A lack of formal education. C. A sudden change of weather. D. Blind devotion to a friend. 20. From the Millers talk at home, we can see he was _. A. serious but kind B. selfish
19、 and cold-heartedC. caring but strict D. helpful and generous参考答案 16-20:BCADB(2011湖北卷，D)Feeling blue about the world ? “Cheer up，” says science writer Matt Ridley.“The world has never been a better place to live in，and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”Ridley calls himse
20、lf a rational optimistrational，because hes carefully weighed the evidence optimistic，because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what hes set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a gran
21、d enterprise that，on the whole，has done little but progress for 100, 000 years.He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.Heres how he explains his views.1)Shopping fuels inventionIt is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London
22、alone.Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty，our own generation has access to more nutritious food，more convenient transport，bigger houses，better cars，and of course，more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .This will continue as long as we use these things to make ot
23、her things.The more we specialize and exchange，the better off well be.2) Brilliant advancesOne reason we are richer，healthier，taller，cleverer，longerlived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needsfood，clothing，fuel and shelterhave grown a lot cheaper.Take one example.In 1800
24、a candle providing one hours light cost six hours work.In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for.In 1950 it was eight seconds.Today its half second.3) Lets not kill ourselves for climate changeMitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welf
25、are as climate change itself.A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village，where the use of fassilfuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by wellmeaning members of green political movements trying to save the world，is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change.If
26、 climaic change proves to be mild，but cutting carbon causes real pain，we may well find that we have stopped a nosebleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks.人类的进步是无法阻挡的，是令人乐观。在理性的乐观主义者一书中，作者阐述了自己对于生活中的乐观现象，并且对于购物这样普通的日常行为所带来的积极影响都做了详尽的分析和描述。9What is the theme of Ridleys most recent book?AWe
27、akness of human nature.BConcern about climate change.CImportance of practical thinking.DOptimism about human progress.答案：D。理解判断题。从第二段的前两句话中，反复提到一个关键词“optimistic”以及信息句“because that evidence shows.”；另外，“this is what hes set out to prove.”一句也正好清楚的表明了作者在本书中所以阐述的正是这个话题，正是与选项D的说法是一致的，即：人类的进步总是不可避免的。10How
28、does Ridley look at shopping?AIt encourages the creation of things.BIt results in shortage of goods.CIt demands more fossil fuels.DIt causes a poverty problem.答案：A。细节判断题。从“Shopping fuels invention”一段正是反映了Ridley的观点：购物能够激发创造发明。选项A与之相吻合。11The candle and lamp example is used to show that _.Aoil lamps gi
29、ve off more light than candlesBshortening working time brings about a happier lifeCadvanced technology helps to produce better candlesDincreased production rate leads to lower cost of goods答案：D。细节判断题。根据Brilliant advances 一段中的“Take one example”一句很明显的确定为：作者拿蜡烛与灯的比较与变化正是为了前面他所提到的看法，故与选项D的说法是一致的。12What
30、does the last sentence of the passage imply?ACutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.BOverreaction to climate change may be dangerous.CPeoples health is closely related to climate change.DCareless medical treatment may cause great pain.答案：B。推理判断题。根据最后一句话中的“cutting carbon causes real pa
31、in”可以排除选项A与C的说法，因为它们大相径庭；而根据“putting. around our necks”一句可以表明选项D中“careless”一词运用不当，是不符合语境的。故只有选项B是最正确的。D(2011全国卷，D)The way we do things round here Some years ago，I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started，“Dear John，I am quite pleased t
32、hat you have decided to join us.” That “quite” saddened me. I thought he was saying “were kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.”Then I discovered that in American English “quite” sometimes means “very”， while in British English it means “fairly”So the firs
33、t lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I dont just mean the words people speak. It is body language，dress，manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures (文化)Some of these differences may be only on
34、 the surfacedress，food and hours of workwhile others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate (气候)，while getting on with business. Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more p
35、olite；the service is better；you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However，other differences can be troubling, like punctuality (准时). If you invite people to a party at 7 oclock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minu
36、tes early in the American Midwest，an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word “late” because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do
37、in their own country.本文介绍了作者所感受到的文化差异。13. The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought _.A. the American bank didnt think much of himB. the American bank might hire another personC. its difficult to get used to American cultureD. its easy to misunderstand Americans答案：A。推理判断题
38、。由第一段中“That “quite” saddened me”可以推断出作者认为这家美国银行不重视他。14The underlined word “highlights” in Paragraph 2 probably means _.A. encourages B. helps to narrowC. increases D. draws attention to答案：D。词义猜测题。由下文可知人们做事情的方式引起了作者对文化差异的关注。15According to the author，what should we do with most cultural differences?A.
39、 Ask the native people for help.B. Understand and accept them.C. Do things in our own way.D. Do indepth research.答案：B。细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知我们要习惯文化差异并接受存在的文化差异。16When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are_. A. Italians B. Germans C. Greeks D. the British答案：B。细节理解题。由最后一段“If you invite
40、people.on time in Germany.”可知B项正确。E(2011北京卷，D)As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance
41、 of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.The 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) offered to
42、railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the west, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management
43、. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument
44、 against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.So tradeoffs will have to be made. Some scenic sports will be sacrificed. Some species (物种) will be forced to move, or will be c
45、arefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.The lasting effects of these tradeoffs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the r
46、egion. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.The money set aside in negotiated tradeoffs and the institution that control it will shape t
47、he West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.本文是一篇说明文。19世纪，美国政府拨款修建铁路和公路，这既带来了好处，也带来了一些不利。现在21世纪，一种新型的电力系统会给美国带来好处还是坏处，这是值得考虑的一个问题。在建这种新型的电力系统时，我们要记
48、住铁路和公路的影响。17What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.B. Some railroad stops remained underused.C. Land in the West was hard to manage.D. Land grants went into private hands.答案：C。细节理解题。根据第二段的“.and in both cases the landownershi
49、p has presented unique challenges to land management.”可知，建铁路导致的问题是“土地所有权给土地管理带来了挑战”。A项是修建公路的影响；B项说一些铁路站一直未被充分利用，是错误的；D项原文未说。18What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?A. The transmission of power. B. The use of money and power.C. The con
50、servation of solar energy. D. The selection of an ideal place. 答案：B。推理判断题。细读最后两段可知，对于可替代能源的发展主要的担忧是钱和力，钱和力可能带来一些好处，有可能被浪费掉，并且带来一些其他的问题。19What is the authors attitude towards building solar plants?A. Cautious. B. Approving. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.答案：A。推理判断题。根据全文以及文章的最后一句话“So lets remember the e
51、ffects of the railroads and the highroads as we construct these new power plants in the West.”可知，对正在建立新的电力系统是比较谨慎的。20Which is the best title for the passage?A. How the Railways Have Affected the WestB. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the WestC. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be ReducedD. How the
52、 Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled答案：B。主旨大意题。文章借助于铁路和公路对美国的影响，要说明的是太阳能这种新的电力系统对美国西部地区会有什么的影响。 A We live in an age of unprecedented(空前的) opportunity: If youve got ambition, drive, and smarts, you can rise to the top of your chosen professionregardless of where you started out from. But nowad
53、ays companies arent managing their knowledge workers careers. Rather, we must each be our own chief executive officer. Only when you operate from a combination of your strengths and self-knowledge can you achieve true and lasting excellence. To build a life of excellence, begin by asking yourself th
54、ese questions: “What Are My Strengths?” To accurately identify your strengths, use feedback analysis. Every time you make a key decision, write down the outcome you expect. Several months later, compare the actual results with your expected results. Look for patterns in what you are seeing: What res
55、ults are you skilled at generating? What unproductive habits are preventing you from creating the outcomes you desire? In identifying opportunities for improvement, dont waste time developing skill areas where you have little competence. Instead, concentrate on and build on your strengths.“What Are
56、My Values?”What are your ethics(道德标准)? What do you see as your most important responsibilities for living a worthy, ethical life? Do your organizations ethics resonate(共鸣) with your own values? If not, your career will be likely to be marked by frustration and poor performance.“Where Do I Belong?”Co
57、nsider your strengths, preferred work style, and values. Based on these qualities, what kind of work environment would you fit it best? Find the perfect fit, and youll transform yourself from a merely acceptable employee into a star performer.“What Can I Contribute?”In earlier eras, companies told b
58、usinesspeople what their contribution should be. Today, you have choices. To decide how you can best improve your organizations performance, first ask what the situation requires. Based on your strengths, work style, and values, how might you make the greatest contribution to your organizations effo
59、rts?1. The following steps are all the ways to find and improve your strengths EXCEPT_. A. writing down your expectations B. comparing the actual results C. finding out your advantages D. developing your disadvantagesm2. Which of the following comments is NOT true? A. People should find results they
60、 are skilled at generating. B. Processing information by hearing others discuss is the most effective way of working. C. People who work in one team should have similar ethics. D. The fit working environment can help the workers work more efficiently.3. What can lead to a life of excellence? A. Self
61、-pity and powers. B. Ambition and smarts. C. Self-awareness and strengths. D. Motives and self-knowledge.4. How might you make the greatest contribution to your organizations efforts? A. Do what is needed. B. Identify your own strengths. C. Work in your own way. D. Obey the companies rules. 参考答案 DBCA
