1、第二部分 语法专题专题三代词考点一代词的分类人称代词来源:学.科.网来源:1主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they来源:Z|xx|k.Com宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them形容词性物主代词my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves指示代
2、词this, that, these, those, such, some疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever关系代词/连接代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as不定代词one/some/any, each/every, none/no, many/much, few/little/a few/a littleother/another, all/both, neither/either相互代词each other, one another考点二it的用法1it指代前面所提
3、到过的事情、事物，身份不明的人或婴儿，未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.(指双方都明白的事情)帕克一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作需要去做。2it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。As far as Im concerned，its no use arguing with him；he wont change his mind.就我个人而言，
4、同他争论没用，他不会改变主意。3表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it(再接从句)，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate等。They would appreciate it，to be frank，if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.坦率地说，如果货物尽快被送到，他们会感激不尽。Laughter is the best medicineat least when it comes to protecting your heart.笑是最好的药，
5、至少当涉及保护心脏的时候(是这样)。4熟记下列有关it的固定句型：make it，get it，keep it up，see to it that，put it。考点三another，the other(s)，other，others的区别1another“另外一个(一些)”，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个(一些)”。I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face another day like that. 昨天一整天我都感觉很糟糕，所以今天早晨我决定不能像那样面对另一天了。2the
6、 other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”，是特指(可单独使用)，常用于one.the other.。the others是它的复数形式，特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。Ill spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing.我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习英语，另一半时间学习绘画。3other作前置定语，表示“另外的”，是泛指(后接n./pron.，不可单独使用)。We study Chinese，maths，English and other
7、lessons.我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他课程。4others作代词，泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。Some are singing and dancing，some are drawing，others are climbing the hill.一些人在唱歌跳舞，一些人在画画，还有一些人在爬山。考点四替代词it，that，one，those的用法区别1it意为“它”，特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物(同名同物)。I like this house with a beautiful garden in front，but I dont have enough money to buy it.
8、我喜欢这座前面有花园的房子，但是我没有足够的钱来买它。2that替代前面出现的特指单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the单数/不可数名词(同名不同物)。The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than that in any other area of the city.西安市中心的房租比这个城市其他地段的房租都贵。3one替代单数名词，指代上文提到的同类事物中的一个，但不是上文提到的那一个事物，相当于“a单数可数名词”；the one用来替代前面的特指的单数名词，有时可用that替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)。the
9、 ones用来替代前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)。Helping others is a habit，one you can learn even at an early age.帮助他人是一种习惯，是一种甚至年幼时你就能学着养成的习惯。考点五all，both，either，neither，none的区别1all表示“三者或三者以上都”，指人或所有的物。All thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. 重要的是你尽力朝正确的方向前
10、进。2both表示“两者都”。Did you go to London or Paris last year?We went to both.A week in London and two weeks in Paris.你们去年去了伦敦还是巴黎？都去了。在伦敦待了一周，在巴黎待了两周。3either表示“(两者中)任何一个”。He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found either of them again.战争中他发脾气且损害了健康，现在两样都没有了。4neither表示“(两者)都不”。Would y
11、ou like tea or coffee?Neither，thank you.Ive just had some water.你想要茶还是咖啡？都不要，谢谢。我刚喝过一些水。5none表示“(三者或三者以上)都不”。Wow! Youve got so many clothes.But none of them are in fashion now.哇！你衣服真多啊！但是没一件是跟得上潮流的。注意：部分否定/全部否定both/all与not连用时，表示部分否定。例： We are not both students.我俩不全是学生(我们中有一人不是学生)。neither/none表示全部否定，
12、且本身有否定含义。例：None of us are students.我们全都不是学生。考点六复合不定代词复合不定代词主要由some, any, every, no与one，body，thing构成。1表示“一些事情/东西”：something用于肯定句中，在否定句及疑问句中用anything；everything表示“所有一切，全部”，否定意义用nothing表示“什么也没有”。There is something in his words.We should have a try.他的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。2someone，somebody，anyone，anybody，everyo
13、ne，everybody，no one等代词后不能接of短语，此时只能用some one，any one，every one，none等。I cant find my umbrella.I just put it here a moment ago.Someone must have taken it away by mistake，I think.我找不到我的雨伞了。刚才我就把它放在这里了。我想一定有人错拿了那把雨伞。考点七each，every的用法each强调“个体”，可作代词和形容词，指“两个或两个以上中的每一个”。作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的单复数形式，不可
14、用not each表部分否定；every强调“全体”，只能作定语(即其后须接n./pron.)，指“三个或三个以上中的每一个”。There are trees on each side of the road.路的两边都有树。Every student has to take the examination.All the students have to take the examination.每个学生都必须参加考试。使用合适的代词完成句子1If you want a double room that will cost _another_ 15.2He was holding the w
15、heel with one hand and waving with _the_others_3It was an enormous ship; there were no _fewer_ than a thousand cars on it.4She lost her book and borrowed one from _another_ of the girls.5Theyre all freetake_any_you like.6Very few people, if _any_ still support this idea.7There are four bedrooms, _ea
16、ch_ with its own bathroom.8You can get there by plane or by boat, but in _either_ case its very expensive.9The classroom is almost empty, where is _everyone_? 10._Everyone_ likes money, but money is not _everything_11“Would you like tea or coffee？”“ _Neither,_thanks.”12Your mother would never allow it, and for that matter, _neither_ would I.13Im afraid we cant have coffee; theres _none_ left.14Why shouldnt I buy a new coatI havent bought _one_ for five years.15These trousers are wetIll change into my _others_
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