1、2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习（19）及答案阅读理解猜测词义Passage * So much to do, so little time. So much infonnation, so little time to read it. In this age there is more information than ever before. There is not enough time to read everything wewant to read. However, you can consume more information in shorter time thro
2、ugh speed-reading. This article will not makeyou read 3,000 words per minute, but it will show you how to increase your speed significantly. You will also learn the basictechniques of speed-reading, along with the dos and don ts of speed-reading. When you first learned to read, you would say the wor
3、d out loud and sound it out. Then you might whisper the word because people can become annoyed when you read aloud. The stage you are now at is saying the word in your head. Most people tend to read this way. Saying the word in your head will cut your reading speed tremendously (极大地). How do you cal
4、culate your reading speed? The speed is measured by how many words per minute you can read. Get some reading material, preferably a book. Find out how many words are on the page. Time yourself for one minute. Start your timer and start reading. When the timer beeps, stop. If you counted 500 words on
5、 the page and you read half of the page, and then you are probably reading at 250 words per minute. The first thing about speed-reading is looking at the word and recognizing it. Dont say the word in your mind, just look at it and recognize its importance. Later you will recognize clumps of four wor
6、ds or more to increase your speed. This is the first and most important step in speed-reading. The next step is technique. As with any other skill, speedreading requires technique. You should first be sitting up straight with your book flat on a horizontal (水平的) surface, such as a table or desk. Nex
7、t,you should be able to see the entire page. This is necessary if you want to recognize clumps of words. Lastly, you should be focused. It s hard to read with a lot of noise. Find a quiet place to read. This will help your understanding of the text. You need something to guide your eyes while readin
8、g. Thats right, you should use your hand. Remember when you were little, you would read using your finger. That is a great technique, only now youre using your hand to underline each line. Move your finger smoothly across the page. No need to go rush, start out slow. Keep your eyes focused on the wo
9、rds as you recognize them while using your hand as a guide. This will increase yourspeed.The third step is practice. Practice makes perfect. Set time intervals (间歇). Read using different techniques, but make sure you understand what you are reading. 1. Which of the following statements is true accor
10、ding to the text? A. Now there is limited information than ever before. B. Now conditions ask people to use less time to know more information. C. Now people can read what they like. D. The less you read, the more time you will spend. 答案：B 指导：我们这个时代的信息比任何时候都多。在这样的时代里，人们只有提高阅读能力，加快阅读速度，花较少的时间，获得较多的信息
11、。2. What is the subject discussed in the text? A. What speed-reading is. B. Why we need speed-reading. C. Now it is much information time. D. People should practise speed-reading in different kinds of ways. 答案：A 指导：本文所谈及的是快速阅读，包括为什么要快速阅读、快速阅读速度的测定和怎样进行快速阅读。3. The underlined sentence you should be fo
12、cusedin the fifth paragraph means that A. a person should devote his attention to it while reading B. your feelings will be hurt while reading C. a person should smooth away difficulties while he reads D. you should pay attention to your faults while you are reading 答案：A 指导：从第五段中可以看出，只有集中精力才能有效地进行阅读
13、。有许多噪音很难进行阅读。阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMy grandparents actively practiced simplicity. They both grew up in very large families and lived through the Great Depression. Saving for a rainy day and avoiding superfluous consuming was their life philosophy.
14、Rather than seeking fulfillment through material items, they chose to spend really simple life together, with family and in nature.Over the years my grandparents noticed dramatic changes in their community. Every year more farmland was destroyed to build larger and larger homes. As real estate price
15、s rose, many of their neighbors sold their little homes and land. Soon theirs were the only small house on the block, surrounded by a sea of mansions. My grandparents built and lived m a small 600-square-foot cottage for most of their adult lives. Lots of family members encouraged my grandparents to
16、 expand their little old house. But they didnt want a bigger place. They loved their little house and were content with what they had.My grandparents avoided consumptive(浪费的）lifestyle by painting and repairing the house themselves. They lived in a small home, but had a huge garden. They loved garden
17、ing and planting because it reduced their grocery bill, improved their health, and gave them an excuse to be outside. They also reused and recycled everything. For instance, they had driven the same car for over 15 years and didnt buy a new one until the old Chevrolet was worn out.Through their exam
18、ple I learned an important lesson: It is possible to live a simple and fulfilling life. My grandparents taught me that living a simple life isnt about self-deprivation. Instead, its about giving yourself the time, freedom, and money to pursue your dreams. Becoming debt free, downsizing to a smaller
19、home, and going car-lite(减少用车频率）are a few ways to take control of your life and start pursuing your dreams.26.The underlined word superfluous in Paragraph I is closest in meaning to _.A. meaningful B. unnecessary C. increasingD. troublesome【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。A。有意义的；B。不必要的，多余的；C。渐增的；D。麻烦的，令人苦恼的。由“My gran
20、dparents avoided consumptive(浪费的）lifestyle”可知他们避免不必要的消费。故选B。27.The communitys changes include all the following EXCEPT that _A.the people built more farmlandB.the neighbors sold their housesC.the houses became more expensiveD.many mansions were built there【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由“Every year more farmland wa
21、s destroyed to build larger and larger homes.”可知社区的改变不包括建造更多的农田。故选A。28.The authors grandparents didnt expand their house because _.A.they didnt accept the family members1 adviceB.their house were really new and large enoughC.they were satisfied with the house they lived inD.they were too old to do a
22、ny house-building job【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由“They loved their little house and were content with what they had.”可知原因是他们对自己住的房子很满意。故选C。29.Which of the following is a consumptive lifestyle in the grandparents ，opinion?A.Repairing the house themselves. B. Planting vegetables in the garden.C.Reusing and recycl
23、ing things.D. Changing cars in a short time.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由“For instance, they had driven the same car for over 15 years and didnt buy a new one until the old Chevrolet was worn out.”可知他们认为在短时间内换车是浪费的。30.The author thinks his grandparents, lifestyle is _.A.unacceptableB. approvable C. unreasonable
24、D. understandable【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。A。不能接受的；B。可赞同的；C。不合理的，不切实际的；D。可以理解的。由“My grandparents taught me that living a simple life isnt about self-deprivation. Instead, its about giving yourself the time, freedom, and money to pursue your dreams.”可知选B。阅读理解猜测词义 Passage *Tides(潮汐)are created mainly by the pull
25、 of the moon on the earth. The moons pull causes water in the oceans to be a little deeper at a point closet to the moon and also at a point farthest from the moon on the opposite side of the earth. These two tidalWavesfollow the apparent(明显的) movement of the moon around the earth and strike nearly
26、every coast line at in- tervals of about twelve hours and twenty-five minutes. After reaching a high point, the water level goes down gradually for a little more than six hours and then begins to rise toward a new high point. Hence, most coast lines have two tides a day, and the tides occur fifty mi
27、nutes later each day. Differences in the coast line and in channels in the ocean bottom may change the times that the tidal wave reaches different points along the same coast line. Tne difference in water level between high and low tide varies from day to day according to the relative positions of t
28、he sun and the moon because the sun also exerts a pull on the earth, although it is only about half as strong as the pull of the moon. When the sun and the moon are pulling along the same line, the tides rise higher, and when they pull at fight angles to one another, the tide is lower. The formation
29、 of the coast line and variations(变化)in the weather are additional factors which can affect the height of tides. Some sections of the coast are shaped in such a way as to cause much higher tides than are experienced in other areas. A strong wind blowing toward the shore may also cause tides to be hi
30、gher. 1. The height of the tide is affected by all of the following except_. A. the position of the sun B. the direction of the wind C. variations in the coast line D. channels in the sea bottom 答案：D 指导：潮汐的高度受太阳、风向和海岸线差异的影响，海沟只影响潮汐的时间。由文中Differencesin channels in the ocean bottom may change the time
31、.可知。2. If the pull of the sun equaled the pull of the moon, tides would_. A. sometimes be higher than they are now B. be the same height as they are now C. no longer be affected by the wind D. be of equal height all the time 答案：A 指导：太阳对地球的吸引力只有月亮的一半(it is only about half as strong as the pull of the
32、 moon)如果相同并作用在一个方向上，潮汐会比目前高。本题必须正确理解设问的意思3. If one high tide occurs at 1: 00 a. m. , the next high tide at the same point will occur at about_. A. 1: 25 a.m. the same day B. 1: 00 p.m. the same day C. 1: 25 p.m. the same day D. 1:50 a.m. the next day 答案：C 指导：潮汐12小时一次，每24小时向后延迟50分钟，题干中所给定的时间是12小时间段，故
33、应是25分钟。*结束阅读理解猜测词义 Passage * Did you ever think someone was scary because they looked different or ate strange food? Well, they might think the same about you! One of the things we all need to do is to celebrate variety. We shouldnt think badly of people from other cultures because they are differen
34、t from our own. Sometimes we judge people from other countries unfairly, because one person from that culture did something bad. Well, has your class ever been punished just because a few kids were causing trouble? Has your whole family ever been blamed for something your little sister did? It doesn
35、t seem fair, does it? Its just asunfair to blame a whole culture for what two or three people do. So here are some things that you can do to help yourself understand other cultures:1. Find common ground! Remember that even though some people look different on the outside, it doesnt change what they
36、look on the inside. They still have the same feelings!2. Dont blame everyone because of one! So lets-say someone from another culture is being mean and you decide to avoid everyone from that culture. Well, think about it Why are you blaming them for something they didnt have anything to do with? Put
37、 yourself in their shoes. How would you feel? Trying, to understand how a person thinks can be a very good way to understand why they are acting that way. Remember, other people may not think the same way. 3. Try to make friends with people from other cultures. You could ask them what they know abou
38、t their culture, or what it was like in their country. Try foods from that culture, or ask them if they know any words in that language. You might be surprised at how pure other cultures can be! You call have great discussions and have lots of fun doing new things.4. Know that people always judge ot
39、her people. If you know what you are thinking then you can help make things easier. Pay attention to what you think about other people. It helps!1. What is mainly discussed in this passage? A. Why there are differences between people. B. What to do to understand other cultures. C. How people feel wh
40、en they meet people from other cultures. D. Where differences between people lie. 答案：B 指导：主旨大意题。本文第一段总起提出面对文化差异人们所产生的错误认识的问题，然后就此提出建议。2. In the author s opinion, one mistake about how we treat cultural differences is that we_. A. cannot see and share what people have in common B. believe that other
41、people may certainly thin badly of us C. dont want to learn anything valuable in other cultures D. try to find the reason for the differences 答案：B 指导：细节理解题。作者在第四段建议我们要find common ground可见他认为不能做到这一点是人们的错误所在。故选A3. The underlined word celebrate here most probably means_. A. to feel proud of B. to expre
42、ss ideas to C. to praise and enjoy D. to pay attention to 答案：C 指导：词义猜测题。celebrate通常的意义是“庆祝”，但这里应是“赞赏”之意。celebrate variety意即要把文化的差异看作是一件好事。4. By saying . then you can help make things easier. the author means you will_. A. make more friends B. know more about the world C. have more fun in life D. fin
43、d fewer differences between you and others 答案：D 指导：猜测句意题。从作者的总体论述中不难看出，他的观点是“只要我们能换位思考，有文化包容心理，那么一切事情都好办”，换言之，“你就会发现不同文化间无所谓有什么差别了。”If you are planning to study in the United States, you need to consider several factors. Everyone has different opinions about where is the best place to live in. Also,
44、 the best places to live in are not always home to the best schools. Finally, many schools specialize in different areas of study. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (麻省理工学院)，for example, is a great school for computer science and technology-related fields of study. However, if you want to st
45、udy oceanography(海、洋学)，your interests may be better served by attending school in a place that is on a coastline or near the ocean.Now I am sure that you know which schools are considered the best in the country. So I will tell you about which states I believe are the best to live in.California is a
46、 nice state. Northern California specifically has very good weather. Los Angeles in Southern California is another story though. Life in Los Angeles is full of excitement and fast, and sometimes dangerous. As for me, I enjoy the time I spent in Massachusetts, Virginia and Maryland and these states h
47、ave a lot of history and culture. The weather is not as perfect as Northern California, but it is still quite nice. My favorite area of America is the Mid-west. Middle America, I think, is home to the true American sense of values. In addition, there are many good universities there.Also, you need t
48、o think about your likes and dislikes and then research the various states. You like sunshine and hate snow? Then you probably wont like the Midwest or even the Northeast. Open space, nature and peace and quiet? Then you probably should stay away from Americas large cities. Are you interested in gov
49、ernment? Then Washington D.C. is the only place for you. Whatever you decide, put some thought into it. The place you live in could be the difference between a great study-abroad experience and a state of great suffering on earth.31.From the first paragraph we can conclude that in the USA _.A.all co
50、lleges and universities lie in big citiesB.all colleges and universities lie in beautiful placesC.famous colleges and universities lie in nice placesD.famous colleges and universities may not lie in nice places【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由“the best places to live in are not always home to the best schools.”可知好大学
51、不一定位于好的地方。故选D。32.What, according to the writer, should be considered first if you want to study in the USA?A. The climate. B. The scenery. C. The study condition. D. The living condition.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第一，二段可知，作者认为想去美国学习首先应考虑学习环境。33.From the third paragraph we can find that _.A.California is the be
52、st place to live inB.California is the worst place to live inC.California is a state with different climatesD.California is a small state in the USA【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。由“Northern California specifically has very good weather. ”和“The weather is not as perfect as Northern California, but it is still quite
53、nice.”可知加利福尼亚州有不同的气候。34.If you study in Middle America, you can probably _.A.find the best universitiesB. feel the real character of the nationC.meet the most famous professors thereD. face more difficulties【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由“Middle America, I think, is home to the true American sense of values.”可知选B。
54、35.From the last paragraph of this passage we can get to know that.A.Washington is the largest city in the USAB. Washington D.C. is the political centre of the USAC.you cant find sunshine in the MidwestD.you cant find any universities out of big cities in the USA【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由“Are you interested in government? Then Washington D.C. is the only place for you.”华盛顿是美国的政治中心。故选B。