1、 2014高考英语阅读理解巩固练习（16）及答案C82013江西卷 CMany people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the opposite. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not lis
2、ten well. Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known asbracketing. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone elses world from
3、 the inside, stepping_into_his_or_her_shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication
4、is under way. The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.Most of the time we lack this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usu
5、ally doing is listening selectively. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in lis
6、tening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we dont want to hear.It wasnt until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的). In about a quarter of the patients I saw, surprising improvement was shown during
7、the first few months of the psychotherapy(心理疗法), before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patients sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years,
8、and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.66. The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in Paragraph 2 probably means _A. preparing a topic list first B. focusing on ones own mindC. directing the talk to the desired results D. experiencing the speakers inside world67What is mainly discussed in
9、 Paragraph 2?A. How to listen well. B. What to listen to.C. Benefits of listening. D. Problems in listening.68According to the author, in communication people tend to _A. listen actively B. listen purposefully C. set aside their prejudices D. open up their inner mind69According to the author, the pa
10、tients improved mainly because _A. they were taken good care of B. they knew they were truly listened toC. they had partners to talk to D. they knew the roots of problems70What type of writing is the article likely to be?A. Science fiction. B. A news report. C. A medical report. D. Popular science.【
11、要点综述】 本文主要介绍了倾听的好处，并通过自己作为医生的亲身体验说明倾听对于病人来说是最好的疗法。66. D考查词意猜测。由画线短语所在句前部分“to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside”可推出画线短语应该是“走进说话者的内心世界”的意思。67. A考查段落大意。由第二段的内容以及第二段第一、二句“Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening we
12、ll is”可知此段主要讲述了如何才能听得好。68. B考查细节理解。由第三段第二句“what we are usually doing is listening selectively.”可知在交流中我们倾向于有选择地也就是有目的地听。69. B考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句“one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的)”可知真正被倾听是最有疗效的医治方法。70. D考查推理判断。综观全文，本文主要说明了倾听的好处，故此篇文章应该属于通俗(大众)科普类文章。“The pen is more powerful t
13、han the sword（刀）.” There have been many writers who used their pens to fight things that were wrong. Mrs Harriet Beecher Stowe was one of them.She was born in the U.S.A. in 1811.One of her books not only made her famous but has been described as one that excited the world, and was helpful in causing
14、 a civil war and freeing the enslaved race. The civil war was the American Civil War of 1861, in which the Northern States fought the Southern States and finally won.This book that shook the world was called Uncle Toms Cabin. There was time when every English-speaking man, woman, and child has read
15、this novel that did so much to stop slavery. Not many people read it today, but it is still very interesting. The book has shown us how a warm-hearted writer can arouse (唤起) peoples sympathies. The author herself had neither been to the Southern States nor been a slave. The Southern Americans were v
16、ery angry at the book, which they said did not at all represent true state of affairs, but the Northern Americans were wildly excited over it and were so inspired by it that they were ready to go to war to set the slaves free.13. According to the passage_.A. every English-speaking person has read Un
17、cle Toms CabinB. Uncle Toms Cabin was not very interestingC. those who dont speak English cannot have read Uncle Toms CabinD. the book Uncle Toms Cabin did a great deal in the American Civil War14. What do you learn about Mrs Harriet Beecher Stowe from the passage?A. She had been living in the north
18、 of America before the American Civil War broke out.B. She herself encouraged the Northern Americans to go to war to set the slaves free.C. She was better as writing as swinging (挥舞) a sword.D. She had once been a slave.15. Why could Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowes book cause a civil war in America?A. S
19、he wrote so well that Americans loved her very much.B. She disclosed the terrible wrongs that had been done to the slaves in the Southern States.C. The Southern Americans hated the book while the Northern Americans like it.D. The book had been read by many Americans.16. What can we learn from the pa
20、ssage?A. We neednt use weapons (武器) to fight things that are wrong.B. A writer is more helpful in a war than a soldier.C. We must understand the importance of literature and art.D. No war can be won without such a book as Uncle Toms Cabin.1316、DABC Like most people, Ive long understood that I will b
21、e judged by my occupation, that my profession is a standard people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how Im treated as a person.Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As s
22、omeone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect theyd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances（泛泛之交）. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then asked me back with his finger minutes later, complaining he was ready to order and aski
23、ng where Id been.I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon （勤杂工） by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers woul
24、d joke that one day Id be sitting at their table, waiting to be served.Once I graduated, I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked .I soon found out differently. I sat seve
25、ral feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that the
26、y never used with me.My job title made people treat me politely. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry.Its no secret that theres a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definitio
27、n, exists to satisfy others needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didnt get the difference between server and servant.Im now applying to graduate school, which means someday Ill return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think Ill take the
28、m to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.17. The author was disappointed to find that _ _.A. ones position is used as a standard to measure ones intelligenceB. talented people like her should fail to get a respectable jobC. ones occupation affects the way one
29、 is treated as a personD. professionals tend to look down upon manual waitresses18. What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?A. Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.B. People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded.C. Waitre
30、sses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances.D. Some customers like to complain because of the waitress poor service.19. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?A. She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professional.B. She felt badly hurt when her c
31、ustomers regarded her as a peon.C. She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her.D. She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior.20. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 means “ ”.A. those who satisfy others needs are sure to be looked down upon.B. those working in
32、the service industry shouldnt be treated as servants.C. those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living.D. the majority of customers tend to look on a servant as server nowadays.1720、CADB A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect
33、the self-made man the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even t
34、he skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.This attitude toward manual(体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even lu
35、xuriously (豪华地) furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, f
36、urthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled(收集) from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional man may talk about wash
37、ing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highw
38、ay in order to pay for his education.5. From paragraph 1, we can know that in America _.A. people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made manB. people can always rise to the top through their won effortsC. college professors win great respect from common workersD. people feel painful to mention
39、 their fathers as labors.6. According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because _.A. servants in American are hard to get B. she takes pride in what she can do herselfC. she can hardly afford servants D. It is easy to prepare a meal with canned food7. The expression “ wait on t
40、able” in the second paragraph means “_”.A. work in a furniture shopB. keep accounts for a barC. wait to lay the tableD. serve customers in a restaurant8. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?A. A Respectable Self-made Family B. American Attitude toward Manual LaborC. Cha
41、racteristics of American Culture D. The Development of Manual Labor参考答案58、ABDB C82013辽宁卷 CHere is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone cant make us tired.It sounds absurd.But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage
42、 of fatigue(疲劳)To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products.But if we took blood from the brain o
43、f an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired?Some scientists declare that most
44、of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes.One of Englands most outstanding scientists, JA. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr.Brill, a famous American scientist, goe
45、s even further.He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciatedtho
46、se are the emotions that tire sitting workers.Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.64What surprised the scientists a few years ago?AFatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborers blood.BAlbert Einstein didnt feel worn out aft
47、er a days work.CThe brain could work for many hours without fatigue.DA mental workers blood was filled with fatigue toxins.65According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?AChallenging mental work.BUnpleasant emotions.CEndless tasks.DPhysical labor.66Whats the authors
48、 attitude towards the scientists ideas?AHe agrees with them.BHe doubts them.CHe argues against them.DHe hesitates to accept them.67We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to _Ahave some good foodBenjoy their workCexercise regularlyDdiscover fatigue toxins【
49、要点综述】 本文是议论文，主要讲科学家们发现大脑本身能不知疲倦地工作许多小时，导致我们疲劳的不是脑力工作本身，而是一种令人不愉快的情感，所以我们在工作中应该保持愉快的心情。64C细节理解题。根据第一段中“But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue.”可知大脑能不知疲倦地持续工作许多小时。65B细节推断题。根据最后一段中“No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety”说明是一种令人不愉快的情绪导致疲劳。66A推理判断题。根据第一段中“Here is an astonishing and significant fact”和最后一段最后两句的描述可知，作者完全赞同科学家的看法。67B推理判断题。既然“一种令人不愉快的情绪会导致疲劳”，那么为了保持活力，sitting workers要享受他们的工作。