1、2014高考英语阅读理解基础训练题（116）及答案【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(四)】CMarie Curie was a Polish physicist and chemist who lived between 18671934.Together with her husband，Pierre，she discovered two new elements (radium and polonium，two radioactive elements that they extracted chemically from pitchblended ore) and studied the
2、 xrays they emitted.She found that the harmful properties of xrays were able to kill tumors.By the end of World War ，Marie Curie was probably the most famous woman in the world.She had made a conscious decision，however，not to patent methods of processing radium or its medical applications.Marie Curi
3、e was born on November 7,1867 in Poland and died on July 4,1934.Her codiscovery with her husband Pierre Curie of the radioactive elements radium and polonium represents one of the bestknown stories in modern science for which they were recognized in 1901 with the Nobel Prize in Physics.In 1911，Marie
4、 Curie was honored with a second Nobel Prize，this time in Chemistry，to honor her for successfully isolating pure radium and determining radiums atomic weight.As a child，Marie Curie amazed people with her great memory.She learned to read when she was only four years old.Her father was a professor of
5、science and the instruments that he kept in a glass case fascinated Marie.She dreamed of becoming a scientist，but that would not be easy.Her family became very poor，and at the age of 18，Marie became a governess.She helped pay for her sister to study in Paris.Later，her sister helped Marie with her ed
6、ucation.In 1891，Marie attended the Sorbonne University in Paris where she met and married Pierre Curie，a wellknown physicist.Marie Curie contributed greatly to our understanding of radioactivity and the effects of xrays.She received two Nobel Prizes for her brilliant work，but died of leukaemia，cause
7、d by her repeated exposure to radioactive materials.36What is the main idea of the passage?ATo give us a general introduction to Madame Curie. BTo show us how Madame Curie discovered radium.CTo tell us how Madame Curie developed as a scientist.DTo tell us how Madame Curie received two Nobel Prizes.3
8、7Madame Curie was given the Nobel Prize in Chemistry because _.Ashe discovered radiumBshe separated pure radium and calculated its atomic weightCshe discovered poloniumDshe didnt patent methods of processing radium38Which of the following statements about Madame Curie is NOT true?AMadame Curie made
9、great contributions to medical science.BMadame Curie was very smart and ambitious when she was a child.CMadame Curie received two Nobel Prizes in Physics.DMadame Curies husband helped her a lot in her research.39We can infer from the third paragraph that _.Madame Curie got married when she was at co
10、llege.Madame Curie had a great ambition when she was young.Madame Curie loved teaching more than anything else.Madame Curie must have met a lot of difficulties to get high education.Her father had a great influence on Madame Curies future career.Madame Curie was very smart when she was a child.A BC
11、D40Which is the right order about Madame Curie according to the passage?amarried Pierrebattended universitycdiscovered radiumddetermined radiums atomic weightewon the Nobel Prize in PhysicsAb，c，a，d，e Bb，a，c，d，eCb，a，c，e，d Db，c，a，e，d36A主旨大意题。通读全文可知。37B细节理解题。根据文中第二段最后一句话可知答案。38C根据第二段内容可知居里夫人两次获得诺贝尔奖，第二
12、次是诺贝尔化学奖。39B推理判断题。根据第一、二句话可知居里夫人非常聪明；第三句可知居里夫人的父亲对她有很大影响；第四句可知她有很大的抱负；根据第五句话可知她所遇到的困难。她当家庭教师只是由于家庭贫穷；根据最后一句话可知她在上大学期间遇到了其丈夫，但结婚不一定是在求学期间。40C细节理解题。根据全文可知答案为C项。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AChristopher Thomas, 27, was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always ti
13、red and was losing weight fast. Diagnosed with diabetes(糖尿病), Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素) three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage, blindness, and even death. And if that werent bad enough, he had no health insurance. ks5uAfter a month of feeling upse
14、t, Thomas decided hed better find a way to fight back. He left Canton, Michigan for New York, got a job waiting tables, nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar , and created , a free online community for diabetics and their loved onesa place where over 1,100 people share personal stories, informatio
15、n, and resources. Jason Swenckis son, Kody, was diagnosed with type diabetes at six. Father and son visit the online childrens forums(论坛) together most evenings. Kody gets so excited, writing to kids from all over, says Swencki, one of the sites volunteers. They know what hes going through, so he do
16、esnt feel alone. Kody is anything but alone: Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, with 24 million diagnosed cases. And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages. These days, Thomass main focus is his charity, Fight It, which provides medicines and supplies t
17、o people225 to datewho cant afford a diabetics huge expenses. Fight-it.org has raised about $23,000in products and in cash. In May, Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean. Even with a staff of 22 volunteers, Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cau
18、se, while still doing his full-time job waiting tables. Of the diabetes charities out there, most are putting money into finding a cure, says Bentley Gubar, one of Rockstars original members. But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now.1. Which of the following is true of C
19、hristopher Thomas?A. He needs to go to the doctor every day.B. He studies the leading cause of diabetesC. He has a positive attitude to this disease.D. He encourages diabetics by writing articles.2. D was created for _. A. diabetics to communicate B. volunteers to find jobs C. children to amuse them
20、selves D. rock stars to share resources.3. According to the text, Kody _.A. feel lonely because of his illness B. benefits from C. helps create the online kids forums D. writes childrens stories online4. What can we learn about Fight It?A. It helps the diabetics in financial difficulties. B. It orga
21、nizes parties for volunteer once a year.C. It offers less expensive medicine to diabetics. D. It owns a well-known medical website.5. The last paragraph suggests that Thomas _.A. works full-time in a diabetes charity B. employs 22 people for his websiteC. helps diabetics in his own way D. ties to fi
22、nd a cure for diabetes【参考答案】15、CABAC BAsk someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are
23、dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place. The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical households waste
24、 in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases w
25、hich go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming
26、round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This
27、 is especially true of food. But is also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary. There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realise just how much unnecessary material are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness o
28、f our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.6. What does the underlined phrase “over-consumption” refer to? A. Using too much packaging. B. Recycling too many wastes.C. Making more products than necessary. D. Having more material than is needed.7. The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 t
29、o show _.A. the tendency of cutting household waste B. the increase of packaging recyclingC. the rapid growth of super markets D. the fact of packaging overuse 8. According to the text, recycling _.A. helps control the greenhouse effect B. means burning packaging for energyC. is the solution to gas
30、shortage D. leads to a waste of land9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A. Unpackaged products are of bad quality. B. Supermarkets care more about packaging.C. It is improper to judge quality by packaging. D. Other products are better packaged than food.10. What can we learn from the last parag
31、raph?A. Fighting wastefulness is difficult. B. Needless material is mostly recycled.C. People like collecting recyclable waste. D. The author is proud of their consumer culture.【参考答案】610、DDACA 【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(四)】DLiving in the wild can be hard.Finding food and staying safe arent easy.Each day，anima
32、ls struggle to survive in their habitats.Not all animals get by on their own.Some animals form a close partnership with other kinds of animals.These pairings are called symbiotic (共生的) relationships.In a symbiotic relationship，the animals depend on each other.One animal helps the other meet its need
33、s.Sounds good，right? Not always.Some animals are not very kind to their partners.In some cases，one animal meets its needs but hurts its partner.Take ticks，for example.These insects suck blood to live.To get blood，they attach themselves to other kinds of animals.Ticks can pass germs that cause diseas
34、e instead of helping their hosts.In other relationships，animals dont treat their partners so poorly.Both animals benefit from living with the other animals.Small animals called cleaner shrimps have found a way of helping fish at coral reefs.As their name suggests，the shrimps clean the fish.They hang
35、 out at what scientists call a cleaning station.A fish stops by.Then a shrimp climbs onto the fish and even steps into the fishs mouth.The shrimp uses its tiny claws to pick stuff off the fishs body.That can include dead skin，tiny pieces of food，and wee creatures that can hurt the fish.The fish gets
36、 a nice cleaning.The shrimp enjoys a tasty meal of fish trash.Small birds called plovers are also in the cleaning business.They have big customerscrocodiles.Crocs have long snouts (鼻子) filled with sharp teeth.Cleaning them is tricky.When a croc opens its mouth，the plover hops right in.The croc does
37、not snap its snout shut.Instead，it lets the plover eat small，harmful animals attached to the crocodiles teeth.The plover gets an easy meal while the croc gets clean teeth.41The text is mainly about _.Athe hard life in the wildBsome dangerous animalsCanimals living togetherDanimals in a symbiotic rel
38、ationship42According to the text，in a symbiotic relationship，_.Aanimals depend on each otherBbirds depend on animals for foodCboth sides can get helpDnot all animals treat their partners well43Why do the cleaner shrimps clean the fish?ATo get fish trash for food.BTo eat wee creatures.CTo help fish g
39、o out of coral reefs.DTo get food for fish.44When plovers hop into crocodiles mouths，they _.Aare really to clean crocodiles teethBare to make crocodiles happyCarent afraid of being eatenDarent happy to clean the crocodiles teeth45According to the text，it can be inferred that _.Aliving in the wild ca
40、n be hardBdifferent animals have different living waysCcrocodiles mainly live on plovers来源: Dticks are useful to some animals41D主旨大意题。本文主要是介绍了生物界的一种共生现象，也就是说生物之间相互依存，相互帮助。故答案选D项。选项C表达语意不准确，表达范围太广。42D深层理解题。由文章第二、三、四段可知，有共生现象的动物中，有的是相互得到帮助，而有的是单方面的。故答案为D项。43A细节理解题。由文章第四段可知，cleaner shrimps之所以要帮助鱼清理垃圾，主要是因为想得到它们想吃的食物fish trash。故答案为A项。44C细节理解题。由文章最后一段可知，plovers是不担心被鳄鱼咬伤的，因为鳄鱼是希望plovers这样做的，而对于plovers而言，其真正的目的是为了得到自己的食物。故答案为C项。45B推理判断题。文章第一段就提到有些动物是靠自己去捕捉食物，而文章又举例讲了一些动物是靠共生来获取食物的，也就是说不同的动物有不同的方式来生存，所以答案为B项。选项A是文章直接叙述的；选项C表达与原文不一致；选项D是无法推断出的。