1、2014高考英语阅读理解基础训练精品题（114）及答案Passage seven(Stricter Traffic Law can Prevent Accidents) From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and su
2、rgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, wo
3、men and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a st
4、eering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggress
5、ive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving. The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour. Everything is done fo
6、r his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a wo
7、rld code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here a
8、re a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least
9、21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a persons driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all
10、 roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as to severe if tit results in reducing the
11、 annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.1.The main idea of this passage isA Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.Thousands of people the world over are killed each year.C The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.D Only stricter tra
12、ffic laws can prevent accidents.2.What does the author think of society toward motorists?A Society smiles on the motorists.Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.C Victims of accidents are nothing.D Society condones their rude driving.3.Why does the author say: his car becomes the extensio
13、n of his personality?A Driving can show his real self.Driving can show the other part of his personality.C Driving can bring out his character.D His car embodies his temper.4.Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?A Build more highways.Stricter driving tests.C Te
14、st drivers every three years.D raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.5.The attitude of the author isA ironical criticalC appealingD militantVocabulary1.immunise 使免疫，使免除 2.expectation of life = life expectancy 平均寿命3.versus = against 对顶，反对4.mutilate 伤害5.wilful 任性的，固执的6.benign 宽厚的，仁慈的7.con
15、done 宽容8.desecrate 亵渎，玷污9.code 法规，规定，惯例10.stringent 严格的，紧急的，迫切的11.performance 演出，成品，这里是指 car s behavior such as speed, function etc.可译成行为， 汽车行为、功能等。难句译注1.Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.【参考译文】人和汽车对抗！这是一场人类永远是输家的无休止的战斗。2.All advertising stressing power and p
16、erformance should be banned.【参考译文】应当禁止所有强调力量和表现行为的广告。写作方法与文章大意文章论述“交通事故”，采用因果、对比手法。从人的平均寿命增加和交通事故率成正比谈起，触及事故率上升的原因，要求制定更严格的法规予以制止种种造成事故的不良行为。答案详解1.D 只有更严格的交通法规才能制止交通事故。这在最后一段的结论中体现的最清楚。前面几段只是讲造成事故的种种原因。其目的就是：“是制定世界交通法规以减少无谓的生命浪费的时候了。对于开车，有些国家的法规太松弛，甚至最严格的国家也不够严格。世界公认之法律只可能对交通事故率起大大降低的作用（有非常好的效果。）”这里
17、列出几件要干的事：“驾驶测试应当标准化，比现在的要严格；所有死机每三年考核一次；年轻人驾车的允许年龄应提高到21岁；全部机动车每年都应经过严格的安全测试（测定其安全性）这些步骤可能听起来异常严厉，可是，如果其结果事减少每年死伤人数的话，就不存在什么太严格的事了。”A. 主要是机动车死机造成的交通事故。 B. 全世界每年有几千人丧生。 C. 有些国家的交通法规太松弛。这三道答案都是文中谈到某一点，不能作为中心目的。2.D 社会宽容这种野蛮开车行径。答案就在第三段：“令人惊讶的是社会对司机宽厚地笑笑，似乎宽容他们的行为。一切都为他们的方便而干。人们允许城市由于交通拥挤而几乎不能居住了，大型停车场把
18、城镇“弄得”丑陋不堪，公路网玷污了乡村，每年大量的杀伤仅仅成为统计数字，被很容易地忘记。”A. 社会对司机笑容可掬。B. 大型停车场建在市和镇上。C. 交通死难者等于零。这三项都只是第三段的一个个具体事实。社会正是通过这一件件事来宽容司机野蛮开车，而造成事故。3.A “他的车就是他个性的外延”这句话就体现了“开车表现他真正的自我，真实的个性”。第二段讲的很清楚：“这么说完全正确：当一个人坐在方向盘后，他的车就成为他个性的外延。毫无疑问，汽车常常表现了人之最坏的品质。平常很安详愉快的人一坐在方向盘后可能就变得难以认识。他们咒骂、行为差劲、好斗、固执、任性得就像两岁的孩子。他们所有隐藏的失落、失望
19、和忌妒感，似乎都在开车中暴露出来”。B. 表现他个性的另一面。 C. 表现了他的性格。 D. 他的车体现了他的脾气秉性。只是表现自我中的某个事实。4.A 只有建更多高速公路。没有提。B. 更难的测试。C. 每三年对司机进行一次考察。 D. 提高年龄段和制定安全条例。都提到。见第一题译注。5.B 批评的态度。文章第一、二、三段指出了造成交通事故的原因，呼吁各国制定严格的交通法规，批评现有的交通法规松弛不严格，最后指出世界是人类的，不是摩托车的等等，都说明作者对上述种种都具批评的态度。A. 讽刺的。 C. 哀求的、呼吁的。 D. 富有战斗性的。阅读理解-C Farm-raised pigs are
20、 dirty, smelly animals that get no respect. Theyre also an environmental hazard. Their manure(粪便)contains phosphorus(磷)，which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and rivers, consuming oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae(藻类)overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases. Doing away with the pig is not
21、an option. Pigs provide more dietary protein, more cheaply, to more people than any other animal. Northern Europe still maintains the highest pig-to-human ratio(比率)in the world (2-1 in Denmark), but East Asia is catching up. During the 1990s, pork production doubled in Vietnam and grew by 70 percent
22、 in Chinaalong densely populated coastlines, pig density exceeds 100 animals per square kilometer. The resulting pollution is “threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves(红树林)，coral reefs and sea grasses ,”according to a report released in February by the Food and Agriculture Org
23、anization of the United Nations.As it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public. Two Canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesnt contain very much phosphorus at all. If this variety of pig were adopte
24、d widely, It could greatly reduce a major source of pollution. But the Enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modificationwhich is anathema(忌讳) to many Westerners. The Enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food supporters in a quandar
25、y: should they remain categorically(无条件) opposed to genetically modified (GM)foods even at the expense of the environment? Elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach(漂白剂) in waste water from paper mi
26、lls. The most significant GM applications will be ones that help lessen the problem of agriculture , which accounts for 38percent of the worlds landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats.Chances are, farmers will continue to grow their polluting organic pork, their allergen
27、ic(引起过敏的)organic soy and their neurotoxin(神经毒素) sprayed organic apples. Worse still, they will make sure that no one else gets a choice in the matter of improving the conditions of life on earthunless, that is, others rise up and demand an alternative.11.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.
28、Pigs bring more destruction than benefit to human beings.B. No other countries have the higher percentage of pig-to-human than East Asia.C. The pork production has increased to 70 in China.D. The pollution brought by pigs is a killer to the creature of the sea.12. The reason accounting for the hesit
29、ation to accept the idea of the Enviropig is_.A. the poor technology B. the high costC. the moral concept D. the doubt from the public13. What does the underlined word “quandary” mean?A. an agreement B. a negotiationC. a dilemma D. an adventure14. The negative influence brought by the traditional ag
30、riculture is_-.A. more living space occupation B. more crop improvementC. more food production D. more chemical application15. What is the best title of the passage?A. How to Raise Pigs B. Whether to choose the GM FoodsC. Whats GM Foods D. The Pollution Brought by Pigs【参考答案】1115、DCCAB 阅读理解-D Whether
31、 it is “women and children first” or “every man for himself” in a shipwreck(船只失事) may depend on how long it takes the ship to sink, researchers said recently. When the Lusitania was torpedoed（用鱼雷攻击） by a German ship in 1915, it sank in 18 minutes and the majority of the survivors were young men and
32、women who responded immediately to their powerful survival instincts（本能）. But when the Titanic struck an iceberg in 1912, it took “three hours to go down, allowing time for more civilize(文明的) behavior to take controland the majority of the survivors were women, children and people with young childre
33、n. Economist Benno Torgler of the Queensland University of Technology in Australia and his colleagues studied the two sinkings in order to explore the economic theory that people generally behave in a “rational”(理性的) and selfish manner. The two tragedies provided a “natural experiment” for testing t
34、he idea, because the passengers on the two ships were quite similar in terms of gender (性别) and wealth. The major difference was how long it took the ships to sink. They suggested that when people have little time to react, instincts may rule. When more time is available, social influences play a bi
35、gger role. But psychologists(心理学家) noted that many factors other than following social norms could come into play in a disaster, including an evolutionary urge to save the species, attachments(依恋) that are formed between individuals during the event and the leadership of authority figures.The extent
36、 (程度) of altruism (利他主义) and how it occurs “is a very controversial issue,” said Anthony R. Mawson, a professor of preventive medicine at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.He thinks the dominant(主宰的) response was attachment behavior. Psychologist Daniel Kruger of the University of Michiga
37、n, US thinks that the answer lies less in social norms and more in our evolutionary heritage. Human beings have a deep instinct to preserve our kind, he said, and that means “people are more likely to save those who have higher reproductive value, namely the young and women in child-bearing years”.
38、Kruger also stressed the importance of leadership during a disaster, noting that the Titanics captain appeared to have greater control than the Lusitanias.16. According to Benno Torgler, what led to the different results between the two shipwrecks?A. The survival instinct. B. The civilized behavior.
39、C. The leadership of the captain. D. The length of time.17. Which of the follwing explanations for the two sinkings will be accepted by psychologists?A. Human beings are born to be selfish.B. The well-off will be likely to survive.C. Social status will play a decisive role in survival.D. Human survi
40、val is more significant than that of the individuals.18. The following factors have something to do with disasters behaviors EXCEPT_.A. leadership B. social division of labor C. a feeling of affection D. social regulations19. According to Daniel Kruger, the young and women in child-bearing years tak
41、e the priority to survive because_.A. they make a contribution to human continuity B. they deserve everybodys sympathyC. they have stronger survival instincts D. they are the weak who need protecting20. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The passage is mainly about two sinkings that had differe
42、nt result about survivals.B. The passage shows us the true causes that resulted in the two shipwrecks.C. The passage gives us a definite explanation about the different consequence of survivals of the two shipwrecks.D. The passage gives us various possible analyses about the disaster behaviors.【参考答案】1620、DDBAD