1、2014高考英语阅读理解基础全程训练（18）及答案较难题目特训：科普知识类In the long discussion of water on the Moon, a new study contradicts (与相矛盾) some recent reports that say the Moon had water at the time of its formation. A group of researchers reports in the journal Science that when the Moon was created, some 4. 5 billion years
2、 ago, there was not much hydrogen (氢气) on it, and therefore no water. The researchers surveyed and evaluated this by analyzing chlorine isotopes found in lunar rock samples from Apollo missions. The range of chlorine (氯) isotopes in lunar samples was 25 times that found in samples from Earth. “If th
3、e Moon had significant levels of hydrogen, as Earth did, this range would have been far less,” said Zachary D. Sharp, a scientist in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and the studys lead author. “The chlorine would have stuck together with hydrogen, forming compounds like hydrogen chlor
4、ide, and escaped from the Moons surface,”he said. The abundance of chlorine indicates a lack of hydrogen and water. “The amount of water on the Moon was way too low for life to have ever have possibly have existed there,” he said. Most scientists believe the Moon was formed when a large object struc
5、k Earth, breaking off a chunk (a vast piece) that has since orbited Earth. On Earth, goes one theory, water was released as steam from molten basalts (玄武岩) over time, eventually forming bodies of water. “An understanding of whether the Moon was dry or wet will help us understand how water appeared o
6、n Earth,” Dr. Sharp said. 1. A new study indicates thaton the moon. A. there is plenty of waterB. water is unlikely to exist C. water existed in the pastD. there is a little water now2. The author would like to tell usthrough the sixth paragraph. A. why there is no water on the MoonB. how the Moon w
7、as formed C. when the Earth struck the MoonD. where the Moon orbited 3. What does the underlined word “this” stand for in the second paragraph? A. Neither hydrogen nor water on the Moon. B. Too much chlorine isotopes on the Moon. C. Not being much hydrogen, no water on the Moon. D. More chlorine exi
8、sts on the Moon than Earth. 4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. Zachary D. Sharp, a scientist of New Mexico was in charge of the new study. B. Chlorine isotopes are 25 times in lunar larger than Earth. C. The more abundant chloride, the shorter hydrogen and water. D. T
9、he new study is beneficial to understand how water appeared on Earth. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. There are enough water on the Earth. B. Hydrogen chloride easily escaped from the Moons surface. C. The Earth had significant levels of hydrogen. D. Water on the Earth is directly from mol
10、ten basalts. 【参考答案】8. BBCBC阅读理解-ALONDON Britain awoke on Easter Monday to a period of mourning for the Queen Mother, who died over the weekend after a life spanning a century of noisy and evident change. The 101-year-old royal matriarch died in her sleep last Saturday with Queen Elizabeth, her elder
11、 and only surviving daughter, at her bedside. For a woman who was one of the best-known figures in Britain for more than 80 years from the era of tinted portraits on tin biscuit boxes and cigarette cards to the age of the Internet, the Queen Mother remained an enigmatic(不可思议的) and elusive(躲避的) figur
12、e. She achieved such a respect through aeons(永世, 亿万年) of, first, fawning and, later, intrusive media fascination, by remaining almost entirely silent. Her private thoughts were never paraded(炫耀) in public. What the public saw was a charming and benign elderly lady, adept at winning the admiration of
13、 press photographers, whom she always favoured with a particular smile. CHINAs third unmanned spacecraft, Shenzhou , landed safely in central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Monday afternoon, after orbiting the earth 108 times in slightly less than a week. The craft, which lifted off from Jiuquan i
14、n Gansu Province last Monday night, landed after successfully conducting a chain of flight and scientific experiments over a period of 162 hours. A powerful earthquake jolted Taiwan, killing five construction workers, authorities(官方) said. Over 200 injuries ware reported across the island, mostly mi
15、nor, as a result of Sundays 7.5-magnitude quake. The quake was centred off Hualien, 180 kilometres east of Taipei. It struck at 2:53 pm and lasted for nearly a minute.1. Which of the following statements is true according to the news? A. The Queen Mother died on Easter Monday alone. B. The Queen Mot
16、her was an attractive person in her political life. C. The British people felt sorry for the death of the Queen Mother. D. The Queen Mother was suffering a lot when she was dying.答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由第二段首句 “She achieved such a respect through aeons of,”可推断，皇太后赢得了永世的尊重，人们对她的去世会感到遗憾。故C选项正确。由第一段第二句话 “The
17、101-year-old royal matriarch died in her sleep last Saturday with Queen Elizabeth, her elder and only surviving daughter, at her bedside.” 可知，皇太后在安睡中去世，当时女儿伊丽莎白女王陪在她的床边，故A、D选项错误。由第二段后面的内容 “Her private thoughts were never paraded in public. What the public saw was a charming and benign elderly lady,
18、adept at winning the admiration of press photographers, whom she always favoured with a particular smile.”可知，她的个人思想从未在公众面前炫耀过，公众看到的总是面带微笑的她在媒体照片中出现，故可推断，她并未从政，故B选项错误。 2. It can be inferred that _.A. the craft landed in central Inner Mongolia unexpectedlyB. it took the craft at least 2 hours to orbit
19、 the earth onceC. the Chinese scientists did a lot of experiments in spaceD. China was successful in sending an unmanned spacecraft into space答案解析：答案为D。本题为推断题。由第三段的第一句话 “CHINAs third unmanned spacecraft, Shenzhou , landed safely in central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Monday afternoon, ” 可知，无人飞船
20、已经安全着陆，故D选项正确，A选项错误。B选项未提及；由首句的关键词 “unmanned”可推断，无人宇宙飞船上面不会有科学家在太空中做实验，故C选项错误。3. The third news mainly talks about the _ in Taiwan. A. political matters B. social problems C. unexpected damage D. construction workers答案解析：答案为C。第三则新闻报道台湾发生了地震，属于没有预料到的灾害，故C选项正确。来源:社会生活类阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选
21、出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The round-the-clock (24小时不断的)availability that cell phones have brought to peoples lives may be taking a toll on family life, a new study suggests. The study, which followed more than 1, 300 adults over 2 years, found that those who consistently used a mobile phone throughout the s
22、tudy period were more likely to report negative“spillover”between work and home lifeand, in turn, less satisfaction with their family life. Spillover essentially (本质上)means that the line between work and home begins to become unclear. Work life may invade home life when a parent is taking job-relate
23、d calls at home, for instanceor family issues may start to take up work time. For example, a child may call mom at work, telling her “microwave exploded”,explained Noelle Chesley, an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and the author of the study. The problem wi
24、th cell phones seems to be that they are allowing for ever more spillover between work and home. This may be especially true for working women, the study found. Among men, consistent use of mobile phones seemed to allow more work issues to creep (潜入)into family time. But for women, the spillover ten
25、ded to go in both directions. Being “connected”meant that work cut into home time, and family issues came into work life. Cell phones seem to be opening more lines for stressful exchanges among family members. But there may be ways to control the spillover, according to Chesley. Employers, she said,
26、 could look at their policies on contacting employees after working hours to make sure their expectations are“reasonable”. For their part, employees could decide that cell phones go off during family time, Chesley said. 1. The underlined phrase“taking a toll on”in Paragraph 1 probably means _.A. exp
27、lainingB. protectingC. extendingD. damaging2. What is the purpose of offering the example“microwave exploded”in Paragraph 2? A. To show the microwave is of poor quality. B. To indicate how dependent the child is. C. To indicate family issues affect work hours. D. To show work time creeps into family
28、 life. 3. As a result of negative“spillover”, people will feel _.A. less satisfied with their family lifeB. less satisfied with their workC. angry with their troublesome childrenD. unwilling to get married at an early age4. According to Chesley, what is the best solution to the problem caused by cel
29、lphones? A. Refuse to use cell phones. B. Separate work hours from family time. C. Ignore coming calls during family time. D. Encourage women to stay at home. 5. We can learn from the passage that _.A. spillover makes the line between work and home unclearB. cell phones seem to be convenient to fami
30、liesC. cell phones affect men as much as womenD. we can do nothing to solve the problem【参考答案】30.DCAB 阅读理解-BJune 26, 2000 the Human Genome(基因组) Project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic(遗传的) map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed. The scientific and medical
31、communities(团体) are very excited about the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging(延长) human life. But those communities and policy(政策) makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life. For the last
32、few years, the genetic advances in the developing field of biotechnology(生物技术) have provides material for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code(密码) have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the popular
33、 imagination. While European and Japanese researchers are making rapid progress in decoding(解码) human DNA, the leading organization for genetic research is in the United States, which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code” of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal(致命的)diseases. Already, the Hum
34、an Genome Project has become widely known and praised for finding the genes(基因) connected with terrible diseases as yet(迄今), and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or AIDS. Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack i
35、nfections(传染), and genetic diseases. Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.1. Why did the scientists work hard at mapping the human genome? A. Because the human genome can destroy many illnesses. B. Because
36、 the human genomes completion can help them get rid of many diseases. C. Because they wanted to be better known than others. D. Because the human genome can provide a lot of chances of work.答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。由第一段第二句话 “the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging
37、human life.” 和最后一段首句 “Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases.” 可知，科学家绘制人类基因组图是为了驱除疾病，故答案为B。A选项表述不正确；C、D在文中均未提到。来源:2. Which country studied the genes most rapidly in the world? A. Japan. B. Germany. C. The United States. D.
38、China.答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。由第三段首句提到的 “the leading organization for genetic research is in the United States, ”可知，答案为C。.3. Which of the following is NOT true? A. If the genes can be found, scientists can study many new ways to cure illnesses. B. The scientists have made great progress in connecting the g
39、enes with the cancers. C. Many medical companies show great interest in drawing the human genome map. D. The United States began the Genes Study early in the 19th century.答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节判断题。由第三段首句提到的 “which began in 1990” 可知，美国是在20 世纪末开始绘制人类基因组图的，故D选项表达错误。 由最后一段首句 “Once these genes are found and stu
40、died, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases.”可知，A选项与文意符合；由第三段最后一句 “and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or AIDS.” 可知，B选项与文意符合；由最后一段最后一句话 “Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, ”可知，C选项与文意符合
41、，均不选。4. The author suggests that the Human Genome Project can cause _. A. the policy makers to feel very worried and careful B. the scientists to work harder C. many people to find work easily D. a lot of companies to produce many new drugs答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。由第一段最后一句话 “But those communities and policy
42、 makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life.” 可知，A选项表述与文意不符。C选项未提及。由最后一段最后一句话 “Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.”可知，D选项是文中的一个事实，不需要
43、推理，故不选。 结合全文内容和第一段提到的 “June 26, 2000 the Human Genome Project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed.” 可以推断，绘制人类基因组图是一个长期的项目，现在虽然完成了百分之九十多，但是作者在文中也暗示了这个项目需要科学家更努力地工作，故B选项正确。5. The main idea of this article is about _. A. un
44、locking genetic code B. the genes discovery C. the great human genome D. the genes and the scientists答案解析：答案为A。本题考查文章的主旨大意。结合第二段提到的 “but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code”和第三段提到的 “ is unlocking the code of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases.” 可知，解读基因密码可以知道如何打败疾病。故答案为A。B、C、D都不是文章的中心。