1、2014高考英语阅读理解冲刺满分训练（18）阅读理解 In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhe
2、althy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources. Today, sustainable development is a
3、 proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now
4、 trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油)，which is produced without cutting down valuabl
5、e rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%. Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangeme
6、nt of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.The major challenge
7、of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.( ) 1. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that _. A
8、. It makes the world warmer B. it consumes natural resources C. it brings severe damage to forests D. it makes growth hard to continue( ) 2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A. China lacks wind and solar energy. B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market. C. High-speed trains are a low-carbo
9、n development. D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.( ) 3. To full develop the low-carbon markets, government can _. A. cut public expenses B. forbid carbon emission C. develop public resources D. encourage energy conservation( ) 4. We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses
10、 have many chances to _. A. develop sustainable products B. explore new natural resources C. make full use of natural resources D. deal with the major challenge( ) 5. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a new business model. B. To compare two business models. C. To predict a cha
11、nge of the global market. D. To advocate sustainable development.这是一篇说明文，提倡低碳生活。41. 答案：B解析：细节理解题，根据第一段的“Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm”“ must be able to develop in sustainable ways”可以排除A、C、D选项。42. 答案：B解析：推理判断题，根据第二段“China,
12、for example, has set its mind on leading that market”可以得出答案。3. D 细节理解题，根据第三段“targets for saving and reusing energy.”可以得出答案。“energy conservation”意为节约能源。4. A 细节理解题，根据“but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.”可以得出答案。5. D主旨大意题，根据全文，不难看出文章提倡的是低碳生活。Heres a familiar version of
13、 the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes
14、during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this ethereal creature is on a diet. She mustnt eat this and she mustnt that. Oh, but of course, she doesnt want to spoil his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: its the surest way to an
15、early grave. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again.What a miserable lot dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie charts;
16、 gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweati
17、ng in sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast sums for health cures. For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week. Dont think its only the middle-aged who go in for these fads either. Ma
18、ny of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air, water and the goodwill of God.Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserable? Well, for one thing, theyre always hungry. You cant be hungr
19、y and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied. Wonderfood is a complete food, the advertisement says. Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water. A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as a juicy steak. And, of course,
20、 theyre always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. And who can blame them? At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. What utter torture it is always wat
21、ching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice!Whats all this self-inflicted torture for? Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace. Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a gre
22、at day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they hold out their plates and demand second helpings!1.The best title for this passage isA On Fat.We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy.C Many Diseases Are Connected with Fat.D Diet Deprives People of Normal Life.2.Why do t
23、hey never see each other again?A Because it is a memorable evening.Because she lets him eat as much fattening food as he wants.C Because she does not eat this and drink that.D Because eating fattening food is the surest way to an early grave.3.Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned for diet?A
24、Doing exercises.Not eating sugar.C Not eating fat.D Taking sauna baths.4.What is the authors attitude toward diet?A Persuasive.Critical.C Indifferent.D Adversative.Vocabulary1.ethereal 优雅的，飘渺的2.sour 愁眉不展的3.tummy 肚子4.protrude 突出的，突起的5.wage 作（战），实行6.all-out 全面的7.sauna bath 桑拿浴8.pummel = pommel 用拳头连打9.
25、massage 按摩10.weird 不可思议的，离奇的11.monger 商人，贩子12.fad 一时流行的风尚13.concoction 调制品，荤素混合菜，调和物14.wonderfood 奇妙的食物15.lash out 痛斥，鞭打16.at a/one sitting 一口气17.munch 用力嚼18.inflict 予以打击，使遭受19.slim 苗条的，不足取的，无价值的写作方法与文章大意文章论及“减肥及痛苦”。以先声夺人的男女约会入手，引入减肥的痛苦过程：首先是各种减肥的方法（全面战斗）；其次是痛苦的难熬；最后点出减肥的目的。号召人放弃减肥。三段式文章：引言，正文和结论。以讽
26、刺的笔调，步步深入的手法劝人放弃减肥，过愉快的生活。答案详解1.B 我们都该长得胖乎乎，心情愉快。这是文章的目的，也是文章最佳标题。答案见最后一段：“这一切自我折磨为了什么？圣洁的人们不吃饭菜是为了身材优美，不圣洁的人们不吃饭菜得到的是痛苦。当世界上所有的节食者都抛弃这减轻体重显得苗条的课程时当他们伸出盘子，要求再来一份（第二份食物）时，这将是一个伟大的日子。”A. 论脂肪。似乎有点儿接近文章的内容。但文章涉及到的各个方面并不是单讲脂肪食品或饮食问题。C. 许多疾病和脂肪有关。文内第一段提到这方面的问题。D. 节食剥夺了人们正常生活。文内提到，但不是文章的总目的和内容。2.D吃脂肪食品早死。答
27、案就在第一段“当他们来到饭店，他发现这位优雅的少女（飘逸的少女）是个忌口节食者。决不能吃这个，一定不能喝那个。喔，当然，她不想扫他的兴，让他想吃多少脂肪的食品就尽量吃。这是早早接近死亡的最有把握的途径。”这里传递两点信息。一个吃，一个不吃已经是格格不入，再加上“多吃脂肪东西早死亡”姑娘怎能嫁他，他一个人吃而那位姑娘瞧着，确实是难以忘怀的夜晚，他受得了？所以D是最接近不再见面的原因。A. 因为这是一个值得纪念的夜晚。B. 她让他爱吃多少脂肪食物就吃多少。C.因为她不吃这个也不吃那个。这三项都是单独的事实或情况。3.B不吃糖。答案再第二段第二句开始“他们大部分时间对食品都不屑一顾。他们永远向热量表
28、讨教咨询，照镜子，跳到浴室的磅秤上称重量。他们一声都在向臀部大，肚子突出，双下巴绽开一个准输无疑的战斗。有的对脂肪开展了全面战斗。光节食是不够的，他们运动以消耗体重，洗桑拿浴出汗，用奇异的机器按摩和击打。”A.运动做操。C.不吃脂肪。D.洗桑拿浴。4.B批评的态度。这在第二、三段都有明显的表示。第二段开始：“这些节食者是多么可怜的一群人啊！你总是可以从他们愁眉不展的表情上认出他们。”第二段倒数第四句开始：“这些真正有钱的节食大款为健康治疗支付大笔的款项。他们进到“自然门诊”。两个星期饿得要死，每星期付一百畿尼。别以为仅仅是中年人参与这种时尚活动。你可以见到许多青年正由于长期营养不良而遭罪。他们
29、就靠空气、水和上帝的善意而活着。”第三段，“节食者甘愿忍饥挨饿，那么他们为什么那样难受悲惨呢？得，首先，他们总是感到饥饿。你不可能饿着肚子高兴。他们吃的不是食物，全是搭配好的东西，这永远不能使他们满意”第三段倒数第三句“饥饿确实令他们感到太受不了了。最终，他们破釜沉舟，一口气就吞下了五大块使人内疚的奶油蛋糕。谁能责怪他们！他们一天至少三次面对引诱，老是看着别人大口吃着馋涎欲滴的食品，而你自己用力嚼一口水饼干和喝一口没有甜味的柠檬汁。这是一种什么样的折磨啊！”A.劝导的。 C.漠不关心。这两项不对。D. 敌意的。不合适。阅读理解-BGetting into the CityFrom John F
30、. Kennedy International AirportQueens:（718)244-4444Distance to midtown:15 milesTime to midtown:50-60 minutesHours of operation:24Travelers Aid:(718)656-4870MTA-New York City Transit Authority130 Livingston St., Brooklyn 11201;(718)330-1234, www.mta.info. Buses from the airport connect with subway st
31、ops in Queens and Brooklyn: a free shuttle goes from JFK terminals to the A line; the Q3 bus goes to the F line; and the B15 goes to the 3 line. Also, the Q10, operated by Green Bus Lines(718 995-4700), connects to the E,F, J, and Z lines. Bus/ subway fare is 1.5, paid in exact change, with a token,
32、 or with a MetroCard. Reader card#67.Ad on p.43.New York Airport Service(718)8758200, . Operates bus shuttle every 2030 minutes to NYCs Penn Station, Port Authority, and Grand Central Terminal(13) and to Manhattan hotels between 33rd and 57th Sts. (15). Reader card #230. Ad on p.25.SuperShuttle5215
33、11th St., Long Island City, Queens 11101;(212)2097000,(800)2583826, . Doortodoor transportation, 24 hours, 365 days. Look for the blue van. Reader card #123. Ad on p.39.1. If you want to know more about the MetroCard, you can .A. visit .B. telephone (212)2097000 or (800) 2583826C. read the ad on pag
34、e 43 of the bookD. visit 答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。广告类的文章，可运用查读法。题干对MetroCard提问，查找文章的New York City Transit Authority部分，发现最后的内容提到了MetroCard，并且从最后一句话 “Reader card#67.Ad on p.43.”可知，答案为C。2. What do you know about New York City subway lines from the reading?A. They supply door to door transportation.B. They are
35、directly connected with the airport.C. They run 24 hours, 365 days, marked with colors.D. They are marked with either numbers or letters. 答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。本题需要细看文章，先定位题干的 “New York City subway lines”, 而后从文章的 “New York City Transit Authority” 部分看到 “subway stops in Queens and Brooklyn: a free shuttle
36、goes from JFK terminals to the A line; the Q3 bus goes to the F line; and the B15 goes to the 3 line. Also, the Q10, connects to the E,F, J, and Z lines.”, 其中，“A line”、“the F line” 和 “3 line.” 都是地铁线路，有字母和数字，故答案为D。 3. Suppose you want to get to a Manhattan hotel in 23rd Street from the airport, youd better .A. take a bus shuttleB. take a bus by Green Bus LineC. take SuperShuttleD. take a subway 答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。要从机场去Manhattan hotel in 23rd Street，查读第二部分, 在New York Airport Service中提到了Manhattan hotels，接下来的SuperShuttle介绍了5215 11th St., Long Island City,” 故答案为C。