1、2014高考英语阅读理解系列训练（17）及答案解析 第三部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。A(2012河北普通高中教学质检)Thank you for your interest in volunteering with the City of Melbournes tourism program.If you would like to receive an email advising you of the next recruitment session，please em
2、ail tourismmelbourne.vic.gov.au.Volunteering with Tourism MelbourneVolunteers play a vital role in the City of Melbournes tourism services.They provide information on Melbourne for around two million visitors each year.Their love and knowledge of the city and Victoria add to Melbournes reputation as
3、 a friendly，welcoming and culturally vibrant(有活力的)city.The City of Melbournes tourism branch generally conducts two volunteer recruitment intakes each year for the following tourism programs：City AmbassadorsMelbourne Visitor Booth at Bourke Street MallMelbourne Visitor Centre at Federation SquareMel
4、bourne Greeter ServicePlaces are limited and potential volunteers must participate in a selection process based on the following criteria.Volunteers must be：passionate about Melbournecustomer service focusedfamiliar with computeravailable for one fourhour shift(either morning or afternoon)each week
5、for a minimum of one yearteam players who love meeting peopleable to demonstrate a commitment to the City of Melbournes values(as outlined in the online application)More informationTo find out more about becoming a volunteer，contact us online or phone the City of Melbournes Volunteer Project Officer
6、，Tourism Melbourne on (03)9658 9658.For other volunteering opportunities，see national volunteer recruitment website Go Volunteer.56Where will you most probably read the above passage?AIn classified tourism advertisements. BIn a radio report of a tourism program.CIn a book review about volunteering.
7、DOn a local government website.57Which of the following is NOT one of the qualifications for a volunteer?AOwning a drivers license. BEnjoying meeting people.CHaving computer skills. DA fourhour shift each week.58It can be inferred from the passage that _.Athe programs recruitment takes place every t
8、wo yearsBGo Volunteer offers information about Melbournes volunteer programCif you know Melbourne well，youre sure to be admitted as a tourism volunteerDeven though youre interested in the program，you cant be its member right now59What would be the best title for the passage?ADoes Volunteering Pay Ba
9、ck? BWelcome to the City of Melbourne!CTourism Volunteer Program DInterest and Tourism Volunteering56D结合第二段后半部分中的“.please email tourismmelbourne.vic.gov.au.”(gov是government的缩写)和最后一段后半部分中的内容可推测上述文章最可能出自当地的政府网站。57A由Volunteers must be后面的六个标准可知B、C、D三项均是志愿者必须具备的资格。文章中没有提到成为志愿者的资格之一是拥有驾驶执照。58D根据第二段中的“If y
10、ou would like to receive an email advising you of the next recruitment session.”可知本文叙述的是下一次征募志愿者的相关内容，由此可推断D项正确。59C文章第一段开门见山地点明了本文的中心话题，所以C项最能概括文章大意。*结束 (2012河北普通高中教学质检)Former Irish President Mary Robinson was just making a polite conversation with an Ethiopian(埃塞俄比亚的)teenager about her wedding day.
11、The 16yearold had already been married for a year.“She looked at me with the saddest eyes and said，I had to drop out of school，”Robinson said in a telephone interview.“That conveyed to me the reality，”said Robinson，the first woman to serve as Irelands President and former UN.High Commissioner for Hu
12、man Rights.“Her life，as far as she is concerned，had more or less ended.”Robinson said keeping girls in school was one of the most important things policymakers could do to address the coming challenges of an everincreasing population，predicted by the United Nations to reach 7 billion soon.“European
13、countries are concerned about aging populations，but this is much less of an issue than the huge number of people which we are going to see over the next 40 years when the population goes from 7 billion to 9 billion，”she said.“Almost all of that increase will be in poor developing countries，so that w
14、e have a very big challenge.”Family planning experts worry in particular about the future population explosion in SubSaharan Africa.In May，the United Nations projected the world population would reach 9.3 billion in 2050 and 10.1 billion by 2100.Much of that growth will come from Africa，where the po
15、pulation is growing at 2.3 percent a yearmore than double Asias 1 percent growth rate.If that rate stays consistent，which is not certain，Africas population will reach 3.6 billion by 2100 from the present 1 billion.Joel Cohen，a professor of population studies at Rockefeller University and Columbia Un
16、iversity in New York，said universal secondary education offered a way to reduce population in high birth rate regions.In addition to providing information about birth control，a secondary education teaches women to reduce their own fertility，improve the health of their children and allows them to mov
17、e from a mindset of having many children in the hope that some will survive to improve the quality of each childs life，Cohen wrote in the journal Nature.60In the first paragraph，the author introduces his topic by _.Agiving an example Bexplaining the authors opinionsCdescribing the poor education sys
18、tem Dcoming straight to the topic61What can we learn from the passage?ARobinson is happy after talking to the Ethiopian girl.BRobinson is a successful expert in population studies.CRobinson is worried about the population growth.DRobinson encourages female education.62What is Joel Cohens view about
19、secondary education?AIt provides basic knowledge of health.BIt reduces aging population.CIt makes people pay more attention to education.DIt can change peoples parenting ideas.63According to the passage，the most important way to control high population growth is _.Alet girls go away from Africa Bkee
20、p girls in schoolClet young girls remain single Dkeep girls in families60A在本段中，作者以爱尔兰前总统与埃塞俄比亚的一位已婚少女的交谈为例引入话题，所以A项正确。61C第二段引号中的内容提到“欧洲国家担心出现人口老龄化问题，但与人口快速增长相比，这算不了什么。几乎所有的人口增长都发生在发展中国家，这将是一个巨大的挑战”。由此可推断她担心的是人口增长问题。62D由最后一段的最后一句可知，Joel Cohen在自然杂志中写到中学教育可以改变人们的育儿理念。来源:63B根据第二段第一句前半部分中的内容可知，控制人口快速增长的最
21、重要的方式之一是让女孩儿上学。*结束 (2012长春第一次调研)From now on，never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings.Instead，realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born.Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.The seeds，and the power to grow them
22、，are contained in the most awesome machine ever created：the human mind.Success is a choice but not a chance.You were born a winner.You were born rich.You can be a success if only you make the right choice.You cannot be successful without first developing your selfconfidence.Your level of selfconfide
23、nce is always based on the degree of control over yourself，and thus over your life.People with low selfconfidence are people who do not believe that they have any power，or responsibility for their lives.They are leaves tossed(摇摆)by the winds.Everything happens as a result of something.If we can iden
24、tify the cause，we can control the effect.We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe.One generally rises to the level that one expects.We are responsible for setting our expectations.If you associate with positivethinking people，you are definitely going to achieve success.On the contr
25、ary，the opposite happens.We are responsible for finding，planting，and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory，born from setbacks.In short，in all areas of your life，whether they are financial，physical，emotional，or spiritual，you are responsible.Once you recognize this，accept it，and firmly belie
26、ve it，you are on the road to success.64People with low selfconfidence are compared to leaves because they _.Aare ready to change their minds Bare easily affected by windy weatherCdont have the power to face their fate Dcant control themselves in life65The last paragraph serves as _.Aan example of ne
27、gative attitudes Bthe conclusion of the argumentCan introduction to another topic Da comparison between two views66Which of the following might be the best title for the text?ASuccess is a choice BThe secrets of successCDevelop our confidence DHow to achieve success64D由文章第三段提到的“Your level of selfcon
28、fidence is always based on the degree of control over yourself，and thus over your life.”可推知，自信程度取决于对自我的掌控程度，所以选D项。65B由最后一段的大意及标志词语“In short”可知，最后一段主要是对观点的总结和归纳，所以选B项。66A第二段是本文的主题段，主要告诉读者“成功是一个选择”，所以A项正确。B项与D项概括得过于宽泛；而C项则只是成功的条件之一，故排除。*结束 Homeownership has let us down.For generations，Americans believ
29、ed that owning a home was undoubtedly good.Our political leaders hammered home the point.Franklin Roosevelt held that a country of homeowners was“unconquerable”Homeownership could even save babies，save children，save families and save America.A house with a lawn and a fence wasnt just a nice place to
30、 live in or a riskfree investment；it was a way to transform a nation.No wonder leaders of all political types wanted to spend more than $100 billion a year on subsidies and tax breaks to encourage people to buy.But the dark side of homeownership is now all too apparent：Indeed，easy lending stimulated
31、 by the cult of homeownership may have triggered the financial crisis.Housing remains a drag on the economy.Existinghome sales in April dropped 27% from the prior month，worsening fears of a doubledip.And all that is just the obvious tale of a housing bubble and what happened when it popped.The_real_
32、story_is_deeper_and_darker_still.For the better part of a century，politics，industry and culture lined up to create a fetish of the idea of buying a house.Homeownership has done plenty of good over the decades；it has provided stability to tens of millions of families.Yet by idealizing the act of buyi
33、ng a home，we have ignored the downsides.In the bubble years，lending standards slipped dramatically，allowing many Americans to put far too much of their income into paying for their housing.And we ignored longerterm phenomena too.Homeownership contributed to the hollowing out of cities and kept rente
34、rs out of the best neighborhoods.It fed Americas overuse of energy and oil.It made it more difficult for those who had lost a job to find another.Perhaps worst of all，it helped us become casually selfdeceiving：By telling ourselves that homeownership was a pathway to wealth and stable communities and
35、 better test scores，we avoided dealing with these frightening issues headon.Now，as the US.recovers from the biggest housing bust(破产)since the Great Depression，it is time to rethink how realistic our expectations of homeownership areand how much money we want to spend chasing them.Many argue that hom
36、eownership should not be a goal pursued at all costs.67Political leaders wanted to spend money encouraging people to buy houses because _.Aowning a home was undoubtedly good Bhomeownership was unconquerableChouses could save families and America Dhomeownership could shape a country68The underlined s
37、entence in Para.2 means _.Ahomeownership has quite a lot of bad effectsBthere might be another housing breakdown in the US.Cthe existinghome sales will keep decreasing in the US.Dthe result of homeownership is much worse than it appears69It can be inferred from Para.3 that _.Ait is hard for American
38、s to get a home loanBit is the way to wealth to have ones own houseCmany Americans choose to live out of urban areasDhomeownership has made many people out of work70What is the authors attitude towards homeownership?AFavorable. BAmbiguous. CCautious. DOptimistic.67D根据文章第一段中的“Homeownership could even
39、 save babies.save America.A house with a lawn and a fence wasnt just a nice place to live in or a riskfree investment；it was a way to transform a nation.”可知，住房拥有率对一个国家有着很大的影响，D选项符合文意。68D根据画线部分前的“Existinghome sales in April dropped 27% from the prior month，worsening fears of a doubledip.And all that
40、is just the obvious tale of a housing bubble and what happened when it popped.”可推知，画线句子表示住房拥有情况比表面上还要糟糕得多。故答案选D项。69C根据文章第三段中的“Homeownership contributed to the hollowing out of cities and kept renters out of the best neighborhoods.”并结合上下文语境可知，许多美国人选择住在市区以外。故答案选C项。70C通读全文并结合最后一段可知，住房拥有率是一个敏感的话题，一个可能关系
41、国家兴衰的话题。作者在谈及这方面的问题时一直持谨慎的态度。故答案选C项。*结束*结束(2011湖南卷，C)A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct(不同的) species.The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were exa
42、mining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephantsthe Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant.Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列)from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern
43、 elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for s
44、everal million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convi
45、ncing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average
46、shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different specie
47、s. However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes. Since 1950, all African elephants ha
48、ve been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先) for conservation purposes.”本文讲述了一项新的科学发现：通过对非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象DNA的鉴定，科学家们得出结论：它们是两种不同的物种。我们要保护这些珍稀动物。12One of the fossils studied
49、by the researchers is that of _Athe Asian elephant Bthe forest elephant Cthe savanna elephant Dthe mastodon elephant 答案：D。细节理解题。由第3段第一句话“.two fossils，mammoths and mastodons.”可知D项正确。13The underlined word “divergence”in Paragraph 4 means “_ ”Aevolution Bexhibition Cseparation Dexamination 答案：C。词义猜测题。科
50、学家门一直在证明非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象是两种不同的物种，他们之间的分歧使科学家们大为惊讶。14The researchers conclusion was based on a study of the African elephants _.ADNA Bheight Cweight Dpopulation答案：A。细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后一句话“However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA”可知。15What are Alfred Rocas words mainly about?AThe conservation of Afric
51、an elephants.BThe purpose of studying African elephants.CThe way to divide African elephants into two units.DThe reason for the distinction of African elephants.答案：A。推理判断题。由文章最后一段“.for conservation purposes”可知A项正确。16Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?ANaturalists Beliefs ab
52、out ElephantsBAmazing Experiments about ElephantsCAn Unexpected Finding about ElephantsDA Long Scientific Debate about Elephants答案：C。主旨大意题。全文讲述了关于非洲大象的一项意外的发现。 (2011新课标卷，D)Wanted, Someone for a KissWere looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100FM. Youll work on the stations mu
53、sic programmes. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss100.Father ChristmasWere looking for a very special person, preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit.Working days: Every
54、 Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays, 10：3016：00.Excellent pay.Please contact(联系)the Enterprise Shopping Centre, Station Parade, Eastbourne.Accountants Assistant When you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be p
55、roviding assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.Wealden District CouncilSo
56、ftware Trainer If you are aged 2445 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make your own decisions, and to design courses as well as present the
57、m. Pay upwards of 15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV (简历) to Mrs R. Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.本文是一则招聘音乐制作人、圣旦老人、会计助理、软件培训人员的广告。17Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?AProducer Vacancies, Kiss 100.BMrs Oglivie, Palmlace Limited. CThe Enterp
58、rise Shopping Centre.DWealden District Council.答案：A。细节理解题。根据第一则广告的最后一句可知答案。18We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who _.Ais aged between 24 and 40Bmay do some training work Cshould deal with general dutiesDcan work for about a month答案：D。细节理解题。根据第二则广告的“working days
59、：Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays, 10301600”可知D项正确。19Which position is open to recent school graduates?AProducer, London Kiss.BFather Christmas.CAccountants Assistant.DSoftware Trainer.答案：C。细节理解题。根据第三则广告的最后一句可知中学毕业生适合这一工作。20W
60、hat kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited?AOne with GCSE grade C level.BOne with some office experience.COne having good computer knowledge.DOne trained in producing music programmes.答案：C。细节理解题。根据最后一则广告可知，擅长电脑和程序编写的人可以申请Palmlace有限公司。*结束C42012上海卷 The valuepacked, allinclusive sights
61、eeing package that combines the best of Sydneys harbour, city, bay and beach highlights.A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the red Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the blue Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous be
62、aches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cruises(游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood
63、at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.SydneyPasses are availa
64、ble for 3, 5 or 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid (有效的) for 2 months from the firs
65、t day your ticket was used.SydneyPass FaresAdultChild*Family*3 day ticket$90$45$2255 day ticket$120$60$3007 day ticket$140$70$350*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years. Children under 4 years travel free.*A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children fr
66、om 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.69. A SydneyPass doesnt offer unlimited rides on _. A. the Explorer Buses B. the harbour cruises C. regular Sydney Buses D. CityRail services70. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can _. A. save fares from and to the airport B. take the Sydney Explorer
67、to beachesC. enjoy the famous seafood for free D. reserve seats easily in a restaurant71. If 5day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be? A. $225.B. $300. C. $360. D. $420.【要点综述】本文介绍了SydneyPass提供3,
68、5,7天不等的到悉尼的海港城市、海湾和海滩等地旅游的路线、费用情况。69. D细节理解题。根据第一段中CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.可判断。70. A细节理解题。根据第三段中All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip可知应该选A。71. C推理判断题。由Children under 4 years travel free可知三岁的孩子免费，所以两个成年人是240元，加上两个小孩120元，共360元。