1、2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练题（14）及答案 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C， D ）中，选出最佳选项。ARecent studies suggest that family arrangements in Western societies have not changed as much in the last few centuries as is generally believed. Yet most sociologists agree that in modern societies, there are fewer opportunities for fri
2、endship and support from relatives. Parents and children often live apart from other relatives, and seldom visit them. Also, the family moves when a parent accepts a job in another place or when it decides to live in a better neighbourhood. Together, loneliness and mobility (迁移) force immediate fami
3、ly members to depend heavily on one another for affection and companionship. Because the family is one of the few ongoing sources of affection and companionship in modern societies, a high percentage of people continue to marry, even though it is possible for a single man and woman to live together
4、without marrying. On the other hand, because affection and companionship have become so important, families are more likely to break up if the husbands or wifes emotional (情感的) needs are not met within the family circleeven if all other family functions (功能) are being satisfactorily performed, and i
5、n this sense, affection and companionship have become the touchstone of the modern family. 1. It is generally believed that _.A. many people spend their lives in familiar communitiesB. a person can easily get in touch with relatives in times of difficultyC. the organization of the family has changed
6、 a great dealD. Western societies have not changed much in the past few years2. Sociological studies show that _.A. the more the family moves, the less support it gets from its distant relatives B. parents and children live together to make up for the lack of relatives outside the family C. family a
7、rrangements have changed and so there is little need for companion of relativesD. family members are separated from each other because of lack of support from relatives3. The underlined word in the last paragraph may be replaced by “_”.A. resultB. troubleC. functionD. standard4. In the last paragrap
8、h, the writer mainly wants to say _.A. affection and companionship are important for the family and they can be gained from nowhere but the familyB. affection and companionship can come from the family and at the same time safeguard the familyC. there are few ways to gain affection and companionship
9、 but the best way to get them is from the familyD. in modern societies a lot of families break up and its just for the lack of affection and companionship参考答案CADB 第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A(2012沈阳四校协作体月考)Im a volunteer for The American Diabetes (糖尿病) Associa
10、tion(ADA). I am on the planning committee for a oneday cycling event called “Tour de Cure”. Its sponsored by the ADA and the profits(利润) of this event are used for diabetes research and program funding.While I was talking to people about our “Tour de Cure” event in downtown Denver one day, I met a y
11、oung boy wearing a red hat from Oklahoma named Jack. I think he was 1011 years old. It was the jar of red rubber wrist bands (The American Diabetes Association diabetes awareness wrist bands) that caught Jacks eye. These are the bands we give out to people who have diabetes, who have a family member
12、 who has diabetes or to those people who know someone who has diabetes.People wear these for a variety of reasons: in memory of a loved one, to promote diabetes awareness and to show support for people who have diabetes. Jack walked towards me eyeing the jar and then he said, “Can I have one of thos
13、e？” So, I replied to Jack, “Do you have someone in your family who has diabetes？” Jack said, “No, but I know someone who has diabetes.” So I gave him one to wear for his friend.Then, Jack began looking at our “Tour de Cure” photo album. When Jack had finished and was about to go, he looked up at me
14、and said, “Would you take a donation？” I was surprised to hear this from a 1011yearold boy, but I said, “Yes.” I took the lid of our donation container off as Jack was reaching into his pocket. His hand came out clinched around the donation he was about to make. It was my impression that what he had
15、 in his hand was everything he had in his pocket, as he did not count it. After Jack dropped his donation into the container, I gave him a highfive, as I so often do to acknowledge an accomplishment or an appreciation. I also gave him a handshake before he parted. After Jack left, I counted his gift
16、$3.00. I then realized that he gave all he had, without counting the cost.The heart of a child made me smile that day. Thank you, Jack.文章大意：我在为美国糖尿病协会作志愿者时，一个名叫杰克的小孩的善心捐赠深深感动了我。56What attracted Jack to walk towards the author?A. The jarB. The hatC. The photo albumD. The donation container57It was pr
17、obable that Jack wore a wrist band to_.A. prove his confidence in fighting diabetesB. promote his strong diabetes awarenessC. express his love for his family membersD. support his friend who has diabetes58That Jack wanted to make a donation surprised the author because the author thought_.A. Jack wa
18、s telling a lie to himB. Jack was playing a joke on himC. Jack was brave enough to do soD. Jack was a great person for his age59What would be the best title of the passage?A. A lovely boy I metB. The heart of a childC. A moving day I spentD. The donation of a child56答案：A细节理解题。由第二段第三句话“It was the jar
19、 of red rubber wrist bands (The American Diabetes Association diabetes awareness wrist bands) that caught Jacks eye.”可知。57答案：D细节理解题。由第三段最后两句话可知，杰克是为了朋友。58答案：D推理判断题。由第四段可知，杰克提出要募捐，这让我很惊讶，因为他只是一个小孩子，能这么做，他一定是品质高尚。59答案：B主旨大意题。由文章大意可知，本文讲述了一个名叫杰克的孩子的善心，所以B项正确。3.（2011重庆卷）ESkeptics are a stange lot. Some
20、of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the
21、 popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explain why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine. Of course, another explanation is the d
22、eep pockets some big businesses with special intererts. Indeed, Mr. Lomborgs views are similar to those of some Industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborgs book go largely unc
23、hallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”Such one-sided views sh
24、ould have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborgs “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”。A critical (批判的) eye is valuable, and the media should presen
25、t information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. Thats a shame, becaus
26、e matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.72. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?A. People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.B. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.C. People who
27、 dislike the harmful effect of human activities.D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.73. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborgs books?A. Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests. B. The book challenges views about the fine st
28、ate of the wirld.C. The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.D. Industryfunded media present confusing information.74. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_.A. voice a different opinionB. find fault with Lomborgs book C. challenge the authority of the mediaD. point
29、out the value of scientific views.75. What is the authors main purpose in writing the passage?A. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.B. To warn the public of the danger of halfblindness with reviews.C. To blame the medias lack of responsibility in presenting information.D. To show the i
30、mportance of presenting overall information by the media.参考答案 BAADA woman whose sports car was stolen with her dog in it put up notices all over the area that made it clear getting back her pet was more important than her car.“Whoever did this can keep my car. Please let Benjerman come home,” the no
31、tice said.It is not known whether the thief showed any pity, but almost 30 hours after the 1 pm theft Friday, Kimberly Atkins of Dover and Benjerman, a 12-year-old black retriever(猎犬), were reunited after police located them in Barrington.“Hes hungry, hes dirty, but hes very happy to be home,” Atkin
32、s said.The car was found at about 5 pm Saturday off Route 125 in a swampy area frequented by off-the-road cars and dirt bikes. However, the police couldnt control Benjerman, and they had to call Atkins to come and get him.Atkins said the thief cared for Benjerman a little by providing him with some
33、dry cat food. She believed Benjerman ended up drinking some muddy water in the area.She said they have been together for nearly 11 years after she took him back from a society shelter in Dallas, Texas.Before Benjerman was found, Atkins and several friends put up notices all over the city and in Some
34、rsworth. They also contacted animal shelters throughout southern New Hampshire and Massachusetts.The notice stated there was a reward, and also that the dog needed medication. Any caller could remain anonymous(匿名的).Atkins had parked the car outside a hardware store with the keys inside and gone in t
35、o rent a carpet cleaner.“It was 10 minutes and I came out and my car was gone along with Benjerman in broad daylight,” Atkins said. The car thief threw Atkins wallet and other personal items out of the car before escaping from the scene.5. What would be the best title for the passage?A. A car with a
36、 dog was stolenB. Lucky dog was returned to his ownerC. Stealing cars: a most important social problemD. Woman wants dog back more than stolen car6. Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened?a. Notices were put up saying there was a reward.b. Atkins saw Benjerman again.c. Polic
37、e found Atkins car.d. Atkins took Benjerman back from a society shelter.e. Atkins hired a carpet cleaner in a hardware store.A. d, e, a, b, cB. d, e, a, c, bC. e, a, d, b, cD. e, a, c, d, b7. We can infer from the passage .A. the dog was treated extremely badly by the thiefB. car stolen accidents ha
38、ppen frequently nowadaysC. the dog was found because of the rewardD. the thief stole the car easily8. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Benjerman was sent back immediately after Atkins put up the notices.B. Atkins and her friends made a great effort to look for Benjerman.C.
39、The thief gave the dog back but kept the sports car.D. The dog was back at 1 pm on a Friday.参考答案 58、DBDB (2012太原调研)Bake Sugar CookiesNobody is actually sure who created the very first cookie.But the first cookie may have been a mistake.Many cooking experts believe that a long time ago cooks who want
40、ed to test the temperature of their ovens would bake a little bit to find out if the oven was hot enough to bake an entire cake.Thesetest cakes were called “keokje”， which means “little cake” in the language used in the Netherlands.People from the Netherlands brought the recipe to the United States.
41、The word “cookie” may have come from their word “keokje”，Cookies are also very popular in England, but the English call them “biscuits”， as do Australians.Almost every country has a word for cookie.In Spain, they are called “galletas”， and in Italy, cookies are called “biscotti”Americans are not the
42、 only people who enjoy cookies.You can make cookies following these steps：Preheat oven to 150 .Put a little butter on a cookie sheet.Mix together white sugar, brown sugar, butter and eggs.Then add vanilla(香草)Add flour, salt, baking soda, and baking powder.Then mix well.Drop by spoonfuls onto the coo
43、kie sheet.Bake at 150 for 12 minutes or until lightly brown.文章大意：小甜饼在很多国家很受欢迎，它是怎么制作的，又是从哪里起源的呢？文章进行了详尽的叙述。60In which country were the test cakes first made?A.Spain. B.Australia.C.The Netherlands. D.The United States.61What is the first step to bake cookies?A.Heat oven to 150 BMix the butter and the
44、 sugar.C.Test the temperature of the oven. D.Brush the cookies with some oil.62If the cookies look lightly brown, what does this mean?A.They have burned. BThey are done.C.They have become soft. D.They need to cook again.60答案：C细节理解题。由第一段后三句话可知，荷兰是最早制作这些小饼的国家。61答案：A细节理解题。由最后“Preheat oven to 150 .”可知，制
45、作小甜饼的第一步是把烤炉预热到150度。62答案：B推理判断题。由文章最后一句话“Bake at 150 for 12 minutes or until lightly brown.”可知，当小饼看上去稍微有点棕色时，小饼就熟了。2.（2011天津卷）CAn idea that started in Seattles public library has spread throughout America and beyond. The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting ever
46、yone to read the same book at the same tome.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. The idea came from
47、 Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched (发起）the If All of Seattle Read the Same Book project in 1998. Her original program used author visits,study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to H
48、ong kong.In Chicago, the mayor(市长）appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the One Book, One Chicago program. As a result, reading clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city. Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children readi
49、ng to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character. The only problem arose in New York ,where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns,w
50、here a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved .Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all their energy And passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.Ultinatel was Nancy points out,the level of sucicess is not meastured by how many peo
51、ple read a book,but by how many people are enriched by the process.or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.46.What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy?A.To invite authors to guide readers.B.To encourage people to read and share.C.To invol
52、ve people in communnity service.D.To promote the friendship between cities.47.Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the projict?A.They had little interest in reading.B.They were too busy to read a book.C.They came from many different backgroundsD.They lacked support from the locat govern
53、ment48.According to the passage,where would the project be more easily carried out?A.In large communities with little sense of unityB.In large cities where libraries are far from homeC.In medium-sized cities with a diverse populationD.In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached49.The under
54、lined words“shared a word”in Paragraph 5 probably mean A.exchanged ideas with each otherB.discussed the meaning of a wordC.gamed life experience D.used the same language50.According to Nacy,the degree of students of the project is judged by A. the careful selection of a proper bookB. the growing popularity of the writersC.the number of people who benefit from reading.D.the number of books that each person reads.参考答案 BCDAC