1、2014高考英语山西省二轮复习学案（基本句型）一英语基本句型-1主系表结构/S (主）+（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表） 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的：be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示状态延续的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示状态变化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;如：Our English teacher is thirty
2、 years old. The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.巩固练习1：1冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少保持安静。4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。5他失业了。二英语基本句型-2主谓结构/S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓） 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来
3、表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises. Tom has already left.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。如：1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall do
4、wn in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.巩固练习2：1她昨天回家很晚。2会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大41919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。5每天八时开始上课。三英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构/S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾） 本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent deci
5、ded where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present.巩固练习3：1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。四英语基本句型4 双宾语结构/S (主)+VT（谓）+ InO（间接宾）+ DO（直接宾） 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”
6、组成。 如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。 如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell
7、, write, ask等；（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。巩固练习4：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？五英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构/S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾）+ O C（宾补） 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾
8、补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.巩固练习5：1我们
9、叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。 4我要你把真相告诉我。5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 六英语基本句型6 There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a ti
10、me there lived an old king in the town.Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 t
11、here happen/happens/happened to be 巩固练习6：1这个村子过去只有一口井。2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。3天气预报说下午有大风。4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。5战前这儿一直有家电影院的. 句子翻译练习：1. 他们正在面对面地交谈。(face)_.2. 根据约翰说的, 下周将有一次会议。(according)_.3. 他早起为了赶头班车。 (in order to)_.4. 你和你的同学相处得怎么样? (get along with)_.5. 我们对他的安全都很关切。 (concern)_.6. 你是否需要一个你可以无话不谈的朋友?_.7. 你近况如何?_.
12、8. 我们成为好朋友已十年了。_.9. 我还没来得及回答他的第一个问题, 他又问了一个问题。_.10. 我像大部分人那样记日记。_.英语基本句型练习答案巩固练习答案1：1In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.2At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.3Children seldom keep quiet.4Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.5He is out of work.巩固练习答案2：1
13、. She went home very late yesterday evening.2. The meeting will last two hours.3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.4. The May Fourth Movement broke outin Beijing in 1919.5. Classes begin at eight every day.巩固练习答案3：1. I wrote a letter last night.2. I want to talk w
14、ith you this afternoon.3. He has read this book many times.4. They have carried out the plan successfully.5. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.巩固练习答案4：1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3.Would you please pass me the dictionary?4
15、.He showed the ticket to the conductor.5.Shall I call you a taxi?巩固练习答案5：1.We call her Alice.2.All of us considered him honest.3.They have set the thief free.4.I want you to tell me the truth.5.The guards ordered us to leave at once.巩固练习答案6：1.There was only a well in the village.2.Among the guests t
16、here were two Americans and two Frenchmen.3.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.4.The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.5.There used to be a cinema here before the war.课文句子翻译练习答案：1. They are talking face to face./ They are having a face-to face talk.2. Accor
17、ding to John, there is going to be a meeting next week.3. He got up early in order to catch the first bus.4. How are you getting along with your classmates?5. We are all concerned about his safety.6. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to?7. How are you getting along / on recently?8. We have been good friends for ten years.9. He asked a second question before I could answer the first one.10. I keep a diary as most people do.