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2021高一英语寒假作业同步练习题 过去分词作定语(含解析).doc

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1、过去分词作定语1The President is preparing to _(宣布) his new plan on Tuesday.2We shouldnt _ (拒绝;不接受) his offer because the time is running out.3He was a little worried because he had no _(以前的) experience of this kind of job.4_(缺乏) experience, he cant find a satisfying job.5Whatever happens, he adopts an _(乐观

2、的) attitude.6I dont _ (赞成) of smoking in bed.7Life _ (包括) of not only sunshine but also hard times.8In the exhibition, this painting _ (吸引) many people.9Please keep us _ (告知;通知) of any development.10Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious _ (挑战) we face.【答案】1announce2reject3previou

3、s4Lacking5optimistic6approve7consists8attracted9informed10challenges【分析】本题考查单词拼写,注意拼写和词形问题。1考查动词原形。句意:总统准备要在周二宣布他的新计划。announce 表示“宣布”,prepare to do表示“准备做某事”,此处的to为不定式符号,故填announce。2考查动词原形。句意:我们不应该拒绝他的提议,因为时间已经不多了。此处缺少动词作谓语,reject表示“拒绝”,情态动词shouldnt后用动词原形,故填reject。3考查形容词。句意:他有点担心,因为他以前没有这种工作的经验。修饰名词e

4、xperience用形容词,previous表示“以前的”,故填previous。4考查非谓语动词。句意:由于缺少经验,他找不到满意的工作。lack表示“缺少”,he与之是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现在分词作状语,故填Lacking。5考查形容词。句意:无论发生什么,他都保持乐观。修饰名词attitude用形容词,optimistic表示“乐观的”,故填optimistic。6考查动词短语。句意:我不赞成在床上吸烟。approve of表示“赞成”,故填approve。7考查动词短语和主谓一致。句意:生活中不仅有阳光,还有艰难困苦的时刻。consist of表示“包括、由组成”,陈述的是客

5、观事实,用一般现在时,主语是Life,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填consists。8考查时态。句意:在展览上,这幅画吸引了许多人。attract表示“吸引”,语境表情事情发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故填attracted。9考查非谓语动词。句意:如有任何进展,请随时通知我们。此处为keep+宾语+宾补结构,inform表示“通知”,us与之是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作宾补,故填informed。10考查名词复数。句意:破坏环境是我们面临的最严重挑战之一。challenge表示“挑战”,one of后接可数名词复数,故填challenges。11Rosalyns _(雄心)is

6、 to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games.12Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and _(渴望)?13The first thing I became _(意识到的)of was all the vivid colours surrounding me-purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.14I love listening to the famil

7、y softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not _(参加)in the conversation.15First of all, he told me, I couldnt write what other people had said without _(答谢) them.16By the time California _(选举)to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a mul

8、ticultural society.17On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of _(反对)and a great impact on the media and public imagination.18I cannot _(忍受)the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.19Simply phonetics studied and _(分类)from peoples own speech.20She had almost reached her destination when

9、 a delicious smell _(吸引)her progress and she stopped.【答案】11ambition12desires13aware14participate15acknowledging16elected17objections18bear19classified20arrested【解析】11考查名词。句意: Rosalyn的志向是成为下届残奥会国家队的成员。名词所有格后接名词,再根据谓语动词is,可知此空应是名词单数,故填ambition。12考查名词。句意:你认为机器人有他自己的需求和渴望是可能的吗?此空与needs并列,形式一致,故填desires。

10、13考查形容词。句意:我首先意识到的是周围的色彩紫色,红色,橙子,黄色,蓝色和绿色。become aware of固定短语,“意识到”,故填aware。14考查动词。句意:即使我不能参与谈话。我也喜欢听家人用他们的语言轻声交谈。participate in固定短语,“参与”,情态动词后接动词原形,故填participate。15考查动词。句意:他告诉我,首先,我不能把别人的话写下来而不表示感谢。介词后接动名词作宾语,故填acknowledging。16考查动词。句意:到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第三十一个联邦州的时候,它已经是一个多元文化的社会。根据时间状语in 1850,可知谓语动词用一般

11、过去时,故填elected。17考查名词。句意:另一方面,多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对,对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。a storm of objections固定短语,“一片反对声”,故填objections。18考查动词。句意:我受不了架子上烤香肠的味道。情态动词后接动词原形,故填bear。19考查动词。句意:对人的发音进行研究、分类,仅此而已。此空与studied并列,此处过去分词作定语,故填classified。20考查动词。句意:她快到目的地了,这时一股香味阻碍了她的进步,她停了下来。根据she stopped,可知谓语动词用一般过去时,故填arrested。语法专题(过

12、去分词作定语)过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。 规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成;不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。 过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语,但不能单独作谓语。 一过去分词作定语的用法(一)过去分词作定语的位置1. 一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即 放在被修饰词之前。注意:有时为了表示强调,也可放在被修饰词之后。tired visitors疲惫的游客a well-organised trip组织有序的旅行beautifully dressed stars衣着华丽的明星The disease was caused by polluted

13、water. 这种疾病是由污染了的水造成的。 We finished the run in less than half the time allowed. 我们用了不到规定时间的一半就跑完了。He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。2.过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在被修饰词之后。 visitors tired of the long wait厌倦了漫长等待的游客a trip organised well by my workplace我的工厂安排得很好的旅行stars dressed beautifully at the event在活动中打

14、扮得很漂亮的明星The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly. 被日常废物污染的河水现在脏且难闻。 (二)过去分词作定语的时态和语态1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成。被修饰词是其逻辑主语,和被修饰词构成被动关系,且该动作已经完成。过去分词作定语时,相当于定语从句。过去分词(短语)作非限定性定语,相当于非限定性定语从句,用来补充说明被修饰词的情况,通常用逗号与主句隔开。I dont like the book written by Martin (=which was written by Martin). 我

15、不喜欢马丁写的这本书。 It is a house built by the Romans(= which was built by the Romans). 这是罗马人建的房子。The problem, discussed yesterday (=which was discussed yesterday), has been solved. 昨天讨论的问题被解决了。They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack (=which is known as the Union Jack). 他们使用同一面国旗,被称为“英国国旗”。2. 不及物动词的

16、过去分词作定语仅表示完成,不表示被动。fallen leaves落下的叶子 boiled water 开过的水the developed countries 发达国家练习题:21Well-known for their expertise, his parents company, _ (call) “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.(用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】called【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:以专业知识出名,他父母的公司,被称为“未来的旅行”,使用时间舱把我安全地运送到

17、未来。分析可知,call作定语,修饰company,二者之间是被动关系,用过去分词,故填called。22Chinese Calligraphy is one of the many optional courses_(offer) to students who are interested in traditional art.(用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】offered【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:书法课是提供给对传统艺术感兴趣的学生的众多选修课程之一。分析句子可知,设空处应填非谓语动词作courses的后置定语,它和offer是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词。故填offered。2

18、3The young man,_(suspect)of committing cybercrime against a company, was arrested and interviewed by the police. (所给单词的适当形式填空)【答案】suspected【详解】考查过去分词。句意:这名涉嫌对一家公司实施网络犯罪的年轻人被警方逮捕并接受了问话。分析句子可知,设空处和其后成分作后置定语,修饰The young man,并且The young man与suspect之间为被动关系,应用过去分词。故填suspected。24All _ (expose) skin should

19、be covered with protective cream. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】exposed【详解】考查过去分词。句意:所有暴露在外的皮肤都应该涂上保护霜。分析句子成分可知,设空处需填入expose的非谓语动词形式作skin的定语,skin和expose(暴露)之间是被动关系,所以应用过去分词形式。故填exposed。25Meat, improperly _ (handle), is a dangerous carrier of bacteria. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】handled【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:处理不当的肉类是一种危险的细菌携带者。句中有is

20、且句中无连词,故应用handle的非谓语动词,handle意为“处理”,动词词性,句子主语Meat与handle之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故应用handle的过去分词handled,在句中作后置定语修饰Meat。故填handled。26There are altogether some 200 people in our village, the old people and children _(include). (用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】included【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们村总共有 200 多人,包括老人和孩子。分析可知空格所在的部分是句子的状语,故空格处填所给动词的

21、非谓语形式,the old people and children 和 include 是逻辑上的被动关系,故此处用过去分词,作后置定语。故答案为included。27The truck, _(load) with watermelons, was stopped by the police, who wanted to check the drivers license. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】loaded【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这辆装满西瓜的卡车被警察拦下了,他想核实司机的驾照。分析句子可知,设空处应用非谓语动词作定语,truck和load之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分

22、词。故填loaded。28The library _(build) three years ago belongs to our school. (用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】built【详解】考查过去分词。句意:三年前建的这个图书馆属于我们学校。句中谓语动词是belongs,所以空处用非谓语,主语The library和动词build是被动关系,指图书馆被建,应该用过去分词作定语。故填built。29The Tower Bridge, _ (construct) in the 1890s, still plays an important role in London. (所给词的适当形

23、式填空)【答案】constructed【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:建于19世纪90年代的伦敦塔桥至今仍在伦敦发挥着重要作用。分析句子结构可知construct在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语The Tower Bridge构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作定语。故填constructed。30A proverb expresses a truth, _(base)on common sense or the practical experience of humans. (用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】based【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:谚语是基于常识或人类的实践经验所表达的真理。主语

24、“proverb”与 “base”之间是被动关系,故用过去分词短语作定语。故填based。阅读理解(完形填空)Eight years ago, I went to a wonderful school, West Catholic High School, in the United States. I was lucky enough to have an opportunity to study as a(n) 31 student from Ukraine when I was fourteen years old.I remember my first day at that scho

25、ol 32 it was yesterday. I was very 33 as if there had been many butterflies in my stomach. My main 34 was that I would not be able to 35 myself due to the language barrier (障碍). I was trying to have as little 36 as I possibly could. And I almost 37 ,until we had to introduce 38 in front of the class

26、.And the moment the word “international” flew out of my 39 ,I was surrounded by thirty people who were asking questions one after another. It 40 to be the opposite of less communication, but it was so much fun.During the first three months, I 41 experienced a little bit of cultural shock. I think Am

27、ericans are the 42 people I have ever met in my entire life. They always smile and say, “Hi, how are you?”One day, I 43 the students looking at me with doubt. Finally, one classmate 44 to my locker (寄物柜) and whispered, “Is that true that you are a princess and that you came to study here so that nob

28、ody would 45 you?” At one point, I even had an image of myself 46 a crown and gracefully waving at the crowd. People do have a wild 47 !I think it was a 48 oneyear experience! I saw a totally new world, experienced great culture, met a lot of incredible (极好的) people and 49 my language. This trip ins

29、pired me to learn foreign languages. That is one of the reasons 50 I speak five different languages today.31AinternationalBcommonCfriendlyDclever32Aeven thoughBas thoughCnow thatDin case33AsadBcomfortableCexcitedDnervous34ApointBgoalCfearDreason35AhelpBexpressCcontrolDrelax36AcommunicationBconnectio

30、nCemotionDattention37AfailedBsucceededCforgotDwon38AmyselfBthemselvesCourselvesDhimself39AeyeBmouthCheartDmind40Aturned outBfigured outCpointed outDmade out41AhardlyBcertainlyCsuddenlyDfinally42AfunniestBnicestCsmartestDworst43AcaughtBnoticedCconsideredDkept44Aturned upBsent upCcame upDpicked up45Ar

31、ecognizeBharmCacceptDblame46AholdingBcarryingCwearingDdressing47AimaginationBsuggestionCrequestDdesire48AvaluelessBpricelessCterribleDsimilar49ApractisedBsharedCimprovedDspread50AthatBwhichCwhyDhow【答案】31A32B33D34C35B36A37B38C39B40A41B42B43B44C45A46C47A48B49C50C【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己在美国留学的经历,虽然一开始因为语言问题

32、想逃避与他人交流,但是在作自我介绍后作者发现与人交流很有趣,这次经历也让作者经历了不同的文化,提高了语言能力。 31考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我十四岁时足够幸运能有机会作为一名来自乌克兰的国际生学习。A. international国际的;B. common普遍的;C. friendly友好的;D. clever聪明的。上一句提到作者在美国学习,由本句中的“Ukraine”可知,作者是一名国际学生。第三段第一句中的And the moment the word “international” flew out of my _9_也是提示。故选A项。32考查状语从句连接词辨析。句意:我还记得我在

33、那所学校的第一天,好像是昨天一样。A. even though尽管,即使;B. as though好像,似乎;C. now that既然;D. in case以防。文章第一句谈到作者是八年前到美国留学的,本句中的“yesterday”比喻在那个学校的第一天就像昨天一样。此处用as though来引导状语从句,意为“好像,似乎”。故选B项。33考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我非常紧张,好像胃里有很多蝴蝶。A. sad悲伤的,难过的;B. comfortable舒服的;C. excited激动的,兴奋的;D. nervous紧张的。“as if there had been many butterfl

34、ies in my stomach”是俚语表达,意思是“紧张的”,所以作者当时的内心是紧张的,故选D项。34考查名词词义辨析。句意:我主要害怕由于语言障碍我不能表达自己的意思。A. point点,观点;B. goal目标;C. fear害怕;D. reason原因。由上文中的“as if there had been many butterflies in my stomach”以及本句末的“the language barrier (障碍)”可知,作者害怕自己因为语言障碍不能表达自己的意思。故选C项。35考查动词词义辨析。句意:我主要害怕由于语言障碍我不能表达自己的意思。A. help帮助;

35、B. express表达;C. control控制;D. relax放松。由于语言障碍,作者主要害怕不能表达出自己的意思。express oneself “表达自己的意思”。 故选B项。36考查名词词义辨析。句意:我努力尽可能不与别人交流。A. communication 交流,沟通;B. connection连接;C. emotion情感,情绪;D. attention注意。由上文中的“the language barrier (障碍)”可知,作者尽可能不与别人交流。故选A项。37考查动词词义辨析。句意:我几乎成功地做到了,直到我们不得不在全班同学面前介绍自己。A. failed失败;B.

36、succeeded成功;C. forgot忘记;D. won赢得。上文谈到作者尽可能避免与他人交流,结合“until we had to introduce _8_ in front of the class”可知,这里指作者几乎成功避免与他人交流这件事。故选B项。38考查代词词义辨析。句意:我几乎成功地做到了,直到我们不得不在全班同学面前介绍自己。 A. myself我自己;B. themselves他们自己;C. ourselves我们自己;D. himself他自己。下文作者介绍自己是一名国际学生,故此处是说“直到我们不得不在全班同学面前介绍自己”。句中的“we”暗示着此处用oursel

37、ves。故选C项。39考查名词词义辨析。句意:“国际的”这个词一从我的嘴里说出来,我就被30个人围起来,一个接一个问问题。A. eye眼睛;B. mouth嘴巴;C. heart心脏;D. mind头脑,思想。此处表示“国际的”这个词一从作者的嘴里说出来,只有mouth符合语境。故选B项。40考查动词词义辨析。句意:结果交流得更多了,但是也很有趣。A. turned out结果是,证明是;B. figured out弄清楚;C. pointed out(向某人)指出;D. made out看透,辨认清楚。根据上一句提到作者被很多人围着问问题可知,此处是指“结果是”我和他们交流的更多了,故选A项

38、。41考查副词词义辨析。句意:在前三个月里,我无疑经历了点文化冲击。A. hardly几乎不;B. certainly确定,无疑;C. suddenly突然;D. finally最后。因为初到美国,作者肯定会经历文化冲击。certainly“无疑,确定”,符合语境。 故选B项。42考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我认为美国人是我整个生命中见过的最友好的人。A. funniest最有趣的;B. nices最友好的;C. smartest最聪明的;D. worst最糟糕的。下文中的“smile”和“Hi, how are you?”表明,作者认为美国人是她见过的最友好的人。故选B项。43考查动词词义辨析

39、。句意:有一天,我注意到学生们疑惑地看着我。 A. caught抓住;B. noticed注意到,察觉;C. considered考虑;D. kept保持。根据空后“the students looking at me with doubt”可知,此处是作者“注意到”。 故选B项。44考查动词短语辨析。句意:最后,一个同学走近我的储物柜,小声说:“你是一位公主,你来这儿学习,以便没有人能认出你,这是真的吗?”A. turned up偶然出现;B. sent up使(价值)上升;C. came up走近,(为攀谈而)走到跟前;D. picked up拿起,捡起。上文提到学生们只是看着作者,最后,

40、一个同班同学走上前来询问。故选C项。45考查动词词义辨析。句意:最后,一个同学走近我的储物柜,小声说:“你是一位公主,你来这儿学习,以便没有人能认出你,这是真的吗?”A. recognize辨别出,认出;B. harm伤害;C. accept接受;D. blame责怪。根据本句中“you are a princess”可知,作者的同学问她来这里学习是不是为了没有人会认出她。故选A项。46考查动词词义辨析。句意:有那么一刻,我甚至想到一幅自己戴着皇冠,优雅地朝众人挥手的景象。A. holding握住;B. carrying搬动;C. wearing穿,戴;D. dressing给穿衣服。根据cr

41、own可知,此处表示“戴着”皇冠。故选C项。47考查名词词义辨析。句意:人们确实有丰富的想象力。A. imagination 想象力;B. suggestion建议;C. request要求,请求;D. desire欲望。上文同学们猜想作者是来自乌克兰的一位公主,因此这里指人们有丰富的想象力。故选A项。48考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我认为一年的经历是很珍贵的。A. valueless无价值的;B. priceless无价的,珍贵的;C. terrible可怕的;D. similar相似的。下文中的“experienced great culture, met a lot of incredib

42、le (极好的) people”表明,作者认为在美国学习的一年经历极其珍贵。故选B项。49考查动词词义辨析。句意:我看到了一个完全崭新的世界,经历了很棒的文化,遇见了很多极好的人,提高了语言。A. practised练习;B. shared分享;C. improved提高;D. spread传播。结合语境和下一句“This trip inspired me to learn foreign languages.”可知,作者通过在美国的学习提高了她的英语水平。故选C项。50考查定语从句。句意:那是我现在会说五种不同语言的原因之一。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,修饰reasons并在从句中

43、作原因状语,故选why。故选C项。写作(改错)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Our School Environment Club organized an activity naming Green Hometown on March 1

44、2. On that special day, our teachers as well as students gathered on the wasteland of the schoolyard when we would plant trees. We planted trees joyfully together, digging holes with tool. With the warmer weather there, everyone enjoyed the happiness of labor and sow seeds of expectations for the fu

45、ture. This tree planting activity provided with a good platform for the communication between teachers and us students. They enabled us to contribute to build a beautiful and green hometown together. At same time, we felt the new concept of contemporary China personal.【答案】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了3月12日,作者学校

46、环境俱乐部组织了一次名为“绿色家园”的具体活动内容以及这次活动的意义。【详解】第一处:考查过去分词。分析句子可知,name与activity在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故将naming改成named。第二处:考查关系副词。分析句子可知,schoolyard 为先行词,在后面定语从句中作地点状语,所以关系副词为where。故将when改成where。第三处:考查名词单复数。此处tool是可数名词,而且不止一个,应用复数形式。故将tool改成tools。第四处:考查形容词。分析句子可知,伴随着温暖的天气,每个人都享受着劳动的快乐,播下了对未来的期望的种子。所以本句并没有比较的意思

47、。故将warmer改成warm。第五处:考查一般过去时/动名词。此处sow与前面的enjoyed可以是并列谓语,要保持时态一致。另外,也可用它的动名词形式充当enjoyed的宾语。故将sow改成sowed/sowing。第六处:考查动词。分析句子可知,provide sth for sb为固定短语,所以with多余了。故去掉with。第七处:考查代词。此处主语是指platform,故用表单数的it来指代。故将They改成It。第八处:考查动名词。contribute to 为固定短语。to是介词后接动名词building作宾语。故将build改成building。第九处:考查冠词。at sam

48、e time为固定短语。故At后加the。第十处:考查副词。此处应用副词personally修饰动词feel。故将personal改成personally。【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等。(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why。(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。分析第二处的句子可知,schoolyard 为先行词,在后面定语从句中作地点状语,所以关系副词为where。故将when改成where。

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