1、2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练精品（45）及答案【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布社会文化包括经济、政治、文化、科学等各种题材，是高考英语阅读理解的热点题材。它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，比如礼仪、语言、价值观、生活习惯等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。一般一篇文章一个主题，以议论文和记叙文为主。命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节、推理判断。从近年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、细节
2、事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问C.between New York and San FranciscoD.both A and B【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。来源:Z_xx_k.Com2.间接事实
3、题 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin
4、 has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other
5、 proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，Id love to make a deep impression on my T
6、V audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hon
7、gkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。 时文阅读Traditional forms of work also changed. Some people were better at performing a particular task than other clan members, so then began to specialize in things they were good at doing. This also meant that they began to exchange their goods for t
8、hings that others produced.People began to communicate with distant tribes. Land was cleared for roads. Foreign plants and animals were transported to places where they had not existed before. Specialization also give people more free time. So art ,dance and music became important ways of expressing
9、 feelings and thoughts. This was how many great civilizations started.Compared to the past, modern civilization has experienced many changes to become the highly developed society that exists today. Populations have increased rapidly. Forests have been cleared for farms. Inventions and technology ha
10、ve made work easier. However, pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress. As concerned citizens, it is up to us to learn from past mistakes and to help maintain and improve our environment.1 Early tribes didnt have much effect on animal population because_A .they kep
11、t animals for themselves B they ate only vegetablesC they loved animals D they killed only enough for food2 The main purpose for small clans to join together was_A to hurt animals B to seek safety C to share caves D to protect environment 3 According to the passage ,we can learn that_A early people
12、moved to new places looking for new sources of foodB modern civilization began when people started to live together in big groupsC modern advancements are always good for the environment D people began to exchange goods because they didnt have enough money 4 It can be concluded from the passage that
13、_A human progress has brought civilization to the societyB civilization has improved traditional forms of workC early people understood environmental protection D our environment has been affected by human progressMother Knows Best?Once while being prepared for a television interview, I was chatting
14、 with the host about stay-at-home fathers. I made the point that one reason were seeing more stay-at-home dads may be that its no longer a given (a known fact) that a man makes more money than his wife. Many families now take earning power into account when deciding which parent will stay home.At th
15、at point, one of the male crew members commented, almost to himself but loud enough for my benefits, “It should be the better parent who stays at home”. A lot of guys say things like that.I was a stay-at-home father for eight years, so what he said made me excited.It implied that our familys choice
16、could only have been correct if I was a “better” parent than my wife.I think men shoot themselves in the foot with this kind of thinking. I suppose an argument could have been made that when I began staying home my wife was the “better” parent: she had spent more time with our son, could read him be
17、tter and calm him more quickly. And given a choice, hed have picked her over me. But as she was the more employable one, my wife went out to work and I looked after our son.Know what? I caught up. Because of the increased time I spent with him, I soon knew him well, understood what he needed and cou
18、ld look after him more or less as my wife could. Actually, the experience helped me unlock one of the worlds great secrets: Women are good at looking after the children because they do it. Its not because of any born female gift or a mothers instinctwhich I think is mostly learned anyway. Its becaus
19、e they put in the time and attention required to become good at the job.Women obviously get a biological head start from giving birth and nursing, but over the long term experience is more important. When I got the experience myself, I was good, too. As good? I dont know. Who cares? Children are not
20、 made of glass. Other people are capable of looking after them besides Mom.64.Which of the following does the first paragraph imply?A. Men are no longer given the chance to stay at home as they used to.B. In some families the wives are earning more than their husbands.C. The author is telling the re
21、aders that he works in the TV station. D. There are more stay-at- home fathers than stay-at-home mothers. 65. The author decided to stay at home eight years ago because _.A. it was easier for his wife to find a job B. he thought he was the better fatherC. their son liked him a little bit better D. h
22、e was earning more than his wife did66. Women are better than men at taking care of children because _.A. they were born with the ability B. they love children and enjoy it C. they spend more time doing itD. they have learned it at school67. Which of the following is the authors conclusion drawn at
23、the end?A. He is better than his wife at taking care of children.B. He is as good as his wife at taking care of children.C. Either fathers or mothers can take care of children.D. Both fathers and mothers cannot take care of children.参考答案64-67 BACC C52013江西卷 DOne might expect that the evergrowing dem
24、ands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holidaymakers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the longterm future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rockbound Pacific island is adve
25、rtised as the last paradise(天堂) on earth. However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of seaside holidays, overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have
26、 begun to lose their appeal.Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched parad
27、ise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holidaymakers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden g
28、rowth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The onetime farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his
29、 smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasnt happier in his village working his own land.Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go
30、 hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the
31、 countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years time the very things that attract tourists now may well have bee
32、n destroyed.71What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?A. The Pacific island is a paradise. B. The Pacific island is worth visiting.C. The advertisement is not convincing. D. The advertisement is not impressive.72The example of Nepal is used to suggest _A. its natural resour
33、ces are untouched B. its forests are exploited for farmlandC. it develops well in health and education D. it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists73What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4?A. They are happy to work their own lands. B. They have to please the tourists for a living.C. Th
34、ey have to struggle for their independence. D. They are proud of working in multinational organizations.74Which of the following determines the future of tourism?A. The number of tourists. B. The improvement of services.C. The promotion of new products. D. The management of tourism.75The authors att
35、itude towards the development of the tourist industry is _A. optimistic B. doubtful C. objective D. negative【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了旅游业的发展对当地以及环境等方面的影响。71. C考查推理判断。由“Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rockbound Pacific island is advertised as the last paradise(天堂)
36、on earth”可知每个月广告上不停地更换所谓的太平洋上某个岛是“地球上最后的天堂”，由此可推出广告是不可信的，故选C项。72. D考查推理判断。由第三段第一、二句“Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal”可知尼泊尔的例子是用来说明其受到旅游的负面影响。73. B考查推理判断。由第四段后几句“The onetime farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no
37、 longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasnt happier in his village working his own land.”曾经的农民成为了某些跨国组织的仆人，自己不再主宰自己的生活，强颜欢笑来取悦游客谋生。74. D考查细节理解。由最后一段第一句“The way tourism is handled in the next ten years wi
38、ll decide its fate”可知旅游业的管理决定其未来。75. C考查观点态度。综观全文可知，作者只是客观地介绍了旅游业发展的相关问题。C52013辽宁卷 D“Indeed，”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that, Engli
39、shmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightningbug(萤火虫)But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The American bug could
40、 also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bugshaped car. The bug could also be a burglar al
41、arm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install(安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others conversations.Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant“to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying.We also know the bug as a
42、 flaw in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the
43、 two previous nights discovering a bug in his invented record player.”68We learn from Paragraph 1 that _AAmericans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugBGeorge Washington was the first person to call an insect a bugCthe word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth centuryD
44、both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century69What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?AExplanation. BFinding.COrigin. DFault.70The passage is mainly concerned with _Athe misunderstanding of the word bugBthe development of the word bugCthe public vie
45、ws of the word bugDthe special characteristics of the word bug【要点综述】 本文是说明文，主要讲单词bug在意义上的发展变化。68D推理判断题。根据“在1785，华盛顿在日记中使用bug”和“在19和20世纪，英国人停止使用bug”，说明这两国人在18世纪都使用过bug这个词。69D词义猜测题。根据“爱迪生把它解释为小问题或困难”可知，fault和flaw意思相近。70B主旨大意题。文章讲述了bug在意义上的发展。阅读理解-3、数据推算。If you register both the VIEW qualification cour
46、se and the Forum at the same time,you will save_ .A.$100 B.$300 C.$350 D.$400 这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。 3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。来源:学*科*网 来源:学科网ZXXK来源: 考点二、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语
47、的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.We can infer from the Passage that_.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.5.The author suggests in this para
48、graph that_.6.The writer implies that_.7.It can be inferred that_.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that_.9.On the whole,we can conclude that_.10.From the text we can conclude that_.11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that_.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author
49、 is inclined to think that_.14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that_.15.Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.? 16.In the writers opinion,.近年来，高考加大了对学生判断推理能力的考查。判断推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的
50、推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。做题时要注意题干的语言形，如According to the passage.,It can be inferred from the passage that.；It can be concluded from the passage that.等，虽然从表面上看是问有关全文的题，但实际上不用看全篇，仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话，然后得出答案。针对推理题的不同形，可以采取以下做法：1.假如题干中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话)，然后做出推理；2.假如题干中无线索，如It can be inferre
51、d from the passage that.；It can be concluded from the passage that.等，先浏览一下4个选项，排除不太可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句，作出推理；3.如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨，那么推理题，如infer,conclude题型，可能与文章主旨有关，考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处)；假如其他题已经涉及文章主旨，那么要求推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关，如果如此，应该找段落主题所在处；如果不与段落主题有关，有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关，这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文叙述。1.定义法。
52、如:Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is,it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。来源:Z|xx|k.ComThe herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.
53、定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。2.同位法。如:They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m.this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。3.对比法。如:S
54、he is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。 5.因果法。如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。
