1、Section_ Grammar_&_Writing 定语从句()：“介词关系代词”和关系副词引导的定语从句一、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词关系代词”中关系代词通常是：which指物，whom指人。介词的确定方法：结合句意，一看先行词，二看从句的谓语动词来确定介词。The school is very famous. Lucy is studying in the school.The school in which Lucy is studying is very famous.比较：The school (which/that) Lucy is studying in is ver
2、y famous.露西就读的这所学校很有名。Do you know the actor? The reporter is talking with him.你认识记者正在与之交谈的那个男演员吗？The book has opened a window. We can see a wonderful world outside through the window.这本书打开了一扇能使我们看到外面精彩世界的窗户。点津(1)若定语从句中的短语是固定搭配，拆开便失去了原来的意义，则介词通常不能前置到关系代词之前。This is not the book that/which we have been
3、 looking for.这不是我们一直找的那本书。(2)“介词短语关系代词”也可引导定语从句。Towards the evening, we got to a mountain, at the foot of which was a large temple.接近傍晚的时候，我们到了一座山下，山脚下有一座大寺庙。(3)有时候“介词关系代词”前还会有名词、代词等。The river, the banks of which are covered with trees, flows to the sea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。考题印证111(2012湖南高考)Care of the
4、soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.AwhatBin whatCwhich Din which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。_ even the small details of life should be considered是定语从句部分，该部分主干完整，所以选关系副词；先行词是process，表抽象地点，所以选in which，相当于where。答案：D12(2012四川高考)In ou
5、r class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.Ain whom Bin themCof whom Dof them解析：考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属关系，应用of。故选C。答案：C二、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词指代的先行词在从句中所作成分when表时间的名词(短语)时间状语where表地点的名词(短语)地点状语why表原因的名词(短语)原因状语1.关系副词when引导的定语从句当先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, age, day, year,
6、 month, moment, occasion等，同时又在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句常由关系副词when引导。It was October 5, 2011. Steve Jobs died on October 5, 2011.It was October 5, 2011 when Steve Jobs died.比较：It was October 5, 2011 on which Steve Jobs died.乔布斯于2011年10月5日去世。点津通常引导定语从句的关系副词when可以转换成“介词关系代词”的形式。考题印证2(2012浙江高考)We live in an age _ m
7、ore information is available with greater ease than ever before.Awhy BwhenCto whom Don which解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处考查定语从句，先行词是an age，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以应该用关系副词when，故选B项。答案：B 2关系副词where引导的定语从句当先行词在意义上相当于表示地点的名词，如place, factory, room, airport, activity等，同时又在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用关系副词where引导。Guangzhou is the place.
8、 The 16th Asian Games were held in Guangzhou.Guangzhou is the place where the 16th Asian Games were held.比较：Guangzhou is the place in which the 16th Asian Games were held.广州是举办第16届亚运会的地方。点津在通常情况下，where引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词which”引导的定语从句。考题印证331(2012重庆高考)Sales director is a position _ communication ability
9、is just as important as sales.Awhich BthatCwhen Dwhere解析：考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句。position是先行词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。答案：D32(2011浙江高考)A bank is the place_they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.Awhen BthatCwhere Dthere解析：考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是the place，先行词在定
10、语从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。3关系副词why引导的定语从句当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，而且又在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句常用why引导。Many people couldnt wait to know the reason.The famous singer Chen Lin committed suicide (自杀) for the reason.Many people couldnt wait to know the reason why the famous singer Chen Lin committed suicide.很多人迫不及待地想知道著名
11、歌手陈琳自杀的原因。点津(1)通常引导定语从句的关系副词why可以转换成“for which”的形式。(2)如果表示时间、地点或原因的名词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语时，定语从句需用关系代词that或which引导。I still remember the days (that/which) we spent together in college.我仍然记得我们在大学一起度过的时光。(3)the way作定语从句的先行词，如果定语从句缺状语，用that或者in which引导定语从句，但更多情况下是省略that或者in which。I dont like the way (t
12、hat/in which) he treated the old.我不喜欢他对待老人的方式。.用关系副词或“介词关系代词”填空1Is this the factory where/in_which he worked ten years ago?2He did not tell us the reason why/for_which he was late again.3This is the college where/in_which I am studying.4He is the man with/about_whom we are talking.5I cant forget the
13、 days when/in_which I lived with you.6Can you tell me the day when/on_which Change2 probe was sent into space?7China is the only country where/in_which wild pandas can be found.8Ill never forget the village where/in_which I spent my childhood.9I will never forget the days that/which I spent in Beiji
14、ng University.10This is the train on/in_which we went to Shanghai.单项填空1I can well remember that there was once a time_I grew crazy about painting.Auntil BafterCwhen Dbefore解析：句意：我清楚地记得曾经有一段时间我痴迷于绘画。time是先行词，其后是定语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，应用when引导。答案：C2Internet crime is a subject_the world might argue for a long
15、time.Aof which Bwith whichCabout which Dinto which解析：句意：网络犯罪是世界各国争议很久的一个话题。argue about“议论某事”，是固定搭配，故关系代词前面的介词用about。答案：C3Generally speaking, the media can often help solve problems and draw attention to the cases_help is needed.Awhere BwhenCwhich Dwhose解析：句意：一般来说，媒体通常能帮助解决问题并且将人们的注意力吸引到需要帮助的地方。定语从句中
16、若先行词为case, situation, point, condition, stage等词时，通常使用where来引导。答案：A4We went through a period_communication was very difficult in the rural areas.Awhich BwhoseCin which Dwith which解析：a period作先行词，且在定语从句中作时间状语。介词in通常和period搭配，in .period意为“在期间”。故选C。答案：C5After living in Paris for fifty years he returned
17、to the small town_he grew up as a child.Awhich BwhereCthat Dwhen解析：句意：在巴黎居住了50年后，他回到了小时候住的小城镇。先行词small town是指地点的名词，且定语从句缺少状语，故用where。答案：B6Do you know the reason_he was late?Afor which Bfor whatCwhich Dthat解析：空白处之后为定语从句修饰先行词the reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，故用for which，此时for which why。 what不能引导定语从句；which及that在
18、从句中作主语或宾语。答案：A7I shall never forget those years_I lived on the farm_you visited last week.Awhen; where Bwhich; whichCwhen; which Dwhich; where解析：本句含有两个定语从句。第一个定语从句的先行词为those years，且在定语从句中作时间状语，应用when；第二个定语从句中的先行词为farm，且在定语从句中作visited的宾语，应用which，故选C。答案：C8Is this the restaurant_？Awhich you work Bin wh
19、ich you workCon which you work Dwhere you work in解析：空格处为定语从句修饰先行词the restaurant，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故选B，其中，in which where。A项中缺少介词；C项中介词不当；D项应去掉in或把where改为which或that。答案：B9The boys hid themselves in the places_they couldnt be found.How naughty they are!Awhere BthatCwhich Din that解析：空白处之后为定语从句修饰先行词the places，
20、关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。that及which在从句中作主语或宾语；D项中介词in之后应用which，而不能用that。答案：A10The factory_well visit next week is not far from here.Awhere Bto whichCwhich Din which解析：the factory作先行词，且在定语从句中作visit的宾语，故用关系代词which。答案：C建议信假定你是李华，你的笔友Peter给你发来Email寻求帮助。请根据Email的内容写一封回信，告诉Peter你的情况；给Peter提出解决问题的具体建议。Dear Li
21、Hua，My mom and dad have a rule for their kids: You get all As in your exams or youre out. Im only 18. I do my homework and try my best, but I feel the pressure from them and Im worried about what its doing to me. I wonder what it is like in your family. What should I do?Yours，PeterDear Peter，Im surp
22、rised this kind of thing should happen in your country. Here in China parents usually take their children to all kinds of courses after class, which are supposed to help them get top grades in all exams. But in my family my parents treat me as their friend and wont put too much pressure on me and al
23、low me to develop my own interest in art, music and sports. So Im pretty lucky in this aspect.I suggest that you have a hearttoheart talk with your parents and tell them that they should set high standards, reward achievements but not punish you for poor performance. Im sure they will understand you
24、 sooner or later.Hope everything will go on well with you.Yours，Li Hua第一段：介绍自己的情况，以引起对方的共鸣。第二段：给对方提出具体的建议。第三段：提出自己的希望。1、句使用了高级词汇be supposed to, treat .as ., put pressure on, develop ones interest, pretty, aspect, reward achievements, set high standards, sooner or later，体现了作者扎实的英语语言功底和运用能力。2、句连词but和s
25、o的使用使文章内容衔接更加自然、流畅。3句使用了非限制性定语从句；、句使用了宾语从句，使文章句式富有变化，显示了作者驾驶英语语言的功力。建议信是书信的一种形式，属于应用文文体。建议信是写信人向收信人就某事提出自己的建议或忠告，有可能是写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；也可能是写给某个组织或机构，就改进其服务等提出建议或忠告。写建议信要注意以下几点：1你所陈述的建议要具有说服性。要想提出好的建议，必须具有充分的理由和根据，展示出自己独特的见解。2在劝说对方接受你的建议时，应该注意措辞，慎用must等命令性词汇。3内容应简明扼要。在提建议的过程中一定要抓住问题的关键，努力做到语言简
26、短有力、内容重点突出。建议信开头常用句式：1I am writing to express my views/ideas about .2You have asked me for my advice on .and I will try to make some suggestions.3Thanks for trusting me.4Its my great pleasure to give you some suggestions/advice/tips.5Im sorry to hear/learn that .表达建议常用句式：1I would like to suggest tha
27、t .2Why not .?3It would be a good idea if .建议信的结尾常用句式：1These are only my personal suggestions/tips. I hope you will find them useful/helpful.2Im willing to discuss this matter with you whenever you need help.3I am looking forward to your reply.假定你叫李华，你的好友王强给你来信说，他的父母最近总是吵架，为此他很苦恼，问你该怎么办，希望你能给他提一些建议。
28、请你根据下列要点提示，给他写封回信。1等你的父母冷静下来以后，分别找他们好好谈谈；2跟你的父母说，你非常爱他们；3向你的父母许诺，你会好好学习，不会让他们失望；4拿出你父母以前的照片，让他们回想往日的幸福时光。词数：120左右。参考范文Dear Wang Qiang，Im sorry to have learned that your parents are always quarrelling with each other at present. I can fully understand your present feelings, for I had such an experien
29、ce two years ago. Now let me give you several suggestions.First, you can have a hearttoheart talk with one parent at a time after they calm down. Second, you should tell them that you love them very much. Third, it would be a good idea if you promise them that you will study hard and that you wont let them down. Last but not least, why not try to show them their old photos? On seeing these photos, they will think of all the happy days they spent together. Maybe they will forgive and forget.I hope you will find these suggestions helpful.Best wishes，Yours sincerely，Li Hua