1、2014高考英语阅读理解二轮专题训练精品题（14）及答案阅读理解-ATechnology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (
2、制造) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for
3、 a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.Workers no longer started on the product an
4、d labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by todays standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as ma
5、ss production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasnt the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmer away. The increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from p
6、loughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible.
7、Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.1. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of
8、 human power.B. The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.C. The increased use of machines to make products in less time.D. The use of machines producing parts of the same standard. 答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。从文章的第一段 “One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place
9、 of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product:” 可知，A、C、D都在文中提到了。故答案为B。2. According to the writer, highly skilled workers _A. completely disappeared with the comi
10、ng of the factory systemB. were dismissed by the bossC. were unable to produce goods of high standardD. were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。从文章第二段 “Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowe
11、d goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.” 可知，机器批量生产的产品标准高，数量多，这是手工生产无法匹敌的。故答案为D。3. According to the passage, what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?A. Many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial ce
12、nters.B. They stuck to their farm work.C. They refused to use machines.D They did their best to learn how to use the machines.答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。从第二段的倒数第四句话 “They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.” 可知，答案为A。【2014高考英语安徽省联考模拟试题】 DNeeda solid excuse to dust
13、off your running shoes? Joggers have been found to live an average of six years longer than those who dont jog.However, youll have to run for at least one hour a week for benefit, according to a new study in Denmark.Researchers found that jogging was associated with a 44 per cent reduction in the re
14、lative risk of death for those over 35 years compared with deaths among those who did not run.The same benefit applied to both men and women.The 44 per cent reduction translates to an age-adjusted survival benefit of 6.2 years in men and 5.6 years in women, according to Dr. Peter Schnohr, chief card
15、iologist from the Copenhagen City Heart study.Furthermore, the joggers lives are not only longer but happier too as those who ran reported an overall sense of well-being, said Schnohr.The results of our research allow us to definitively answer the question of whether jogging is good for your health,
16、 Schnohr said in a statement.We can say with certainty that regular jogging increases longevity. The good news is that you dont actually need to do that much to reap the benefits, he continued.The study also found that the optimum benefit of jogging was for those who jogged at a slow-to-average pace
17、 for between an hour and two and a half hours spread over two or three weekly sessions.Researchers then compared deaths among the joggers among the non-joggers in the main study pool of almost 20,000.Over 35 years, 122 joggers died compared with 10,158 non-joggers. All the participants involved with
18、 the Copenhagen City Heart Studyhad their cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose, and BMI, measured and they were questioned about smoking, alcohol consumption, education, and income.68. In order to do good to health, the joggers should run _.A. for at least one hour dailyB. for at least one hou
19、r weeklyC. for at least one hour monthlyD. for at least one hour yearly69. Why do joggers live more happily?A. Because they taste part sense of happiness.B. Because they taste overall sense of hardship.C. Because they taste whole sense of happiness.D. Because they taste part sense of success.70. Whi
20、ch of the following is true according to the article?A. Regular jogging decreases longevity.B. The more jogging you do the longer you live.C. The less jogging you do the longer you live.D. Regular jogging makes people live longer.71. It can be inferred that the study of jogging benefit is _.A. compl
21、ete and reliableB. partial and unbelievable C. incomplete but reasonableD. reasonable but undependable【参考答案】68-71 BCDA 【2014高考英语安徽省联考模拟试题】 EThere are many commonly held beliefs about eye glasses and eyesight that are not proven facts. For instance, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon w
22、eakens the eyes. But there is no evidence to show that the structure of eyes is changed by wearing glasses at a young age. Wearing the wrong glasses, however, can prove harmful. Studies show that for adults there is no danger, but children can develop loss of vision if they have glasses inappropriat
23、e for their eyes.We have all heard some of the common myths about how eyesight gets bad. Most people believe that reading in dim light causes poor eyesight, but that is untrue. Too little light makes the eyes work harder, so they do get tired and strained. Eyestrain also results from reading a lot,
24、reading in bed, and watching too much television. However, although eyestrain may cause some pain or headaches, it does not permanently damage eyesight.Another myth about eyes is that they can be replaced, or transferred from one person to another. They are close to one million nerve fibers(纤维) that
25、 connect the eyeball to the brain, so it is impossible to attach them all in a new person. Only certain parts of the eye can be replaced. But if we keep clearing up the myths and learning more about the eyes, some day a full transplant may be possible.72. If a child wears appropriate glasses, _.A. h
26、e will lose sightB. the structure of his eyes will be changed C. it is harmfulD. the structure of his eyes will keep the same as before73. If an adult wears inappropriate glasses, _.A. it will make no difference to his eyesB he will suffer a lot from the loss of visionC. his eyes will be weakenedD.
27、the structure of his eyes will be changed74. With the technology we now have, doctors _. A. still cant do eye transplant even certain parts of the eyeB. can transplant the whole eye in a new person C. can transfer certain parts of the eye in a new personD. know almost nothing about eyes75. The autho
28、r of the passage tends to _. A. explain wearing glasses is no harm to childrenB. correct peoples wrong beliefs about eyes C. explain the importance of protecting our eyesD. imagine what doctors can do with the eye in the future【参考答案】72-75 DACB阅读理解-BThe earths most rich resourcewater has become one o
29、f the most precious resources in the United States as rivers, lakes, and freshwater reservoirs are increasingly exploited for human use. Consequently, using precise farming techniques to refine “irrigation scheduling” is a research area of particular interest to Susan Moran, a researcher with the US
30、 department of Agriculture. She explains that in the southwest, irrigation is both difficult and expensive. There, she says, farmers have a tendency to over irrigate, spending both more time and money than necessary. “Im trying to provide new information that could be used by farmers to schedule irr
31、igations to improve their profitability and use less water,” Moran says. “Farmers often look at weather changes and then schedule irrigation based on that information. But if they had better information, they could use scientific models to compute more precisely how much water their crop is using.”
32、Rather than guessing their crops potential need for water based upon weather changes, farmers can use remote sensors to measure how much water their crop is actually using. This would give them a more accurate measure of how much more water it needs. Moran believes that if farmers are getting good a
33、nd timely measurements of plant and air temperature, then they can program when and how much water to give each crop through an irrigation system. No more water would be used than needed, thus saving cost and conserving water. Moran introduces one study she conducted in Arizona to investigate the us
34、e of remote sensing data for scheduling cotton irrigations. Typically, those farmers irrigate ten times per growing season, but evidence showed that some of those farmers could achieve basically the same harvest with only nine irrigations. “In those cases, one less irrigation saved more than all the
35、 cost of remote sensing data，” she states. “Both irrigation and satellite remote sensing data are expensive. But then again many farmers are used to working together as a group. They are used to sharing. Im hoping they could do the same with remote sensing datapurchase one scene over a large area to
36、 cover many farms, which would further reduce the cost.”1. What does Moran think is the problem with farmers?A. Overused reservoirs.B. Precision farming. C. Irrigation researches. D. Overirrigation.答案解析：答案为D。 由第一段最后一句话 “ farmers have a tendency to over irrigate, spending both more time and money tha
37、n necessary.” 可知，答案为D。2. How can farmers get the new information about their crop?A. To reschedule irrigation as required.B. To watch weather changes regularly.C. To use remote sensors as researchers suggest.D. To use scientific models since computing is more reliable. 答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。从第三段 “farmers
38、 can use remote sensors to measure how much water their crop is actually using.” 可知答案为C。本题容易错选D项。题干问的是 “农民如何得到关于庄稼的新信息？” 从第二段最后一句话 “But if they had better information, they could use scientific models to compute more precisely how much water their crop is using.” 可知，农民如果有了更好的信息可以使用scientific models。
39、故答案D错误。3. What do farmers check upon when they decide how much water each crop needs?A. Profitability.B. Remote sensors.C. The cost.D. Air temperature. 答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节理解题。从第四段 “Moran believes that if farmers are getting good and timely measurements of plant and air temperature, then they can program
40、 when and how much water to give each crop through an irrigation system.”可知，农民依靠准确及时地测量植物和空气温度，来决定给每种庄稼配给相应的水分。 故答案为D。4. Whats the purpose of Moran introducing the study she carried out in Arizona?A. To investigate the use of remote sensing data.B. To support her viewpoint in the previous paragraph.
41、C. To show how farmers can reap a harvest.D. To criticize those farmers who used too much water. 答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由倒数第二段首句 “Moran introduces one study she conducted in Arizona to investigate the use of remote sensing data for scheduling cotton irrigations.”可知，答案为A。5. What is among the best possible
42、ways to help save farmers money?A. Changing irrigation.B. Sharing sensing data. C. Buying one computer.D. Extending the farms. 答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。由最后一段 “Both irrigation and satellite remote sensing data are expensive. But then again many farmers are used to working together as a group. They are used to sharing.” 可知，答案为B。