1、2014高考英语阅读理解基础二轮训练题（13）及答案【2014高考英语安徽省六校联考】EAll across California, honeybees are flying away from their hives(蜂箱) and dying. Empty hives are causing a lot of worry about some important food crops.Bees give us a lot more than delicious honey. They are pollinators（授粉者）they enable plants to produce the
2、 fruits and nuts we enjoy by carrying pollen from one plant or flower to the next. The wind pollinates oats, corn, and wheat, but many other plants (like apple and cherry trees and melon vines) depend on insects, bats, and birds. In the U.S., millions and millions of bees kept by human beekeepers fl
3、y around doing a lot of this important work for food crops. “Bees are worth protecting because their work adds so much to our diet,” says Dr. Jeff Pettis of the Bee Research Laboratory.Californias almond (杏仁) crop alone depends on about half the bees in the country. But now the almond crop and many
4、others could be in trouble with so many bees dying.Researchers at government and university labs all over the country are trying to figure out why so many bees are dying. However, bees are hard to study. Most die away from the hive, so researchers dont have dead bodies to examine. And when researche
5、rs return to a hive after two weeks, about half the bees they studied on their first visit will be dead, replaced by new ones in the natural life cycle of bees.“It isnt like studying a large animal like a cow that doesnt move around much and is easy to find out in the cow field,” says Pettis.Researc
6、hers have some ideas about what could be affecting bee health. They could be sick from poisons widely used to kill insects, or they might not be getting enough good food to stay strong. Also, tiny insects called mites feed on bees. “A virus or bacteria could also be doing the killing.” explains Pett
7、is.72. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The wind helps pollinate.B. Bees are important in food crops. C. Bees give us a lot of delicious honey.D. Cherry trees are pollinated by bees.73. Bees are hard to study because _. A. they move around too much B. new bees soon replace all the bees studied b
8、y researchers C. they are too tiny D. they never return to hives74. What could cause so many bees to die? A. Poisons to kill birds.B. Eating too much. C. Large insects.D. Some virus.75. What can we learn from the article? A. A large number of bees have died in the hive. B. Without bees, some foods w
9、ould disappear from our diet. C. Only researchers in California want to know what kills bees. D. Large animals are easier to study than tiny insects.【参考答案】7275 BADBPassage Thirty-five (Exploration on the Origin of Continents) The origin of continental nuclei has long been a puzzle. Theories advanced
10、 so far have generally failed to explain the first step in continent growth, or have been subject to serious objections. It is the purpose of this article to examine the possible role of the impact of large meteorites or asteroids in the production of continental nuclei. Unfortunately, the geologica
11、l evolution of the Earths surface has had an obliterating effect on the original composition and structure of the continents to such an extent that further terrestrial investigations have small chance of arriving at an unambiguous answer to the question of continental origin. Paradoxically, clues to
12、 the origin and early history of the surface features of the Earth may be found on the Moon and planets, rather than on the Earth, because some of these bodies appear to have had a much less active geological history. As a result, relatively primitive surface features are preserved for study and ana
13、lysis. In the case of both the Moon and Mars, it is generally concluded from the appearance of their heavily cratered surfaces that they have been subjected to bombardment by large meteoroids during their geological history. Likewise, it would appear a reasonable hypothesis that the Earth has also b
14、een subjected to meteoroid bombardment in the past, and that very large bodies struck the Earth early in its geological history. The large crater on the Moon listed by Baldwin has a diameter of 285 km. However, if we accept the hypotheses of formation of some of the mare basins by impact, the maximu
15、m lunar impact crater diameter is probably as large as 650km. Based on a lunar analogy, one might expect several impact craters of at least 500km diameter to have been formed on Earth. By applying Baldwins equation, the depth of such a crater should be about 20km. Baldwin admits that his equation gi
16、ves excessive depths for large craters so that the actual depth should be somewhat smaller. Based on the measured depth of smaller lunar crater. Baldwins equation gives the depth of the zone of brecciation for such a crater as about 75km. The plasticity of the Earths mantle at the depth makes it imp
17、ossible to speak of “bracciation” in the usual sense. However, local stresses may be temporarily sustained at that depth, as shown by the existence of deep-focus earthquakes. Thus, short-term effects might be expected to a depth of more than 50km in the mantle.Even without knowing the precise effect
18、s, there is little doubt that the formation of a 500-km crater would be a major geological event. Numerous authors have considered the geological implications of such an event. Donn et al. have, for example, called on the impact of continent-size bodies of sialic composition to from the original con
19、tinents. Two major difficulties inherent in this concept are the lack of any known sialic meteorites, and the high probability that the energy of impact would result in a wide dissemination of sialic material, rather than its concentration at the point of impact.Gilvarry, on the other hand, called o
20、n meteoroid impact to explain the production of ocean basins. The major difficulties with this model are that the morphology of most of the ocean basins is not consistent with impact, and that the origin and growth of continents is not adequately explained. We agree with Donn at al. that the impact
21、of large meteorites or asteroids may have caused continent formation, but would rather think in terms of the localized addition of energy to the system, rather than in terms of the addition of actual sialic material.1. A mare basin is A. a formula for determining the relationship between the depth a
22、nd width of craters. . a valley that is filled in when a spatial body has impact with the moon or the earth.C. a planetoid (small planet) created when a meteorite, upon striking the moon, breaks off a part of the moon.D. a dark spot on the moon, once supposed to be a sea, now a plain.2. The writer d
23、oes not believe thatA. an asteroid is larger than a meteorite. material from space, upon hitting the earth, was eventually distributed.C. the earth, at one time, had craters.D. ocean were formerly craters.3. The article is primarily concerned withA. the origin of continents. the relationship between
24、 astral phenomena and the moon.C. differences of opinion among authoritative geologists.D. the relationship between asteroids and meteorites.4. Sialic material refers to A. the broken rock resulting from the impact of a meteorite against the earth. material that exists on planets other than the eart
25、h.C. a composite of rock typical of continental areas of the earth.D. material that is man-made to simulate materials that existed far back in geological history.Vocabulary1. meteorit 陨石，陨星2. asteroid （火星和木星轨道间）小行星3. obliterate 除去，消减痕迹4. crater 火山口，陨石坑5. mare 海，（也指月亮，火星上的）阴暗区6. impact 撞击7. impact cr
26、ater 陨石坑，撞击火山8. brecciate 合成角砾岩 the zone of brecciation 角砾岩地带9. mantle 地幔10. stress 应力 local stress 局部（本身）应力11. sialic 硅铝的12. probability 概率，可能性13. disseminate 传播，分散，浸染14. morphology 组织，结构，形态（学）15. astral 星（星状体）的难句译注1. Unfortunately, the geological evolution of the Earths surface has had an oblitera
27、ting effect on the original composition and structure of the continents to such an extent that further terrestrial investigations have small chance of arriving at an unambiguous answer to the question of continental origin.结构简析 句中用suchthat 句型。参考译文 遗憾的是，地球表面的地质变化对大陆原始结构和组成起了抹煞的作用。这种消除作用达到了这种程度，使进一步的大
28、陆的研究工作很难对大陆起源问题去得明确的答案。2. In the case of both the Moon and Mars. It is generally concluded from the appearance of their heavily cratered surfaces that they have been subjected to bombardment by large meteoroids during their geological history.结构简析 in the case of 就说，至于，论到。参考译文 拿月亮和火星来说，一般都从它们表面严重的陨石坑
29、得出结论：它们在其地质进化过程中遭到过巨大的陨星的撞击。3. Two major difficulties inherent in this concept are the lack of any known sialic meteorites, and the high probability that the energy of impact would result in a wide dissemination of sialic material, rather than its concentration at the point of impact.结构简析 that claus
30、e 是high probability 的说明同位语。参考译文 这一概念本身固有的两大难点是缺乏任何已知的硅铝陨石和下列现象的高概率：即撞击的能量会导致硅铝材料广泛分散，而不是集中于撞击点上。写作方法与文章大意 文章一开始就说明了此文论述“大陆核生成过程中大的陨星的撞击作用。”由于地球表面地质进化抹去了大陆原始结构和组成的痕迹，只好由月亮和火星作为研究对象来说明地球。从三方面来论述：一是鲍德温的方程式，深度和宽度；二是硅铝组成；三是海洋盆地。最后结论。答案祥解1. D. 是月球上的一个黑点，一度认识是海，现在知道是平原。Mare basin海盆地。词义本身说明D项对。另一方面，第二段开始提及“
31、鲍德温所列出的月球上最大的陨石坑直径为285公里。可是，如果我们接受了某些由于撞击而形成海盆地的结构假设，那么月球上最大陨石坑的直径可能有650公里大。”这里都说mare basin指的是月球上陨石坑。这就排除了A,B,C三个选项。A. 是测定陨石坑深度和宽度的公式。 B. 当某一天体或地球撞击时填入的深谷。 C. 当陨星撞击月亮时，撞掉的部分月亮而形成小星体。2. D. 海洋是原来的陨石坑。倒数第二段“另一方面，Gilvarry 用陨星撞击来解释海洋盆地的形成。这一模式的最大困难在于大多数海洋盆地结构和撞击情况不符。”A. 小行星大于陨星。 B. 来自太空的材料，在撞击地球时，均匀分布。 C
32、. 地球一度有过陨石坑。这三项明显不对， 谈不上相信不相信。3. A. 大陆起源。这在文章一开始就点明“大陆核起源长期以来一直是个谜。进展到现在的理论一般都不能说明大陆生长的第一步情况，或者遭到严厉的反对。这篇文章的目的就是要研究大陨星或小行星的撞击在地球核生成中可能起的作用。”另见难句译注1。 B. 星际现象和月球的关系。 C. 权威地质学家意见分歧。 D. 小行星和陨星之间的关系。4. C. 地球大陆地区特有的岩石构成。第三段第三句：“举例说，Donn et al.提出大陆区域大小的，硅铝结构的天体撞击形成最初的大陆块的设想。”其它见难句译注3。 A. 由于陨星撞击地球形成破碎的岩石。 B
33、. 存在于地球之外其它星球的材料。 C. 人造材料模拟存在于遥远地质史上的材料。三项文内都没有提到。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A How should one invest a sum of money in these clays of inflation (通货膨胀)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich one,dares to buy and s
34、ell on the Stock Market. Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your savings, and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antique
35、s. I sometimes wonder what a being from another planet might report back about our way of life. The planet Earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or stands in a room and makes a strange ticking sound. It has a face with twelve black marks and two hands. Men can do nothing without its perm
36、ission, and it fastens its young round peoples wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control. This creature is the real master of Earth and men are its slaves. Whether or not we are slaves of time today depends on our culture and personality, but it is believed that many years ag
37、o kings kept special slaves to tell the time. Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of clay according to the beating of their own hearts. They were made to stand in a fixed place and every hour or so would shout tire time. So it seems that the first clocks were human beings. However, me
38、n quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hourglasses, and invented water-clocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces
39、, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. Antique clocks could be very expensive, but one of the joys of collecting clocks is that it is still possible to find quite cheap ones for your own home. After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not i
40、nvest in air antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?1. According to the passage, collecting antique clocks_. A. can hardly keep the value of your savings B. will cost much of your savings C. may increase your wealth D. needs your bravery2. By quoting (引用) the remark of a being from another p
41、lanet, the author intends to_. A. suggest human beings are controlled by a clock B. describe why clocks can rule the planet Earth C. tell readers what clocks look like D. compare chicks to human beings3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to measure the time? A. Counting the beating of
42、 ones own heart. B. Making use of candles, sand and water. C. Observing shadows cast by the sun. D. Keeping slaves busy day and night.4. The underlined phrase stately homes in paragraph 4 means A. state-owned houses B. houses in very good condition C. grand houses open to the public D. houses where
43、statesmen meet regularly5. The purpose of the passage is A. to introduce the culture of antique clocks B. to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks. C. to compare different ways to make a future profit D. to explain convenient and reliable ways of telling time【参考答案】CADCB阅读理解-B Do you want to
44、 live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self-respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as honor help you create this life of good feelings. Heres an example to show how honorable actions create happiness. Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an
45、item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerks mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our hon
46、esty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul. Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness? In the first case, where we dont tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. I
47、n the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot lie trusted, since we advertise Our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerks attention causes d
48、ifferent things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility. There is a beautiful positive cycle that is
49、 created by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And its easy to think and act honorably again when were happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once its started, its easy to continue. K
50、eeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.6. According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to ourA. self-respect B. financial rewards C. advertising ability D. friendly relationship7. The author thinks that keeping silent abou
51、t the uncharged item is equal to_.A. lying B. stealing C. cheating D. advertising8. The phrase bringing the error to the clerks attention (in para.5) means_.A. telling the truth to the clerk B. offering advice to the clerkC. asking the clerk to be more attentive D. reminding the clerk of the charged
52、 item9. How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?A. Well be very excited. B. Well feel unfortunate.C. Well have a sense of honor. D. Well feel sorry for the clerk.10. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage.*A. How to Live Truthfully B. Importance of PeacefulnessC. Ways of Gaining Self-respect D. Happiness through Honorable Actions【参考答案】ABACD