1、2014高考英语阅读理解全程提升训练（10）及答案 阅读理解-BChemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste. The amount of these chemicals has risen heavily in the past few years, as more areas of the world industrialize and new products are produced. Over 80,000 different chemicals are used in in
2、dustries world-wide. Around the world hundreds of millions of tons of harmful waste are produced each year. Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.Every year, major health problems result from
3、 harmful waste. Sadly, it is often after someone has died or, become seriously ill that governments will take actions and reduce levels of dumped（倾倒的）harmful waste. In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬）. It was later
4、learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.Research has been done to provide information on the effects of every chemical. Because waste chemicals often mix together, it will also be necessary to learn how the combinations of these chemicals affec
5、t human health.Some governments have realized how serious the problem is and are making laws to get rid of harmful waste. They are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce.Not only governments but the public as well must form part of the solution. They can choose no
6、t to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves. Many scientists think that waste production can be cut. The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.1. What is
7、mainly discussed in the text?A. The effect of every chemical.B. Problems of harmful waste.C. Chemicals used for industrial processes.D. Events related to waste chemicals.答案解析：答案为B。本题为主旨大意题。文章先陈述工业生产过程中使用化学物产生的有害垃圾所导致的问题，并举例证明，最后探讨解决这一问题的方案。在第一段的首句 “Chemicals used for industrial processes often creat
8、e dangerous forms of waste.”和最后一句 “Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.”都是在指出有害垃圾这一严峻的问题。故答案为B。2. From the text we know that .A. chromium can poison people when there is a wind B. chromium
9、pollution makes the local government close the school C. some governments dont realize how serious the problems are until people suffer a lot from harmful waste D. about two-thirds of the waste can pollute the environment 答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推理题。从第二段的第三句话 “In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed
10、 because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬）.”可知，学校不得不被迫关闭是由于学生暴露在倾倒的垃圾铬之中，生命受到了威胁，故答案为C “ 直到人们饱受有害废弃垃圾的危害，政府才意识到问题的严重性。B选项只是文章的细节，属于表面现象；C选项真正概括了问题的本质，是通过细节推理出的总结性答案。故选C。从第二段的最后一句话 “It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over
11、 to the school area.”可知，铬威胁着人的生命是由于 “dumped nearby and blown over” 即 “倾倒而被风吹拂”, 而不仅仅由于风，故A选项错误。D选项与文章最后一句话 “The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.”不符。3. Which of the following least matches the solution the writer refers to?A. Chemicals used for indus
12、trial processes should be banned.B. People can make use of the existing technologies and methods to reduce the waste.C. Policymakers make laws to limit the production of harmful waste.D. People choose not to buy products which may produce harmful waste.答案解析：答案为A。本题考查作者的观点态度。解答此题需看清题意 “哪个选项与作者提到的解决方案
13、最不匹配?” 从文章的最后一段最后一句话 “The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.” 可知，B选项正确；从最后一段 “They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves.” 可知，作者的态度
14、是号召政府与公众不买生产有害垃圾的产品；政策制定者可以生产较少的有害垃圾，而非禁止工业生产过程中使用化学物品。故C、D是正确的，A选项与作者的态度最不匹配。4. The writer of the text thinks that .A. governments should have forbidden the production of waste chemicals B. mixed waste chemicals can always be stored without endangering people C. industries must not produce waste ch
15、emicals which harm people so much D. everyone can do something to help solve the problem of waste chemicals 答案解析：答案为D。本题考查作者的观点态度。结合上题分析，作者认为应该限制和减少有害化学物的生产，而不是A选项的禁止，也不是C选项的不允许生产，故A、C不正确；B选项在文章中未提及， always 一词也使得该选项太绝对，故不选。只有D选项才是作者的观点：人人都可以帮助解决有害化学物的问题。故答案为D。 阅读理解-You may not pay much attention to
16、your daily elevator ride. Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it. But Lee Gray, PhD, of the University of North Carolina, US, has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport. He is known as the “Elevator Guy”. “The lift become
17、s this interesting social space where etiquette (礼仪) is sort of odd (奇怪的),” Gray told the BBC. “They elevators are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.” We walk in and usually turn around to face the door. If someone else comes in, we may have to move. And here, according to Gray
18、, liftusers unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements. He told the BBC what he had observed. He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift, you can do whatever you want its your own little box. If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally (对角线地) ac
19、ross from each other to create distance. When a third person enters, you will unconsciously form a triangle. And when there is a fourth person it becomes a square, with someone in every corner. A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle. New entrants to the lift will need to siz
20、e up the situation when the doors slide open and then act decisively. Once in, for most people the rule is simple look down, or look at your phone. Why are we so awkward in lifts? “You dont have enough space,” Professor Babette Renneberg, a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin, tol
21、d the BBC. “Usually when we meet other people we have about an arms length of distance between us. And thats not possible in most elevators.” In such a small, enclosed space it becomes very important to act in a way that cannot be construed (理解) as threatening or odd. “The easiest way to do this is
22、to avoid eye contact,” she said.【文章大意】本文告诉我们一些不成文的电梯礼仪。 36.The main purpose of the article is to _. A. remind us to enjoy ourselves in the elevator B. tell us some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette C. share an interesting but awkward elevator ride D. analyze what makes people feel awkward in an
23、elevator【答案】B【 解析】写作意图题。根据短文的内容可知这里叙述了电梯里的一些不成文的规定，故选B。37. According to Gray, when people enter an elevator, they usually _. A. turn around and greet one another B. look around or examine their phone C. make eye contact with those in the elevator D. try to keep a distance from other people【答案】D【 解析】
24、细节理解题。根据“from each other to create distance”可知，人们进电梯后要跟别人保持距离。故选D。38. Which of the following describes how people usually stand when there are at least two people in an elevator? 【答案】C【 解析】细节理解题。根据A两个人应站在对角线。B三个人要站成三角形。D五个人要站在四个角和中间。只有C四个人站在四个角是正确的。故选C。39. The underlined phrase “size up” in Paragrap
25、h 7 is closest in meaning to _. A. judge B. ignore C. put up with D. make the best of【答案】A【 解析】词义猜测题。size up出现在“when the doors slide open”电梯门开时，“act decisively果断行动”之前，所以应该是判断门内情况的意思，只有judge审度最接近。B“ignore”无视；C“put up with”容忍；D “make the best of” 充分利用。故选A。40. According to the article, people feel awkw
26、ard in lifts because of _. A. someones odd behaviors B. the lack of space C. their unfamiliarity with one another D. their eye contact with one another【答案】B【 解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“You dont have enough space”可知只有电梯里缺少空间的时候感到尴尬，故选B。阅读理解-AThe young man arrived on the Massachusetts beach early carrying a rad
27、io, a shovel, and a strange set of tools: a brick layers trowel, a palette knife, spatulas, spoons, and a spray bottle.He walked down near the waterthe tide was output down the radio and tuned it to soft rock. Then he shoveled wet sand into a pile nearly four feet high and as many feet across. Then
28、he created a rectangular（长方形的）shape.After that, he set to work with palette knife, spatulas, and spoons. He shaped a graceful tower, topped walls, fashioned beautiful bay windows, and carved out big front gate.The man knew his sand. He smoothly finished some surfaces and embroidered（雕刻）artistic desi
29、gns on others. As the shapes began to dry, he gently kept them slightly wet with water from the spray bottle, in case they might break in the wind.All this took hours. People gathered. At last he stood back, obviously satisfied with a castle worthy of the Austrian countryside or Disneyland.Then he g
30、athered his tools and radio and moved them up to drier sand. He had known for a while what many in the rapt（全神贯注的） crowd still overlooked: the tide was coming in. Not only had he practiced his art with confidence and style, he had done so against a powerful, immutable（不可抗拒的）deadline.As the crowd loo
31、ked on, water began to lap at the base of the castle. In minutes it was surrounded. Then the rising flood began to eat into the base, walls fell, the tower fell, and finally the gates arch fell. More minutes passed, and small waves erased bay windows and battlementssoon no more than a small part was
32、 left.Many in the crowd looked terribly sad; some voiced fears and discouragement. But the sculptor（雕塑家） remained calm. He had, after all, had a wonderful day, making beauty out of nothing, and watching it return to nothing as time and tide moved on.1. In this selection, why did the sculptor start e
33、arly in the day?A. He knew the tide was out on this particular morning.B. It gave time for the crowd to gather.C. He needed the sun to help dry the sand.D. It was easier to begin with only a few people around. 答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。文章的开头提到年轻男子一大早带着他的工具来到了沙滩，由第二段的首句 “the tide was out.” 可知潮水已消退, 他进行后面的工作都是
34、在此前提下进行。故答案为A。2. Which of the following best shows that the sculptor was an expert?A. He attracted a large crowd. B. He created beautiful details.C. He was able to finish his work. D. He showed satisfaction on his face.答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。文章的前四段都是在描述年轻男子进行雕塑工作的全过程，选择地点，时间和对工作细致认真，从第三段的 “graceful”、 “
35、fashioned beautiful” 和第四段的 “smoothly finished”、 “gently kept” 等词都可以看出他的技术熟练。 故答案为B，雕塑家创造的美丽细节证明了他是个专家。3. In this selection, what does the incoming tide signal?A. It is time to begin working. B. It is the busiest time of the day.C. It is the end of a days work. D. It is time for lookers-on to leave.答
36、案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推理题。第六段的第二句话 “the tide was coming in”是设题点，本句后面的 “he had done so against a powerful, immutable（不可抗拒的）deadline.” 其中，deadline告诉我们到来的潮水就是雕塑工作的最后期限，故答案为C。4. How did the lookers-on react when the tide began to come in?A. They tried to save the sand castle. B. They were disappointed to see th
37、e art ruined.C. They were nervous about their own belongings. D. They helped the artist finish the castle.答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。从最后一段首句 “Many in the crowd looked terribly sad; some voiced fears and discouragement.” 可知, 故答案为B。5. The reader can tell that the sculptors reward for his work is .A. payment for
38、 his work B. attention from the crowdC. fame as an artistD. personal satisfaction来源:答案解析：答案为D。本题为推理题。从最后一段 “But the sculptor（雕塑家） remained calm. He had, after all, had a wonderful day, making beauty out of nothing, and watching it return to nothing as time and tide moved on.” 可知，雕塑家对于被潮水毁掉的作品非常镇定，这一
39、天他完成了一件美丽的作品，对于他个人来说，心灵获得了满足。故答案为D。 阅读理解-Shes not afraid of anything. Snakes? No problem. Walking alone in the dark? Easy. Were not talking about a superhero here - SM is a 44-year-old mother. And shes fearless because she happens to be missing part of her brain: the amygdala(扁桃腺). Shaped like a pai
40、r of almonds sitting in the middle of your brain, the amygdala helps control fear and anxiety. A rare condition called Urbach-Wiethe disease left SM without her amygdala, and seems to have completely erased her sense of fear. To try to understand how the amygdala works, a team of researchers made th
41、eir efforts to scare SM. They showed her horror movies and took her to the Waverly Hills Sanatorium Haunted House in Kentucky. She pushed out one of the monsters(巨物) and laughed. SM said she didnt like snakes, but at a pet store full of poisonous creatures, she kept asking to touch them. When asked
42、to rate her feelings, SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful. “She tends to approach everything she should be avoiding,” says Justin Feinstein of the University of Iowa. This means the amygdala could control deeper urges to approach or avoid danger. Other scientists have a dif
43、ferent opinion, though. “I dont believe you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study,” Elizabeth Phelps said. In 2002, Phelps published a study on a similar patient with amygdala damage who still showed fear.It may sound like fun to be totally fearless, but we
44、 get scared for a good reason. “The nature of fear is survival and the amygdala helps us stay alive by avoiding situations, people, or objects that put our life in danger,” Feinstein said. SM was once followed in a park after dark by a man with a knife, and she simply walked away. “It is quite remar
45、kable that she is still alive,” said Feinstein. 【文章大意】本文叙述了研究人员通过在失去扁桃腺人的身上实验扁桃腺的作用，结果发现它能控制人的恐惧，但是也有的科研人员对此产生了怀疑。 41. SM dares to walk alone in the dark mainly because _. A. she is a superhero B. she has experienced such conditions a lot C. she is a mental patient D. she has no sense of fear 【答案】D【
46、 解析】细节理解题。根据shes fearless because she happens to be missing part of her brain她失去了扁桃腺没有了害怕的感觉，故选D。42. Researchers tried their best to frighten SM in order to find _. A. The function of a particular organ B. SMs reaction of fear and anxiety C. The process of removing amygdala D. A special way to get a
47、long with monsters 【答案】A【 解析】细节理解题。根据To try to understand how the amygdala works,研究人员为了找到扁桃腺是如何工作的，故选A。43. What do we know from the research on SM? A. It was easy for her to avoid danger. B. SM never felt fearful but disgusted. C. SM was frightened by nothing except monsters. D. SM got along well wi
48、th the snakes.【答案】B【 解析】细节理解题。根据SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful.她没有感觉到害怕和厌恶，故选B。44. What is Elizabeth Phelps attitude toward the function of the amygdala based on the research on SM? A. Indifferent B. Supportive C. Disapproving D. Interested 【答案】C【 解析】细节理解题。根据“I dont be
49、lieve you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study, 可知Elizabeth Phelps不相信这种实验，故选C。45. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. People can remove their amygdala to be fearless. B. SM will be admired because of her bravery. C. No one can survive if their amygdala is removed. D. The sense of fear is crucial to humans.【答案】D【 解析】推理判断题。根据“It is quite remarkable that she is still alive可知恐惧的感觉对人类来说是重要的，故选D。