1、2014高考英语阅读理解全程巩固训练（15）及答案(十四)-A-(2013南京市二模，A)Dear Sir，I was surprised to read your recent editorial on the question of students parttime jobs. You appear to be making lots of general comments on the basis of just one unfortunate case (I assure you that not all young people who deliver newspapers are
2、 as foolish and dishonest as the two youths mentioned in your article, and one singlecase is not strong enough in supporting a point as evidence. I think you wouldnt disagree with me at this point)The first point I would like to make is that there are many jobs teenagers can do which give them usefu
3、l experience of the working world. They are brought into contact with a variety of people, often older, and are given experience of expressing themselves clearly and logically. Every young man will eventually be involved in social net work, and we cant expect them to act as a mature adult once they
4、step out of school. I am thinking here of jobs such as travel guides and shop assistants. Parttime jobs are actually a kind of guiding that young people need before they play their role in real career.Another argument for school children and college students having holiday or weekend jobs is that ma
5、ny parents need the financial assistance. If we take, for example, a family in which the father is unemployed or perhaps a singleparent family on a low income, it seems logical and fair that a son or daughter should try to bring money into the household. And I think its also an education to young pe
6、ople what family responsibility is and what one should do in terms of showing their care and love.One further thing I want to say is that a lot of jobs for the young can be fun for the people who do them and also useful to the community. Youngsters who help in schools, hospitals and with the elderly
7、 often gain a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction as well as contributing something valuable to local society. And the experience will make young people feel their value in our society so that they will be more eager to learn and more willing to offer their help.In conclusion, I would add that w
8、hen I was a girl, my father said my teens were a time for books, hobbies and academic studies. Thinking back, I feel I would have learnt much moreabout myself, other people and life in generalif he had allowed me to do a limited amount of real work. Certainly, when she is old enough, I shall encoura
9、ge my own daughter to do so, rather than waste her time with soap operas, computer games and discos, like so many young people today. I dont mean having fun is a waste of time. I just want to point out that fun and parttime jobs could be balanced.Yours faithfully，Margaret Williams文章大意：本文是写给报社编辑的一封信。
10、在信中，作者表达了对该社最近发表的关于“青少年不应该做兼职工作(打零工)”这篇文章的反对，并给出了自己的理由和见解。1Which of the following is true according to the letter?AParttime jobs help teenagers develop social skills.BAll young people doing parttime jobs are intelligent and honest.CChildren in singleparent families should not do part time jobs.DThe
11、writer did parttime jobs when she was at school.答案：A细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，A项“打零工能够帮助孩子培养社会技能”表述正确。B项在文中没有涉及；根据第三段第二句可知，C项错误；根据最后一段第二句可知，D项错误。故答案选A。2What does the writer think many of the young people are doing now?ATaking some parttime jobs to help their family.BDoing their academic learning heart and s
12、oul.CWasting time with soap operas and computer games or discos.DDoing community services by helping the old or the sick in hospitals.答案：C细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三句中的“waste her time with soap operas, computer games and discos, like so many young people today”可知，作者认为现在很多孩子都将时间浪费在看肥皂剧、玩游戏或去迪厅等娱乐上面了。故答案选C。3What
13、 can we learn from the letter?AThe writer of the letter is doing some parttime jobs.BAn article against teenagers doing parttime jobs was published.CTeenagers of the time are not doing the right thing.DThe writer of the letter is a teenager from a singleparent family.答案：B推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，社论中就两个年轻人在送报
14、纸的兼职工作中的不诚实行为做了很多评论，不赞成年轻人做兼职工作，故可推断出报社刊登的文章应是一篇“反对青少年做兼职工作”的文章。故答案选B。阅读理解-CAdvice to “sleep on it” could be well founded, scientists say. After a good nights sleep a problem that seemed impossible to solve the night before can often appear easier, although no evidence has proved this by now. But re
15、searchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good nights sleep can improve insight(洞察力）and problem-solving. “If you have some newly acquired memories in your brain, sleep acts on these memories, restructures(重构）them, so that after sleep the insight into a
16、 problem which you could not solve before increases,” said Dr. Jan Bom, a neuroscientist, at the university. To test the theory, they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them put a string of numbers into a new order. There was also a third, hidden rule, which could help them increase their sp
17、eed in solving the problem. The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups, half were allowed to sleep after the training while the remainders were forced to stay awake. Bom and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rul
18、e as the other group. “Sleep helped,” Bom said in a telephone interview. “The important thing is that you have to have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve and then you sleep, so it can act on the problem.” But Bom admitted that he and his team dont know how restruc
19、turing of memories occurs or what governs it or in which stage of sleep it works. Pierre Marquette and Pierre Ruby of the University of Liege in Belgium said the experimental evidence supports the suggestions that sleep can promote creative thinking. Although the role of sleep in human creativity wi
20、ll still be a mystery, the research gives people good reason to fully respect their periods of sleep, they added.36.The underlined phrase “sleep on it” in the first line probably means _.A.to put something aside to be solved until the next dayB.to get as much sleep as possibleC.to go on sleeping wit
21、hout being disturbedD.to sleep till you get up the next morning【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。由“After a good nights sleep a problem that seemed impossible to solve the night before can often appear easier,”可知选A。37.Jan Bom and his team carried out the experiment through _A.comparisonB. interviewC. surveyD. imaginati
22、on【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由“The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups, half were allowed to sleep after the training while the remainders were forced to stay awake. Bom and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule as the
23、other group.”可知他们是通过比较来开展的实验。故选A。38.It can be inferred from the passage that _.A.people should sleep so long as they have timeB.sleep is the only way to solve hard problemsC.people have various periods of sleepD.people know how sleep restructures memories【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由“But Bom admitted that he and
24、 his team dont know how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it or in which stage of sleep it works.”可知人们有不同的睡眠阶段。故选C。39.What would be the best title for the passage?A.How Sleep WorksB. Sleep Helps Solve ProblemsC.No Evidence, But Well FoundedD. Boms Discovery On Sleep【答案】B【解析】标题归纳题。40.W
25、here is the passage most likely to have been taken from?A.A science fiction.B. A book review.C.An advertisement.D. A newspaper.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。本文主要讲的是科学家的一项新的发现，以及有关的实验。所以最可能出自报纸。故选D。阅读理解-E(2013南昌市二模，C)“Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere, but changes in tem
26、perature, humidity and nutrient availability seem to trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temper
27、atures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected，” the researchers said. “Until we understand more, we could be risking negative conse
28、quences that we cant yet quantify.”The change was big in coldblooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles smaller. An increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism (新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises an
29、d little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. There is a recent report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.Warmblooded animals we
30、rent immune from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Mammals have been miniaturized too. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaker. And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.This is not the first time this has happened in Earths history. 55 mil
31、lion years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a long time than the current climate change.The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond
32、or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文。主要报道了一项新发现，研究人员发现了气候变暖会导致地球上许多生物个体变小的现象。16Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?AWhy do some species
33、 become smaller?BHow does temperature change in Earths history?CClimate change has many negative effectsDSpecies become smaller as climate warms答案：D标题概括题。通读全文及第二段首句“45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past.”可知，本文主要讲述了气候变暖会导致许多生物个体变小的现象，故D项正确。17The und
34、erlined word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by _.Abeen neglected by Bhad strong influences thanCbeen weakened by Dbeen less than答案：B词义猜测题。根据本句中的but可知，画线词与其前面的内容“大气中二氧化碳的增加会使植物个体变大”是转折关系，并根据下文中气温、湿度、可利用的营养等条件对生物的影响可知，这些条件的改变似乎比二氧化碳浓度增加更有影响力。故B项正确。18Researchers from the National Univ
35、ersity of Singapore believe that _.Ahow climate change effects animals size has not been found clearlyBall the animals on the earth have become smallerCtoo many studies on animals size have been doneDpeople can avoid the negative effects of climate change答案：A细节理解题。文章第三段研究人员提到“We do not yet know the
36、mechanisms involved”，其中the mechanisms指的是气候变暖影响了生物个体大小的机制，故A项正确。19What can we learn from the passage?AClimate change has even affected plankton negatively.BBirds have suffered more from climate change than fish.CAnts, bees and spiders have been shrinking by 50% to 70% in the past decade.DA warming ev
37、ent causing species to become smaller has never happened before.答案：A细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“There is a recent report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.”可知，气候变化已经对浮游生物产生了有害影响。故A项正确。20Whats the authors attitude toward climate change in the passage?AConcerned
38、. BOptimistic. CIndifferent. DConfident.答案：A观点态度题。根据文章最后一句“So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.”可知，作者对气候变暖对生物的影响有些担忧。故A项Concerned(关心的)符合语境。阅读理解-DCommunity theatre is a theatre that is run by a local district with the efforts of volunteers. They of
39、fer many different kinds of productions, such as musical theatre, dance theatre and childrens theatre. Usually, performers are amateurs who receive no pay, but at other times professionals get involved, and they are paid. Community theatres of today are a little different ftom the old “little theatr
40、es”，as most are simply run by colleges and their theatre departments. Community theatres are a great way to get involved with local actors. Now, most theatres put on shows that will entertain or benefit the community.In the 1880s, “little theatre” was started in Europe so that poor people could see
41、theatrical productions without having to travel far or pay a lot. In 1910，this idea traveled to the United States. In the early years, community theatres were even funded by the government, but when shows became too political, government funding was stopped.Community theatres of today are a little d
42、ifferent from the old “little theatres”，as most simply want to infuse little culture into the lives of the local citizens. In many cases, these theatres are run by colleges and their theatre departments. These productions are often free of charge, or charge very little money to pay for costumes and
43、other incidental expenses. Many also encourage the participation of children and other young people to let them develop theatrical skills, as well as to keep them busy so that they do not choose to get into trouble. Additionally, for those who desire strongly to become professional actors and to one
44、 day get a chance to act in a national theatre production, it is an exciting place to learn and develop theatrical skills.41.Why was “little theatre” started in Europe?A.To put on shows for children.B.To collect money for poor people.C.To entertain poor people.D.To get people interested in theatrica
45、l productions.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由“little theatre”was started in Europe so that poor people could see theatrical productions without having to travel far or pay a lot.”可知，是为了让穷人娱乐。故选C。42. From the passage we know that community theatres can _.A.help young people make more moneyB.prevent young people get
46、ting into troubleC.help young people enter the collegesD.encourage young people to become more responsible【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由“Many also encourage the participation of children and other young people to let them develop theatrical skills, as well as to keep them busy so that they do not choose to get in
47、to trouble.”可知社区剧院可以防止年轻人惹事。故选B。43.Which of the following is TRUE about community theatre?A.It is usually funded by the government.B.It is intended to train professional actors.C.It benefits the community in many ways.D.It is quite different from the old “little theatres”.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。由“Many also
48、 encourage the participation of children and other young people to let them develop theatrical skills, as well as to keep them busy so that they do not choose to get into trouble.”可知社区剧院在许多方面给社区带来利益。故选C。44.Which of the followings is closest in meaning to the underlined word “infuse” in Para. 3?A. ge
49、t rid ofB. fill withC.cut downD. full of【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。A。摆脱，除去；B。充入，装满；C.削减，砍倒，删节； D。装满。由上下文可知，它们想灌输一点文化到当地公民的生活中。45.We can infer from the last paragraph that _.A.some professional actors may come from the community theatresB.community theatres only charge for incidental expensesC.community theatres
50、 have lost their attraction todayD.people can live by acting in the community theatres【答案】A 【解析】判断推理题。由“for those who desire strongly to become professional actors and to one day get a chance to act in a national theatre production, it is an exciting place to learn and develop theatrical skills.” 可知一些专业演员可能出自社区剧院。故选A。