1、2014高考英语阅读理解二轮专题训练精品题（18）及答案阅读理解-BAmericas population was booming and spreading west in the early 1800s. Westward expansion came mostly at the expense of the Indians who were often forced to move from their native lands. In the state of Georgia, the population increased 600 percent in the matter of
2、40 years. As a result, many of its native tribes(部落) were pushed out. The Cherokee Indians, of western Georgia had managed to keep their land until gold was discovered in their territory in 1828. In 1830, however, president Andrew Jackson authorized (批准) the Indian Removal Act. The Cherokees fought
3、the law, and it was overturned by chief justice John Marshall two years later.Just three years later, however, in 1835, the Treaty of New Echota was signed. The Treaty was not authorized by the Cherokee Nation, but rather, a small group of Cherokee radicals led by John Ridge. Under the Treaty, the C
4、herokee were to leave Georgia and the government would compensate them at a price determined to be about 5 percent of the value of the land. The majority of the Cherokee Nation would never had agreed to the Treaty, but the U.S. government ratified it anyway. John Ridge was thus seen as a traitor by
5、the Cherokees - and would later pay with his life. The Georgia government then staged a land lottery in which Cherokee land was divided into 160 equal portions. They were sold to anyone who had $4.00 and who had won a chance to own land. In 1838, General Winfield Scott and 7,000 troops invaded Chero
6、kee land. Men, women, and children were forced to walk westward from Georgia nearly 1,000 miles with minimal facilities and food, to reservations set up for them in Oklahoma. Cherokee chief John Ross, eventually was able to convince Winfield Scott that his people should lead the tribe west. Scott ag
7、reed and Ross divided the people into smaller groups so they could forage for food on their own. Although Ross may have save countless lives, nearly 4,000 Indians died walking this Trail of Tears. 1. Which of the following happened first?A. Cherokees walk to Oklahoma.B. The Indian Removal Act.C. The
8、 Treaty of New Echota.D. The Georgia “Land Lottery”. 答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。由文章第二段倒数第二句话 “In 1830, however, president Andrew Jackson authorized the Indian Removal Act.”可知，B选项发生在1830年；由第三段第一句话 “Just three years later, however, in 1835, the Treaty of New Echota was signed.”可知，C选项发生在1835年；由第三段倒数第二句话 “The Geo
9、rgia government then staged a land lottery in which Cherokee land was divided into 160 equal portions.”可知，D选项发生在Treaty of New Echota后; 由最后一段前两句话 “ In 1838, General Winfield Scott and 7,000 troops invaded Cherokee land. set up for them in Oklahoma.”可知，A选项发生在最后。故答案为B。2. The underlined part “ratified i
10、t” (in Para. 3) can be replaced by “ ”. A. made it officialB. signed it secretlyC. removed itD. ignored it 答案解析：答案为A。本题为语义推断题。结合该短语出现的句子 “The majority of the Cherokee Nation would never had agreed to the Treaty, but the U.S. government ratified it anyway.”, “ratified it” 出现在 “but” 后面，可见该短语和前面的never
11、had agreed to the “Treaty 意思相反，故答案为A，使条约正式化。3. Why was John Ridge viewed as a traitor by the Cherokees?A. Because he sold his land to the U.S.Government at a low price.B. Because he represented the U.S. Govermment.C. Because he signed an unfair treaty for the Cherokees.D. Because he carried out a “l
12、and lottery” in Georgia. 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。细读第三段，Treaty of New Echota被签署，但不是经过Cherokee 民族批准的，而是由John Ridge领导的一小群Cherokee极端分子干的，规定Cherokee民族离开Georgia，政府赔偿给他们原有土地的百分之五，大多数Cherokee 人并不同意该条约，但是美国政府最终还是批准了该条约，因此John Ridge被认为是Cherokee的民族叛徒。故答案为C。4. According to the passage, what is the key factor for the “
13、Trail of Tears”?A. The conflict between the Cherokees and the local government.B. The increase of population in the state of Georgia.C. The constant struggle for land between the native Americans and the settlers.D. The discovery of gold in western Gerogia.答案解析：答案为D。本题为推理题。文章的最后提到 “nearly 4,000 Indi
14、ans died walking this Trail of Tears”， 为什么会发生此事？本题实际考察现象背后的实质：Cherokee 印第安人为什么要移民？由文章第二段 “The Cherokee Indians, of western Georgia had managed to keep their land until gold was discovered in their territory in 1828.” 可知，western Georgia 发现了金子后，白人就觊觎此片土地淘金，发生了后来的移民事件，留下了Cherokee 印第安人的血和泪。故答案为D。Passage
15、 Two (The Tourist Trade Contributes Absolutely Nothing to Increasing Understanding between Nations) The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, youd expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, se
16、a and land make it possible for us to visit each others countries at a moderate cost. What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodys grasp? The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lo
17、rds and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldnt have dreamed of. But whats the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other? Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set ou
18、t to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to p
19、laces of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way.
20、 At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips. The
21、sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We dont see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American
22、and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the
23、only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites of that Latin peoples shout a lot. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful n
24、ational stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you? Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic facthow trite it sounds! That all people are human.
25、We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.1.The best title for this passage is A tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.Tourism is tiresome.C Conducted tour is dull.D tourism really does something to ones country.2.What is the authors attitude
26、toward tourism?A apprehensive.negative.C critical.D appreciative.3.Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot?A silent.noisy.C lively.D active.4.The purpose of the authors criticism is to point outA conducted tour is disappointing.the way of touring should be chang
27、ed.C when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.D national stereotypes should be changed.5.What is grand tour now?A moderate cost.local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.C people enjoy the first-rate comforts.D everybody can enjoy the grand tour.Voc
28、abulary1.superb 卓越的，杰出的，第一流的2.moderate 中庸的，中等的，适度的3.grand tour 大旅行，指旧时英国富家子弟教育中， 到欧洲大陆观光的旅行，为学业必经阶段。4.package tour 由旅行社代办而费用与路线、 日程固定的假日旅游。也可用package holiday。5.chartered flight 包机航班6.set out to do sth. = begin a job with a particular aim开始做某事， 决心/打算做7.cosset 宠爱，溺爱，纵容8.conducted tour = guided tour 有人
29、指导/引到下的参观，有导游的旅游 9.censor 检查10.wander off 离开原处/正道，离群，漫步，漫游11.quarters 住处，营12.paella 西班牙什锦饭13.chip 炸马铃薯条（土豆条）14.amorous 多情的，色情的15.pedantic 学究式的，卖弄学问的16.generalization 归纳，概括17.stir up 惹起，煽动，挑起18.trite 陈腐的，老一套的难句译注1.What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodys
30、 grasp.【结构简析】within sb.s grasp.某人理解/了解，为某人所能抓到的。【参考译文】一度只有最富有者专享的“大旅行”现在人人都可获得。2.The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at.【参考译文】旅行社包办的旅游，包机航班决不会遭人耻笑。3.They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population.【参考译文】旅行社有意使他们的谷底和当地居民少接触。4
31、.The modern tourist heads a cosseted sheltered life.【参考译文】现代旅行者过的使爱护有加与世隔绝的生活。5.Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored.【参考译文】有人指导下参观一些静电收到组织者旅行社仔细的检查核准。6.A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always barrier, so h
32、e is only too happy to be protected in this way.【结构简析】only too + 形容词/分词 = very非常。【参考译文】严格致密的计划值得旅行者不可能自己一个人到处闲逛；再说，至少语言总是个障碍，所以他对这样保护非常高兴。7.At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization.【结构简析】at ones worst 在情况最坏的时候。【参考译文】最糟的时候，这种保护会导致形成一种新型而又可怕的殖民现象。8.Carried to an extreme,
33、 stereotypes can be positively dangerous.【结构简析】carried to an extreme (to an excess )如果做得过分。【参考译文】如果走向极端，模式化的想法会非常危险。9.Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact.【参考译文】野蛮（乱七八糟）的概括/归纳会激起种族仇恨，使我们对这基本事实视而不见。写作方法与文章大意文章主要采用因果写法。虽然旅游业发展，人们可享受以前只有最富有者享受的大旅游，但由于旅行社种种限制/呵护及其它，使
34、旅游者难以和当地居民接触。陈旧的固定的想对民族的模式化想法，只有通过接触才能接触模式。而旅行社的种种都使人相互难以理解。答案详解1.A 旅游对增进民族了解毫无建树。第二段开始点出，许多旅游组织直接负责旅游事宜，他们有意识不让旅游者接触当地居民，让他们过着一种关怀备至又与世隔绝的生活。住的是国际饭店，吃的是国际食品，喝的是国际饮料，在原处观看当地居民。严格有序的计划使旅游者难以自己一人闲逛，语言的障碍，又使他们乐意接受保护。第三段涉及坚持民族模式化老一套的想法，所以一开始旅游，你见到的民族特性就只是证实了你自己设想的基本事实所有人民都是人类。只有交朋友才能知道民族模式是多么荒谬、有害，可是旅行社
35、竭力制止，你又怎么能交上外国朋友呢？这一切说明A项对。B.旅游很累。C.导游观光很单调乏味。D.旅游确实对国家有贡献。2.C 批评。3.B 吵吵闹闹的。4.B 旅游的方式应改变。整篇文章（除第一段外）都环绕旅游方式不理想来进行批评。第二段集中在导游观光使旅游者难以和当地人民接触。第三段，见到的只是证实了旅游者本人事先形成的思想/先入之见，旅游根本达不到了解对方的目的。第四段讲了民族固定模式（先入之见的模式）的可怕后果。要使人懂得所有的人们都是人类，彼此相似，又各具特点，就得改变旅游的方式。A.导游观光令人失望。C.旅游时，你见到的 特性证实了你的先入之见。D.民族模式应当改变。这三条都是批评的
36、具体内容。5.D 人人都能享受大旅游。大旅行是专指英国富家子弟上学中的一门课程到欧洲大陆观光。不是人人都能享受。这里用grand tour表示人人都能享受类似grand tour的一切，甚至超过，如第一段指出：现代旅游者享受的舒适设施，达到了大旅行中老爷、小姐们做梦都没有想到的水平。海陆空高级交流联络通讯系统，使人们有可能钱花得不多就能访问、观光别的国家。所以说，曾是有钱人专享的大旅行，普通人也能领略。“grand tour”有引号，表明作为比喻。A.费用不高。文内是费用合适、中等、恰当。B.当地观光受组织审查。C.人们喜欢一流舒适设施。阅读理解-AThe week I turned 50,
37、my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everything Id owned was sold to pay debts that I didnt even know I had. In a week I had lost my husband, my home and my parents who had refused to accept a divorce in the family. Id lost everything except my four teenage children. I used ever
38、y penny I had to buy five plane tickets from Missouri to Hawaii. Everyone said I was crazy to think I could just go to an island and survive. I was afraid they were right.Knowing that no one in the world was going to help us, I rented a cheap apartment. I worked 18 hours a day and lost 30 pounds bec
39、ause I lived on one meal a day. One night as I walked alone on the beach, I saw the red orange glow of the lave (火山岩) pouring out of Kilarea Volcano in the distance. It was time to live my imagination!The next day I quit my job and invested my last paycheck in art supplies and began doing what I lov
40、ed. I hadnt painted a picture in 15 years. I wondered if I could still paint. My hands trembled the first time I picked up a brush. But before an hour had passed, I was lost in the colors spreading across the canvas in front of me. And as soon as I started believing in myself, other people started b
41、elieving in me, too. The first painting sold for $1,500 before I even had time to frame it.The past six years have been filled with adventures. My children and I have gone swimming with dolphins, watched whales and hiked around the volcano. We wake up every morning with the ocean in front of us and
42、the volcano behind us. The dream I had more than 40 years ago is now reality. Im living freely and happily ever after.1. It can be inferred from the passage that _. A. the writer didnt expect her marriage would end B. the writers parents were content with her divorce C. the writers husband took away
43、 most of her property D. there was something wrong with the writers job 答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。从第一段的第一句话 “The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end.” 可以推断，作者迈入50岁的那一周，婚姻突然解体，这个是她所没有预料到的。故答案为A。 从第一段的 “My house, furniture and everything Id owned was sold to pay debts that I didnt even know I ha
44、d Id lost everything except my four teenage children.” 可以推断，作者失去了所有的财产，而不是大部分财产，故C选项错误。又从 “In a week I had lost my husband, my home and my parents who had refused to accept a divorce in the family.”可推断，她的父母拒绝接受她的离婚，故选项B错误。D选项未提及。2. The writer went to Hawaii to _. A. free herself from trouble B. spen
45、d her holiday C. earn a living for the family D. realize her childhoods dream 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由第二段前两句话 “Knowing that no one in the world was going to help us, I rented a cheap apartment. I worked 18 hours a day and lost 30 pounds because I lived on one meal a day.”可知，作者带着四个孩子去夏威夷后，没人帮助，住廉价的公寓，一天工作1
46、8个小时，吃一顿饭，故可推断她去夏威夷为了谋生。3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage ? A. The writer is a woman of great determination. B. The writer has been fond of painting. C. The writer sold her first framed painting for 1,500 dollars. D. The writer likes a life full of adventures. 答案解析：答案为C。
47、本题为推理题。结合全文，作者50岁的时候，婚姻瓦解，带着四个孩子到夏威夷，偶然的机会发现了生财之道，利用自己以前的爱好谋生，自力更生，奋斗不息，可推断她是位有决心的伟大女性，故A选项正确。由作者的经历和最后一段的倒数第二句话 “The dream I had more than 40 years ago is now reality.” 可知，作者一直喜欢绘画，故B选项正确。由最后一段首句 “The past six years have been filled with adventures.” 可推断，作者喜欢冒险生活，故选项D正确。 由第三段最后一句话 “The first painti
48、ng sold for $1,500 before I even had time to frame it.” 可知，作者的第一幅画在抽空上框之前就卖了$1,500，选项C与文意不符。故答案为C。4. What would be the best title for this passage? A. My Broken Marriage B. A Hard Life in Hawaii C. Adventures over 6 Years D. My Life After Divorce 答案解析：答案为D。本题考查文章标题。全文描述了作者离婚后去夏威夷如何发现谋生的机会，如何过上幸福自由的快乐生活。故答案为D。