1、2014高考英语语法冲刺专题复习（6）：名词性从句（试题精解）语法专项(六)名词性从句 考点一主语从句1主语从句的引导词通常是：who，that，which，what，when，where，how，whether，why等。What matters most in learning English is enough practice.学习英语最重要的是足够的练习。That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。考题印证(2013东北三省三校高三一联改
2、编)It is _ Tom often breaks the school rules _ makes his teacher unsatisfied with him.解析：考查名词性从句和强调句型。分析句子结构可知，第二空是“it is.that”的强调句型；而第一空则是主语从句，且从句中并不缺少必要的成分，所以只能用that连接。答案：that；that2it作形式主语。主语从句可以放在句子后面，而用it作形式主语放在句首，尤其是that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，即：Itbeadj./n.thatclause。It is obvious to the students that t
3、hey should get well prepared for their future.显而易见，学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。考题印证(2013东北三省四市高三二联改编)It gives his life a flying start _ he has gone abroad for further education.解析：考查名词性从句。句意为：出国深造给他的生活带来了质的飞跃。分析句子成分后可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语为从句“he has gone abroad for further education”，从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。答案：that3whoev
4、er，whatever，whichever引导的主语从句。(1)whoever相当于anyone who，表明泛指关系，表示“任何的人都，凡是的人都”。Whoever breaks the law will be punished.无论是谁违反法律都将受到惩罚。(2)whatever相当于anything that，表示“所的一切，无论”。Whatever was said here must be kept secret.在这里所说的一切都要保密。(3)whichever意为“无论哪个；无论哪些”。既可指人，也可指物；既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可以跟of短语连用。Whichever bo
5、ok you choose doesnt matter to me.你选哪本书不关我的事。考题印证(2013江西改编)_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.解析：考查代词的用法。句意：你们当中无论哪一个打破窗子，都要照价赔偿。四个选项中能与one连用的只有which(ever)。答案：Whichever考点二宾语从句1宾语从句的引导词：that，what，whether，if，where，when，whatever，whoever等。People in Chongqing are proud of what they ha
6、ve achieved in the past ten years.重庆人以过去十年取得的成就而自豪。考题印证1(2013全国改编)Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue.解析：本题考查宾语从句。句意：警察已发现看起来像那件丢失的古代雕像的东西。宾语从句中缺少主语，which哪一个；what什么。答案：what考题印证2(2013北京改编)Experts believe _ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.解析：本题考查名
7、词性从句的引导词。句意：专家认为只有必要的时候才购物，人们才能浪费少量的食品。分析结构可知，此处是Experts believe作主句，that引导的宾语从句，从句不缺少成分。答案：that2由whatever，whichever，whoever，whosever引导的宾语从句。You may do whatever(anything that) you like.你可以做任何你喜欢的事。Return the book to whosever (anyone whose) name is on it.把书还给书上写名字的人。3介词后的宾语从句。Tom is a nice boy, except
8、 that he is sometimes late for school.汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时上学迟到。I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我总是在考虑如何提高口语。4形容词后的宾语从句(that可省略)。Were glad that our football team has won the match.我们很高兴我们的足球队赢了比赛。5it作形式宾语。在“及物动词宾语宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来担任，则通常放在宾补的后面，用形式宾语it来代替它，此时，that一般不可省。I find it nec
9、essary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现我们应花更多时间练习英语口语。考题印证(2013山东改编)Its good to know_the dogs will be well cared for while we are away.解析：本题考查宾语从句。句意：知道在我们离开期间狗们会被好好照顾这很好。It作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语；know后面跟宾语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。答案：that考点三表语从句that和what引导的表语从句的区别。that引导表语从句时，充当连
10、词的作用，没有实际意义，不作句子成分；what引导的表语从句，既充当连接代词的作用，又作句子成分。My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats where the best jobs are.鲍勃，为什么不去市中心碰碰运气呢？在那个地方有最好的工作。考题印证(2013安徽改编)From space, the earth looks blue. This is _ about
11、seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.解析：本题考查表语从句引导词。句意：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它的表面大约71%被水覆盖。That/This is because .是固定句式，“这/那是因为”。答案：because考点四同位语从句1同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt等名词的后面，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面的名词的具体的含义。We should consider the students
12、request that the school library provide more books on popular science.我们应该考虑学生的要求，即学校图书馆应该提供更多的大众科学方面的书籍。The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.(if不能代替whether来引导同位语从句)2同位语从句与定语从句的区别。同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词that只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作
13、一定的句子成分。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容)The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)考题印证(2013浙江改编)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have tot
14、al belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.解析：本题考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：高层次的成功的唯一方法就是要相信在体育运动方面你比任何人都要强。分析结构可知，此处 belief后接了同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，用that引导。答案：that考点五that和what的区别引导名词性从句时，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导名词性从句时，意为“所的(东西)”(有时候可以不译)，在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。What was most imp
15、ortant to her, she told me, was her family.她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。That she will succeed is certain.It is certain that she will succeed.她一定会成功。考题印证(2013天津改编)_ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.解析：本题考查名词性从句。句意：我想要告诉你的是我对我的父母的深深的爱与尊重。分析句子成分，is是系动词，the deep love and respe
16、ct是表语，is前的从句为主语从句。在这个主语从句中，tell后要跟双宾语，所以tell you后缺一个宾语，名词性从句缺宾语，要用what 来引导，故选D项。答案：What考点六“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”的区别“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”虽然都有“无论”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“no matter疑问词”只能用来引导状语从句。The book can be of great help to whoever wants to do the job.那本书对于想要做这份工作的人很有帮助。Whate
17、ver/No matter what you say, I will not believe you.无论你说什么，我都不相信。考题印证At the evening party the host said _ was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as reward.来源:解析：此处whoeveranyone who引导主语从句，而whomever在句子中只能作宾语。no matter who只引导让步状语从句。答案：whoever强 化 训 练1.(2013四川改编)_ you said at the meeting de
18、scribes a bright future for the company.答案：What本题考查名词性从句中连词的用法。因为本题主语从句中said缺少宾语，而且主句中describes缺少主语，故选择what作主语成分。2(2013重庆改编)_ struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.答案：What本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：电影中最打动我的是那位父亲对他儿子的深深的爱。分析结构可知，_ struck me most in the movie为主语从句，从句缺少主语，用what引导。that
19、引导名词性从句，仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分；it不能引导从句；which引导名词性从句时，可以作主语、宾语与表语，但是表示特指。3We were all surprised when she made it clear _ she would retire soon.答案：that考查名词性从句的引导词。本句中it是形式宾语，clear后的从句是真正的宾语。“she would retire soon”不缺少成分，所以用连接词that引导该宾语从句。4It is none of your business _ other people think about you. Believe you
20、rself.答案：what考查名词性从句。分析题干句子结构可知，it是形式主语，真正主语是“_ other people think about you”，且在这个主语从句中缺连接词和think的宾语。在四个选项中，只有what既能作连接词又能在从句中充当句子成分。句意为：别人怎么看你，不关你的事。要相信你自己。5Only the white collars themselves know _ others see as a good life is actually a boring life.答案：what考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，know后所接的宾语从句中“_ others se
21、e as a good life”为主语从句。所填连接词相当于the thing that，应既引导该主语从句，又作see的宾语。6_ worries me a lot is that I keep forgetting what I have just done.答案：What考查名词性从句。what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。7What is concerning us greatly is _ the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free.答案：when考查名词性从句。when作引导词引导表语从句，并在从句中作
22、时间状语。句意为：最使我们担心的是昨天在该地区被劫持的工人什么时候将被释放。8It seemed to me that she was in doubt _ Timmy lived or died.答案：whether考查名词性从句。根据句意及空格后面的or可知。whether.or.意为“是还是”，是常用结构。此处whether引导同位语从句，解释doubt的具体内容。9Before space travel, an astronaut must know _ it might feel like to stay in an imaginary enviroment.答案：what考查宾语从
23、句。句意为：在太空旅行之前，宇航员必须知道在想象环境里的感觉是什么样子。“_ it might feel like to stay in an imaginary environment”作谓语动词know的宾语，因为这个从句缺少宾语成分，只有what可作介词like的宾语。10You should explore your talents so as to find out _ your real interests lie.答案：where考查名词性从句。where引导宾语从句，在从句中作状语。11_ female college graduates get a job appears t
24、o be rather difficult nowadays in China.答案：That考查主语从句。句意为：在中国，目前女大学毕业生找工作似乎很难。分析句子成分可知，主语从句中不缺任何成分，只缺引导词。that引导主语从句时在从句中不作成分，但不能省略。12Her experience in several places gave her an outstanding sense of _ made successful management.答案：what考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，“of”后面为一个宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，所以应用连接代词“what”引导。13I dont
25、 know _ the future holds in store for me, but Ill face the storms of life bravely.答案：what考查名词性从句。分析句子成分可知，“_ the future holds in store for me”是名词性从句，在此从句中，动词hold后缺少宾语，故用what引导。句意为：我不知道将来会有什么事情在等着我，但是我会勇敢面对人生中的暴风雨。14Life is all about choices. Its your choice _ you live a life.I quite agree. Its you t
26、hat choose to be in a good mood or bad mood.答案：how考查名词性从句。由语境可知，生活就是一种选择，如何生活是你自己的选择。副词how在句中作方式状语。15She hasnt finished the work, so there is little chance _ she will be back in time.答案：that考查名词性从句。句意为：她还没有完成工作，所以她能按时回来的可能性很小。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，指chance的内容。从句中不缺少任何成分，所以用that来引导同位语从句。16The strange th
27、ing about Nicholas is _ he taught himself to read before he could speak.答案：that考查表语从句。分析题干可知，is后面接的是表语从句，在这一表语从句中，read为不及物动词，后面不缺成分，因此，应该使用不作成分的that来引导该表语从句。17You see, Im poor in maths, you are not good at English, and.Thats _ we should help each other.答案：where考查表语从句。where引导表语从句。句意为：这正是我们需要互相帮助的地方。其
28、他选项不合语境。18There is a saying, “Life is 10% _ happens to us and 90% _ we respond to it.”答案：what；how考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，其中“_ happens to us and 90% _ we respond to it”是两个并列表语从句，第一个空白处在从句充当主语，又是引导词，此处指的是内容，应该使用“what”，第二个表语从句不缺主语和宾语，引导词作的是方式状语，应该使用“how”。19The Green Corporation donated the property to the sta
29、te of California, with one condition _ the Green family would be allowed to use it when they wished.答案：that考查名词性从句。句意为：格林公司把这片地产捐赠给了加州政府，唯一的条件是格林家族在需要时可以使用它。condition后面接的是同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，因此用连接词that。20It is _ he often fails in exams _ makes his parents worried about him.答案：that；that考查主语从句和强调句的用法。句意为：正是
30、他经常考试不及格使得他的父母为他担忧。第一个空处为主语从句，且从句中不缺少句子成分，所以应使用连词that引导。第二个空处为强调句，也应使用that连接。21Everybody likes to work with _ is reliable and easy to get on with.答案：whoever考查名词性从句。句意为：人人都喜欢和值得信赖且容易相处的人一起工作。work with sb.意为“与某人共事”。因此空格处内容既是work with的宾语，同时也是后面句子的主语，whoever相当于anyone who，符合题意。22This book will show the r
31、eaders _ what they have observed can be used in other contexts.答案：how考查宾语从句。句意为：这本书会展示给读者，他们所观察到的东西如何运用到其他场合中。由语境可知，how what they have observed作show的宾语。23We have been informed that he had done _ visits were essential by eleven oclock last night.答案：what考查名词性从句。根据语境可知，有人通知我们说，他在昨晚11点前已经把该拜访的人都拜访到了。分析句
32、子成分可知，动词do后缺宾语，其后是what引导的宾语从句。24I have learned from a book that _ is most valuable is not _ we have in our lives, but who we have in our lives.答案：what；what考查名词性从句。第一空用what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语；第二空用what引导表语从句，且在从句中作宾语。25Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is _ he cant enjoy while living in big and modern cities.答案：what考查名词性从句。句意为：乡村的生活让他感到平静、安宁，这是他生活在现代大城市里所无法享受到的。空白处用what连接名词性从句且在从句中充当enjoy的宾语。26Male nurses are not _ are needed most, but female doctors are.答案：what考查名词性从句。句意为：男护士不是最需要的，但女医生却是最需要的。该句子中空白处用连接代词连接表语从句，且表语从句中缺少主语，指男护士人才，而不是指做某事的人，所以用what不用who。