1、高考英语短文改错题型解读20132016年高考英语各大题平均分对照表题型年度单项填空完形填空阅读理解短文改错书面表达201310.3619.5326.284.1612.2020148.7015.0026.004.2011.9920168.2516.224.82.412.252016年新课标短文改错【小题难度】题号难度题号难度第1处0.16*第6处0.31*第2处0.24*第7处0.22*第3处0.40*第8处0.12*第4处0.32*第9处0.13*第5处0.31*第10处0.16*2016年考生短文改错的得分分布情况得分比例（%）得分比例（%）023.6064.59117.2071.7621
2、5.8980.50315.0990.10412.6010058.80说明：不累计计算一、命题特点和命题趋向 1.高考短文改错题大都内容较为浅显，题材较为轻松。2.短文改错所考查的词类涉及广泛，难度适中。3.短文改错题中的错误分为语法错误和逻辑错误两种。二、考查要点 1词法的测试 2句法的测试 3语篇的测试 3语篇的测试(1)冠词的使用是否有误 (2)名词的单复数、格的使用是否有误 (3)代词的格、性的使用是否有误，作主语的代词与谓语在数上是否一致 (4)谓语动词（包括情态动词在内)的时态、语态、语气是否正确 (5)非谓语动词的使用是否正确 (6)介词的使用是否有误，有无多余或遗漏 (7)形容词
3、与副词是否混用，以及它们的比较级和最高级运用是否正确 (8)并列句中的并列连词、复合句中的从属连词用得是否准确 (9)定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词是否错误 (1 0)句子的主谓是否一致，主句与从句的时态是否呼应 (1 1)省略与替代是否准确 (1 2)上下文的代词、时态、逻辑是否保持一致 三、考查热点 1一致性问题 2语境与逻辑关系 3.英汉语言表达的差异 四、解题技巧实例多词 (1)多助动词 (2)多冠词(3)多介词或副词(4)多连词(5)多代词 (6)多小品词“to“缺词(1)缺助动词或系动词be (2)缺冠词 (3)缺介词 (4)缺连词 (5)缺代词 (6)缺小品词to 错词(1)词形
4、错误 1名词词形错误 2动词词形错误 3形容词和副词词形错误4词性选择错误 5句法结构错误(2)选择错误 四、解题技巧实例-多词 (1)多助动词实例 I make sure that John will come earlyIf you will study harder，you will pass the examinationTom had finished the work and went home (2)多冠词实例 Ill go to the Zhengzhou Airport tomorrow morningThe boys are playing thea football no
5、wMary will come back from Japan by the planeShe goes to the factory every dayHave you had thea breakfast?四、解题技巧实例-多词(3)多介词或副词实例 Wang Ming finished a novel in last monthThe young man promised to marry with herBecause of Mary was ill，she missed examShe got to home early yesterday eveningI looked at bu
6、t could see nothing(4)多连词实例 She doesnt know that which one he will chooseShe sat near a fire and thinkingThough she was ill，but she still studied very hard四、解题技巧实例-多词(5)多代词实例 He bought the computer(that)he had first asked for itThe room is nice to live in it(6)多小品词“to实例 The boss made him to do heavy
7、 work You had better not to go home四、解题技巧实例-缺词(1)缺助动词或系动词be实例When the teacher came in，the students readingEnglish taught in many schoolsThe little girl afraid of snacks(2)缺冠词实例 She was younger of the two sistersShe is such honest girl that all of us like herThis is so interesting book that I ll buy
8、it四、解题技巧实例-缺词(3)缺介词实例 The students are preparing the examinationsHe came on foot instead of car(4)缺连词实例 She is beautiful is known to all of usTell me you will do it or notI went to his officehe came to mine四、解题技巧实例-缺词(5)缺代词实例 Shanghai is bigger than any city in ChinaYesterday he bought a watch but h
9、e lostIn order that caught the first bus，she got up very earlyThe accident happened yesterday was very serious(6)缺小品词“to实例 She was seen cross the street and go into a shopHe asked them not go there四、解题技巧实例-错词(1)词形错误 1名词词形错误实例 The knifes are not in the bagThere is some milks in the bottle2动词词形错误实例 I
10、had knew John before he lived hereHe likes mending things and plays basketballThe policeman stoped the young manKing is help the old man carry waterThe teacher dont like what the boy did四、解题技巧实例-错词 3形容词和副词词形错误实例 He is cleverest than any other student in his classShe is much taller in her class 4词性选择
11、错误实例 The old man feels coldlyShe doesnt study good 5句法结构错误实例 She had to take care of her younger sister，hadnt she?It took her fifteen minutes get to school四、解题技巧实例-错词(2)选择错误 助动词、情态动词选择错误 冠词选择错误 介词或小品词选择错误 连词选择错误或连词与介词混淆 人称代词的格。人称代词与反身词。先行词it(作主语或宾语)与指示代词。不定代词与限定词。关系代词选词错误 五、作答要求 短文改错题是考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语
12、的准确性。其作答要求是严格的，操作也是复杂的，作答时一定要讲究规范、准确。六、考生常犯的错误及常见解题失误 1考生常犯的错误 2短文改错常见的解题失误(1)未通读全文就急于改错。He said he couldnt help get in the crops,but the next morning he arrived in time at the farm on his tractor.(2)不注意评析句子结构。The girl was so afraid at the loud noise that came from the door which she kept still in b
13、ed and dared not make a sound.He lives in Pisa，which stood the famous leaning tower六、考生常犯的错误及常见解题失误 (3)只看语法而忽视语义 He found that there was no book to be read at the library，so he walked out soon afterwards (4)忽略文中暗示 One hot morning last July，when our new baby wouldnt or couldnt sleep Our country sent
14、up several kinds of man-made satellites since 1970六、考生常犯的错误及常见解题失误 (5)忽略词的搭配。We spent such a busy afternoon and we all felt exhaustedSometimes there are ten of thousands of ants in one nest(6)做题不按要求任意添加文字说明 七、解题步骤及策略 1通读全文，掌握大意 2整句理解，逐行推敲 3复读全文，检查核对 八复习备考中的注意事项 1每拿到一篇短文改错题，首先细读文章，从上下文中摸清文章是写人还是叙事 Th
15、e face of a panda looks like a cat.2对于每行中出现的动词要先确定是非谓语动词还是谓语动词 The man with his two children were begging along the street八复习备考中的注意事项 3注意各类非谓语动词的运用规律，确立文中的时态基调 Weather permitted，1 will go skatingHe turned on the light and found two men seating on the sofa 4要特别注意冠词的一般使用规则和特殊用法 Camels can run at about
16、 l 5 kilometers in an hour.5词类误用或固定短语混用的情况 It is kind for you to help me finish my work八复习备考中的注意事项 6对于同义词、近义词和反义词误用的情况 The noise pollution is a big question in the world today 7对于逻辑错误或常识错误一类的问题 You can wash your face first before you get up and then do some morning exercises.九.复习建议（1）训练学生以语篇为整体、以句子为
17、单位，从词法、句法和逻辑关系等方面来诊断错误；（2）训练学生从语法着手、兼顾行文逻辑改错，尤其要从整体上把握短文的时态和语态，学会分析句子结构，弄清词性与句子成分之间的关系，掌握常用介词的用法，弄清名词的可数与不可数，还要弄清上下文的逻辑关系；（3）告诫学生不要随意改变词义，除了行文逻辑或逻辑意义出错以外，所改错误大多数是在同根词上作修改；九.复习建议（4）训练学生规范答题，严格按照题目要求做题。例如，改错标示要正确，书写单词要工 整、清晰，坚持做到一一对应，识错、纠错 数量要合乎题目要求；（5）将语法学习与改错相结合，将书面表达与改错相结合，在纠错中不断提高对语篇的校验能力。Thanks for your listening!2016-11-19
