1、2014高考英语文章阅读类：2013暑假练习题（19）及答案解析：阅读理解（全部原创）第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。 ANow comes word from the University of California, Berkeley, a new study has confirmed that the richer you are the less compassionate you areIn a study just published in the journal Emotion, psychologis
2、t Jennifer Stellar sought to determine the empathic（感情移入的） capacities of a group of 300 college students, who had been hand-selected for maximum economic diversity. As a rule, college students have just one income level: poor. Stellar thus chose her subjects based on the income of the people who res
3、pond to the requests and write the checks: the parents.In the first of three experiments, she had 148 of her subjects fill out reports how often they experience emotions such as joy, love, compassion and horror. She also had them agree or disagree with statements like “I often notice people who need
4、 help.” When the numbers on these lists were processed, Stellar found no meaningful personality differences among the students that could be attributable to income except one: across the board, the lower the subjects family income, the higher their score on compassion.The second study involved 64 su
5、bjects who watched two videos an emotionally neutral instructional video on construction techniques, and a far more charged one that involved real families coping with a cancer-stricken child. Again, the subjects filled out emotional lists and again they scored similarly. But the lower-income volunt
6、eers continued to come out higher on the compassion-and-empathy scale.During this study, Stellar also used heartbeat monitors to determine their physical reactions to the two videos. There was, not surprisingly, no difference in heart rate when the instructional video was playing, but when the cance
7、r stories began, the heartbeats of the lower-income volunteers slowed noticeably a counterintuitive(违反直觉的) sign of caring. An immediate threat to ourselves or another causes heart rate to jump, the better to snap into action to respond to the danger. An emotional crisis can have the opposite physica
8、l effect on observers helping them settle down to provide the quieter attention that simply listening and comforting requires.In the final part of the study, 106 of the participants were paired off and told to interview each other as if they were applying for a position as lab manager. So that the s
9、ubjects would have real skin in the game, the ones who performed best in the interviews as judged by Stellar would win a cash prize. All of the subjects reported feeling the same levels of stress or anxiety when they were being interviewed, but only the lower-income subjects were reliably able to de
10、tect the same feelings in their partner when the roles were reversed.So does this mean the rich really cant feel the poor? A low score on the compassion scale doesnt mean a lack of capacity for the feeling, Stellar argues. It may just mean a lack of experience observing and tending to the hardship o
11、thers. Perhaps that helps explain why so many wealthy college kids find their way into the Peace Corps and other volunteer groups.50. According to the text, which of the following statement is true?A. All the subjects went through all the 3 experiments.B. Stellar carefully chose 300 college students
12、 according their personal income level.C. The rich really lacks the ability to feel pity for the poor.D. All the 3 experiments proved the same result.51. In Stellas opinion, the lower-income volunteers heart rate lowers when _.A. When they are having their first lesson in a new school.B. They are ta
13、lking to someone they admire so much.C. They are trapped in a building suddenly on fire.D. They find someone is injured in an accident on the road.52. We can infer from the third experiment that _.A. Lab manager is a position with low income.B. The lower-income subjects win the cash prize.C. The int
14、erviewers are stressed and anxious when interviewing others.D. Both the interviewers and interviewees know the feelings in each other.53. The underlined “across the board” probably means _.A. applying to all B. on the oppositeC. from one side to the other D. for instance54.What can be the best title
15、 of the text?A. Without money? Thats not a big dealB. Hate money? Then try to be low-incomeC. Got money? Then you might lack sympathyD. Too much money? Come to experience hardships BParents divorced, little Buddy was in the care of his mothers large Alabama family. Over the years, Buddy seldom saw e
16、ither of his parents. But he was happy where he was and he had many kindly relatives, among whom Miss Sook was by far his best friend. Before Christmas, Buddys father had managed to get legal custody(法定监护) of him for this Christmas. So, he had a new suit, with a card pinned with his name and address
17、 and made the trip alone, by bus, to New Orleans.Several things occurred that kept me awake the whole night. First, the footfalls, the noise of my father running up and down the stairs, breathing heavily, I had to see what he was up to. So I hid and watched. There was a Christmas tree and the firepl
18、ace downstairs. Moreover, I could see my father. He was crawling around under the tree arranging a pyramid of packages. I felt dizzy, for what I saw forced me to reconsider everything. If these were presents intended for me, then obviously they had not been ordered by the Lord and delivered by Santa
19、 Claus; no, they were gifts bought and wrapped by my father. Which meant that my rotten little cousin Billy Bob and other rotten kids like him werent lying when they laughed at me and told me there was no Santa Claus. The worst thought was: Had Sook known the truth, and lied to me? No, Sook would ne
20、ver lie to me. She believed. It was just thatwell, though she was sixty-something, in some ways she was at least as much of a child as I was. I waited until I was sure he was in bed and sound asleep. Then I crept downstairs and examined the tags attached to each of the packages. They all said: “For
21、Buddy.” I decided to open the packages: It was Christmas morning. I was awake, so why not? I wont bother to describe what was inside them: just shirts and sweaters and dull stuff like that. The only thing I appreciated was a toy gun. Somehow I got the idea it would be fun to waken my father by firin
22、g it. So I did. Bang. Bang. Bang. He raced out of his room, wild-eyed, Bang. Bang. Bang. “Buddywhat the hell do you think youre doing? Bang. Bang. Bang. “Stop that!” I laughed. “ Look, Daddy. Look at all wonderful things Santa Claus brought me.” Calm now, he walked into the room and hugged me. “You
23、like what Santa Claus brought you?” I smiled at him. He smiled at me. There was a tender lingering(逗留不去的) moment, damaged when I said: “Yes. But what are you going to give me, Daddy?” His smile evaporated. His eyes narrowed suspiciouslyyou could see that he thought I was pulling some kind of trick.
24、But then he blushed, as though he was ashamed to be thinking what he was thinking. He patted my head, and coughed and said: “Well, I thought Id wait and let you pick out something you wanted. Is there anything particular you want?” I reminded him of the airplane we had seen in the toy store on Canal
25、 Street. His face sagged. Oh, yes, he remembered the airplane and how expensive it was. Nevertheless, the next day I was sitting in that airplane dreaming I was zooming toward heaven while my father wrote out a check for a happy salesman, who promised to help ship the plane on the bus. But I wasnt f
26、ree of New Orleans yet. The problem was a large bottle of wine; maybe it was because of my departure, but anyway my father had been drinking it all day, and on the way to the bus station, he scared me by grabbing my wrist and harshly whispering: “Im not going to let you go. I cant let you go back to
27、 that crazy family in that crazy old house. Just look at what theyve done to you. A boy six, almost seven, talking about Santa Claus! Its all their fault, all those sour old spinsters with their Bibles and their knitting needles, those drunken uncles. Listen to me, Buddy. There is no God! There is n
28、o Santa Claus.” He was squeezing my wrist so hard that it ached. “Kiss me. Please. Please. Kiss me. Tell your daddy that you love him.” But I couldnt speak. I was terrified I was going to miss my bus. And I was worried about my plane, which was strapped to the top of the taxi. “Say it: I love you. S
29、ay it. Please. Buddy. Say it.” It was lucky for me that our taxi-driver was a good-hearted man. Because if it hadnt been for his help, and the help of some efficient porters and a friendly policeman, I dont know what would have happened when we reached the station. My father was so drunk he could ha
30、rdly walk, but the policeman talked to him, quieted him down, helped him to stand straight, and the taxi-man promised to take him safely home. But my father would not leave until he had seen the porters put me on the bus. Once I was on the bus, I crouched in a seat and shut my eyes. I felt the stran
31、gest pain. A crushing pain that hurt everywhere. I thought if I took off my heavy city shoes, those crucifying monsters, the agony would ease. I took them off, but the mysterious pain did not leave me. In a way it never has; never will. Twelve hours later I was home in bed. The room was dark. Sook w
32、as sitting beside me, rocking in a rocking chair, a sound as soothing（令人舒畅的）as ocean waves. I had tried to tell her everything that had happened, and only stopped when I was hoarse（嘶哑的）as a howling dog. She stroked her fingers through my hair, and said: “Of course there is a Santa Clause. Its just t
33、hat no single somebody could do all he has to do. So the Lord has spread the task among us all. Thats why everybody is Santa Claus. I am. You are. Even you cousin Billy Bob. Now go to sleep. Count stars. Think of the quietest thing. Like snow. Im sorry you didnt get to see any. But now snow is falli
34、ng through the stars” Stars sparkled, snow whirled inside my head; the last thing I remembered was the peaceful voice of the Lord telling me something I must do. And the next day I did it. I went with Sook to the post office and bought a penny postcard. That same postcard exists today. It was found
35、in my fathers safety deposit box when he died last year. Here is what I had written him: Hello pop hope you are well I am and I am turning to pedal my plane so fast I will soon be in the sky so keep your eyes open and yes I love you Buddy.55.When Buddy asked his Daddy for Christmas presents, his fat
36、hers reaction suggested that _.A. He felt sorry he forgot to prepare presents for his son.B. He thought his son should have known all the presents were sent by him, not Santa Claus.C. It was difficult for him to accept that his son is so greedy.D. He was ashamed of not knowing what his son liked.56.
37、 Once Buddy was on the bus, he felt the strangest pain . The reason probably is _.A. His father squeezed him so hard that it ached.B. His father was very drunk and had difficulty returning home.C. He didnt say “I love you” to his father.D. He had an argument with his father at home.57. Which of the
38、following statements is NOT true?A. Buddy didnt tell his Daddy “I love you” until his death.B Buddys father and Miss Sook were people of different personalities.C. Buddy still held the belief that there was Santa Claus.D. Buddy finally mailed a postcard to his father.58. What can be inferred from th
39、e first paragraph?A. Cousin Billy Bob had a good relationship with Buddy.B. Miss had no idea of Santa Clause, and lied to Buddy.C. Father loved Buddy very much and prepared a lot of gifts for him.D. Buddy was afraid of his father for they had been separated long time.59. The following words can desc
40、ribe Miss Sook except _.A. old B. clever C. naughty D. trusted60. Which of the following can be the best title of passage?A. Is There a Santa Clause in the World?B. A Christmas MemoryC. How to Celebrate Christmas in a Meaningful Way?D. A Christmas of a Divorced Family第二节：下面文章中有5处（第6165题）需要添加小标题。请从以下
41、选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中选出符合各段意思的小标题，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。A. Find Friends FastB. Meet Twitter UsersC. Forward the TwitterD. Be Yourself, but BewareE. Use Twitter from Your DesktopF. Dont Be Afraid to Interact with OthersTips on Being a Good TwittererTwitter or micro-blogging, is really more of a soc
42、ial commons than a full-blown social network like MySpace or Facebook. It pretty much does one thing: allows people to tweet what theyre up to (or what theyre thinking about) in 140 characters or less. Since were sticking with the less is more aesthetic, Im just going to give you 5 Twitter tips inst
43、ead of the 10 I could have stretched this into. 61. _ Say whatever you feel like saying, but remember that whatever you write could exist in the digital universe forever. Proceed with extreme caution.62. _ If you like something they say, reply by clicking the little grey arrow that appears when you
44、hover over one of their tweets. You can also simply type in username (replacing username with whatever their username happens to be on Twitter). This is the formal way to address someone on Twitter. 63. _ Twitter has something called an API (Application Programming Interface), which allows programme
45、rs to create experiences around Twitter for the community. Because of this, there have been an amazing array of applications released that will allow you to manage your Twitter account easily. Theres Twitterrific, TweetDeck, and Twhirl - just to name a few.64. _ If youre looking for new friends, a q
46、uick search for some of your favorite things on will quickly reveal who you should be friending on Twitter. Maybe theyll follow you back?65._ Keep your eye out for these things. Theyre meetups for people on Twitter, and theres likely one happening regularly in your neck of the woods. Ive taken to ho
47、sting one monthly in the Seattle area, as a matter of fact. Meet Twitter people - tweeps, tweeple - in meatspace!Do you have any Twitter tips to pass along? You could even share the link to this article on Twitter and it might become the most popular story today! 参考答案及评分标准41-45 CCCAC 46-50 DDAC 51-5
48、5 DDBAC 56-60 BCACCB(2*20=40)61-65 DFEAB(2*5=10)答案详解1. B考查情景交际。句意为：为什么不在休息间隙去喝杯茶？不，我没心情。A项意为“不，我没零钱。”C项为“不，我不渴。”D项意为“不，这次我请客。”根据句意应选B。2. D 考查冠词。the New York Times 是专有名词，news 是不可数名词，故填零冠词。句意：“作为美国的精英报纸，纽约时报居然把谣言当作突发新闻报道。”3. C考查动词辨析。expose 意为“揭露，揭发；使曝光；显示”；admire意为“钦佩；赞美”；distinguish 意为“区分；辨别；使杰出，使表现突
49、出”；hide 意为“隐藏；隐瞒”。句意：他有一些别与常人的能力。4. A考查形容词辨析。modest 意为“适中的，适度的”；sharp意为“锋利的, 尖锐的”； regular意为“有规律的, 定期的,”amazing意为 “令人惊异的”。本句意为：人们能够接受价格年年增长，但应当是适度的。5. D 考查非谓语。the last Thursday of November 与observe 之间是动宾关系，又所表示动作是将来时，所以用不定式的被动语态做宾补。句意为：在1863年，林肯总统签署了一个宣言，主张把每年十一月的最后一个星期四定位感恩节。故选D。6. A 考查副词辨析。apparen
50、tly意为“显然地”；rarely意为“很少地, 难得地”；secretly意为“秘密地;背地里”；desperately意为“绝望地;不顾一切地”。 句意为：他很显然对这个消息非常吃惊，一个业余选手居然打败了排名前十的职业选手。根据句意应选A。7. B 考查名词辨析。in peace意为“平安地, 安静地”；in emergency意为“在紧急情况下”；in comfort意为“舒舒服服地”; in amazement意为“吃惊地”。句意为：最令她骄傲的是，身处险境，她毫不慌张。根据句意选B。8. C 考查连词的用法。句意为：没有人可以忽视这个事实，他的妻子是独立的，即使她的丈夫赚了全部或大
51、多数家庭收入。even if意为“即使”，符合语境，故选C。9. D 考查时态辨析。句意为：美军在下个月末将会已经撤离伊拉克，从开始驻军到撤离有9年了。根据by the end of next month 可知要用将来完成时，故选D。10. D 考查情景交际。句意为：不好意思，我的狗使你的女儿受到了惊吓。没什么，动物终归是动物。A项为“她活该”；B项为“人人都有得意日”；C 项为“祸不单行”。根据句意，B项符合题意。11. D 考查非谓语动词。leave sth +宾补，这里用unchecked 来对助于进行补充说明。句意为：你可能会犯更多的错误，如果你的文章不加检查的话。非常感谢。你能给我一
52、些如何修改它的建议吗？故选D。12. B考查连词辨析。分析句子可知空格处引导宾语从句，从句已为完整句子，考虑连接副词，根据句意应选B。句意：在各种仪式中，世界人口在星期一达到了七十亿，也引起了人们对日益增长的人口究竟会如何影响地球的资源这一问题的关注。13. A考查介词短语辨析。with regard to 意为“关于”；as a result of 意为“由于的结果”；in spite of 意为“尽管”； in addition to 意为“除之外”。 句意为：关于化学泄露所产生的后果，专家在拿到准确的数据之前，还没有给出最后结论。故选A。14. B 考查情态动词的用法。在让步状语从句中，
53、用may/might。句意为：尽管你尽力了，他是不会听吸烟潜在危害的忠告的。故选B。15. C 考查动词短语辨析。leave out 意为“遗漏, 省略, 删去”； wear out意为“(使)筋疲力尽, 耗尽”；carry away 意为“使激动, 使着迷”；be taken in 意为“被欺骗”。句意为：张教授昨天的讲座怎么样啊？听众们都被他鼓舞人心的演讲吸引了。根据句意应选C。16. D 考查动词词组辨析。get across意为“使.被理解”；take back 意为“拿回；撤消”； hang about意为“徘徊，闲荡”；turn around意为“1. (使)转身，(使)转向;2.
54、 使变好，朝好的方向转变”。句意为：由于毒奶粉事件，公司正在进行广告宣传活动来挽回自身形象。根据句意应选D。17. D 考查定语从句介词+关系代词的用法。a confident smile on his face.句意为：从他脸上自信的笑容来判断，我们知道他没灰心。故选D。18. B 考查代词的用法和固定用法。make something of oneself 意为“取得成功”句意为：李娜自成为网球选手以来，已在网球世界取得了巨大成功。根据句意选B。19. C 考查定语从句。分析句子可知空格出引导定语从句，we thought 是插入语，从句缺少主语，应考虑用关系代词，又是非限制性定语从句，故
55、选C。20. A 考查虚拟语气。might have done 意为“过去可能是做什么的”，是对过去肯定的猜测。句意为：在市里的一处工地上，工人们挖出了一道以前可能是用来御敌的城墙，但这还有待进一步验证。根据句意选A。文章大意A 文章介绍了一个新的研究，证实了人钱越多同情心越少的这一说法。50. D 细节判断题。从三个试验的最后描述情况都验证了同一个结果：钱越少的人越容易起同情心。故选D。51. D 细节理解题。从文章的第五段可以看出，低收入的志愿者的心跳会下降当他们看到路上有人在事故中受伤时。故选D。52.B 推理判断题。从倒数第二段but only the lower-income sub
56、jects were reliably able to detect the same feelings in their partner when the roles were reversed.可推断出是低收入志愿者在试验表现中更好。故选B。53. A 词义推测题。Stellar发现这些学生没有因为家庭收入而又明显个性上的不同，除了一条：所有试验体都适用-家庭收入越低，他们的同情分越高。故选A。54. C 主旨大意题。根据全文可知，C项正是这次研究的结果。文章大意B 通过主人公小Buddy 小时候一段与爸爸共度圣诞的经历，向我们讲述了父子之情、亲情、人性的美好。55. B 细节理解题。从第
57、四段His smile evaporated. His eyes narrowed suspiciouslyyou could see that he thought I was pulling some kind of trick. But then he blushed, as though he was ashamed to be thinking what he was thinking可以看出父亲觉得我应该知道礼物是他送的，而不是圣诞老人。56. C 细节理解题。从倒数第四段父亲一定要我说“我爱你”，而我却不肯说。我明明感受到了父亲的爱，却表达不出来，这让我感到非常痛苦。故选C。57
58、. A 细节判断题。从最后一段That same postcard exists today. It was found in my fathers safety deposit box when he died last year.可知父亲是收到了我的明信片并一直把它保存在保险箱里。父亲早就知道了我对他的感情。故选A。58. C 从第一段父亲连夜准备礼物，running up and down the stairs, breathing heavily等细节可知，父亲非常在意我的圣诞节，准备了很多礼物。顾答案选C。59. C 归纳题。从第一段she was sixty-something可知她是年纪大的；从最后一段她给我解释有没有圣诞老人是可以知道她又是睿智的；从第一段我对她的印象和最后一段又可以看出，她是值得信赖的。故选C。60. B 主旨大意题。综合全文可知，尤其是最后我又现身提到了那封明信片，所以“圣诞的回忆”最符合题意。故选B。*61-65 DFEAB*结束
