1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(the Participle Adjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：spoken English(英语口语)；iced beer(冰冻啤酒)；一、动词-ed形式作定语cooked food(熟食);fried chips(炸土豆条);但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:boiled water(开水);fallen leaves(落叶);the
2、risen sun(升起的太阳)等。1.The tall man is a returned student高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2.My parents are both retired teachers我的父母都是退休教师。(1)前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。The excited people rushed into building.激动的人们冲进大楼。(=the people who were excited)Lost time can never be found again虚度的时光,无法挽回。(=time which is los
3、t)(2)后置定语少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。1.Everything used should be marked所有用过的东西应该做好标记。2.Among the invited were some ladies被邀请的人中,有些是女士。3.The books left are for my students剩下的书是给我的学生的。动词-ed形式短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态
4、的定语从句。1.Is there anything planned for tonight?今晚有什么活动吗?(=that has been planned for tonight)2.The meeting,attended by a lot of people,was a success这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。(=which was attended by a lot of people)3.We drank some boiled water (=which had boiled)and went on with our work.我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。注意:这里的过去
5、分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词,改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。练习题1)Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 2)The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.writ
6、ten3)The Olympic games,in 776 BC,didnt include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first playedC.first played D.to be first playing4)Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores.A.are bought B.bought C.been boughtD.buying过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情
7、等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后,他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it,we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。二、动词-ed形式作表语常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的)；broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的);delighted(高兴的)；lost(丢失的)；
8、gone(遗失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的)tired(疲劳的)pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised(吃惊的);married(已婚的)；known(著名的)等等作表语的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修饰。I was very pleased at the news听了这消息我很高兴。He grew much tired of the work他十分厌倦这工作。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。1)Cle
9、aning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay2)As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.A.separated B.sparedC.lost D.missed练习题3)The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B.seatingC.seated D.to be se
10、ating 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。She found the door broken in when she came back 她回来时发现有人破门而人。My grandfather had his old house rebuilt我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。Will you please make yourself heard to us,please?请你大声点让我们都听到你说的话,好吗？少数不及物动词的过去
11、分词用作宾补时,强调动作完成后的状态.They found all the guests gone whenthey woke up.当他们醒来时,发现所有的客人都走了。动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。1.I must get my bike repaired我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语)2.The girl was found beaten black and blue人们发现那女孩被
12、打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语)(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。We thought the game lost我们认为球赛输了。I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。She felt a great weight taken off her mind她觉得心里轻松了些。They considered the matter settled他们认为这问题解决了。(2)动
13、词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。I have my hair cut once a month我每个月理一次发。He was trying to make himself understood他正努力使别人听懂自己。She held her hands pressed against her face.她用双手按着脸。(请人)把某事做完。She had her house repaired她请人把屋子修好了。Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪儿理的发?“have+宾语+done
14、”结构有三个含义：遭遇某种意外情况。He had his hat blown away on his way home在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。完成某事(自己也可能参与)。I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。He has had one thousand yuan saved this year他今年已存了1000元。(3)动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want,wis
15、h,expect,order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。The students wish the TV serial plays continued学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在后面。With many brightly
16、 colored flowers planted around the building,his house looks like a beautiful garden周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。1)-Good morning.Can I help you?-Id like to have this package _,madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighedC.to weigh D.weighed练习题2)The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.playing B.to b
17、e playingC.play D.played3)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out4)Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.A.it B.it repairedC.repaired D.to be repaired1.Learn useful words and expressions by heart and practice them.2.Finish exercise on pages 23 and 24.Homework