1、Which English Module 4 Section Grammar复习状语和状语从句课前自主领悟语法要点精析针对强化训练目录Contents 课前自主领悟语法图解探究发现It can sound very different from place to place.For example,within London the most famous dialect is cockney.One woman was lying in bed,awake.A customer came up to the author holding a copy of the book and said
2、 Emma Chissit.The boy needs a pen to do his homework.Well start our project if the president agrees.Ill give you an answer immediately Ive finished reading the report.The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort the moment he returned to his office.Poor as he was,he was honest.
3、我的发现(1)_句为词语作状语，_句为句子作状语。(2)_为非谓语动词作状语。(3)句中的条件状语从句用_代替一般将来时。(4)句用_引导状语从句；句用_引导时间状语从句。(5)句中的状语从句使用了_语序。一般现在时副词名词性短语倒装语法要点精析一、状语(一)概念修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，叫作状语。用作状语的通常是副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。(二)不同形式的状语1副词(短语)作状语The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)The boy needs
4、 a pen now./Now the boy needs a pen./The boy now needs a pen.男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)2介词短语作状语Before his mother Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前，汤姆总是个孩子。(地点状语)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.星期天，教室里没有学生。(时间状语)3分词(短语)作状语He sits there,asking for a pen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)4动词不定式作状语We were glad to hear t
5、hat Shenzhou-had been sent up into space successfully.听到神舟十一号成功发射的消息我们很高兴。(原因状语)5名词作状语Come this way!走这条路！(方式状语)I will be back next Monday.我下周一回来。(时间状语)6形容词作状语Tired and hot,we had to stop to have a break.又累又热，我们只好停下来休息。(原因状语)(三)位置状语在句中的位置比较灵活。一般来讲，多数状语都放在句子的后面。修饰谓语动词的状语一般放在谓语的后面，若有宾语则放在宾语的后面。修饰整个句子的状
6、语则放在句子的最前面，并用逗号隔开。但有些副词作状语则放在实义动词之前，助动词、be 动词或情态动词之后，如always,often,usually,never,ever 等。She studies hard at school.她在学校努力学习。She studies English very hard at school.她在学校学习英语很努力。Unfortunately,he missed the train.不幸的是他未赶上火车。He is always late for school.他总是上学迟到。即时训练 1 划出下列句子中的状语It sounds very different
7、_._the local people are working hard _._the old man returned to his hometown where he was brought up.I will stay _._water changes into steam._they arrived.Always look your homework through _.from place to place Full of hope,to rebuild their hometown Having lived abroad for twenty years,another five
8、months Heated,In spite of the heavy rain,before handing it in 二、状语从句(一)状语从句的概念及分类用来修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫作状语从句。可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、比较等状语从句。(二)各种状语从句的具体用法1时间状语从句时间状语从句常由以下引导词引导：when;while;as;before;after;since;until;as soon as;no soonerthan；hardlywhen;the moment;every time;immediately 等。when,while,as
9、引导的时间状语从句(1)when 表示时间点时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示时间段时，用延续性动词。You had already gone when I arrived there.当我到达时，你已经走了。(when 表示点时间)When I lived in the countryside,I used to carry some water for him.当时住在农村，我常常为他担水。(when 表示段时间)(2)while 表示“在期间”或“在某一段时间里”，它所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句动作的同时发生。Sam went through a magazine while
10、 he waited.萨姆一边等着一边翻阅杂志。(3)as 引导的时间状语从句as 表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，一般与延续性动词连用。As I watched them,an idea struck me.我看着他们时，产生了一个想法。as 表示“一边一边”，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。As the students walked to their dorms,they sang happily.学生们一边往宿舍走，一边快乐地唱着歌。as 还可以说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，意为“随着”，表时间的推移。As time goes on,its getting warmer
11、 and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。since 引导的时间状语从句since表示从过去某一时间或动作、事情起到目前为止，意思是“自以来”。引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，since 从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。Weve been friends ever since we met at school.自从我们在学校认识之后，我们就一直是好朋友。before,after 引导的时间状语从句(1)before 表示在一段时间之前。after 表示在一段时间之后。I had written my dissertation before my sup
12、ervisor went abroad.在导师出国之前，我已完成了我的学位论文。I found your coat after you had left the house.你离开房子之后，我发现了你的外衣。(2)before 有时翻译成“才”，“不到就”，“趁就”，“还没(来得及)就”。It was quite a few years before he finally finished his novel.过了好几年他才完成他的小说。He ran off before I could stop him.我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。till,until 引导的时间状语从句(1)如果主句的
13、谓语动词是延续性动词，就常用肯定式表示“直到为止”；如果主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词，就常用否定表示“直到才”。He will remain in college until(till)he finishes his Ph.D course.他将留在学校里面直到完成他的博士学位课程。I didnt wake up until I heard the alarm clock.直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。(2)当 not until 位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。Not until he came back did I leave.直到他回来我才走。【提示】until 引导的从句可以放
14、在主句之前或主句之后，但 till 从句一般不放在句首。在强调句型中一般只能用 until,不用 till。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她来。表示“一就”的时间状语从句as soon as,once,immediately,instantly,directly,the moment,the minute,the instant,the second,no soonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen 等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主
15、句的动作随即就发生了，即“一就”。As soon as we got home,the telephone rang.我们刚到家，电话就响了。He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home.他说他一回到家就打开电视机。【提示】hardly/scarcelywhen,no soonerthan 引导的从句中的动词用一般过去时，主句中的动词用过去完成时。当 hardly,scarcely,no sooner 位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。I had hardly arrived at the theatre when the performance be
16、gan.我刚到剧场，节目就开始了。next time,the first time,the last time,every time,by the time 等引导的时间状语从句Do look me up the next time youre in London.你下次到伦敦，务必来找我。By the time we got there,the play had already begun.等我们到那里时，戏已经开始了。即时训练 2(1)选词填空when,while,as,before,after,since,until,the moment_ I heard the news,I rush
17、ed to the spot._ she came in,I was cooking dinner._ my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV._ time goes on,things are getting better and better.I didnt go to bed _ my father came back.The moment When While As until My father had left for Canada just _ the letter arrived._ she had finishe
18、d her dinner,Lucy began to read a novel.It is five days _ he came here.before After since(2)句型训练_ one of my classmates patted me on the shoulder _ come to myself.直到我的同班同学拍了一下我的肩膀，我才回过神来。No sooner _ she fainted.她一听到这个消息，便昏了过去。_ wont be long _ we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。Not until that had she heard t
19、he news than It before 2让步状语从句让步状语从句由 although,though,while“虽然，尽管”，as,even if,even though“即使也”，however,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whetheror“不管还是”，no matter how(who,what)等引导。Although they lack official support,they continue their struggle.他们虽然没有得到官方的支持，但仍然继续奋斗。Even if you f
20、ail,you will have gained experience.纵然失败，你也会得到一些经验。即时训练 3 句型训练_，not all of its effects have been positive.虽然网购改变了我们的生活，但并不是它的所有影响都是正面的。_，they went on hiking.不管雨下得多大他们仍继续徒步旅行。_，you must obey the law.不管你是谁，都要守法。While/Although/Though online shopping has changed our life However hard it rained No matter
21、 who you are _，we will go on with our plan.不管他来不来，我们仍按计划进行。_，he had a good command of English.尽管他是个孩子，但他精通英语。Whether he will come or not Child as he was 3条件状语从句条件状语从句由 if“如果”，unless“除非”，as long as(so long as)“只要”，in case(that)“如果，万一”，on condition that“条件是”，suppose,supposing that,provided,providing t
22、hat“假如”等引导。I will buy a computer if I am able to save up enough money.如果我能存下足够的钱，我就买台电脑。Unless the weather was bad,my father always used to take a walk in the evening.除非天气不好，我的父亲过去晚上总是去散步。即时训练 4 选词填空on condition that，if，as long as，in case，supposing_ he works hard,hell be successful.You may borrow th
23、e book,_ you wont lend it to others._(that)you fail a second time,try again._ we dont lose heart,well find a way to overcome the difficulty.It may rain,youd better take an umbrella(just)_ it does.If on condition that Supposing As long as in case 4地点状语从句地点状语从句常由 where 或 wherever 等引导。Where there is a
24、will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。He must go wherever we send him.他必须去我们派他去的任何地方。5原因状语从句原因状语从句由 because,as,since,now that 等引导。I didnt go to school today because I was ill.因为生病所以我今天没去上学。As there was no answer,he wrote to her again.因为没有回复，所以他又给她写了封信。6结果状语从句和目的状语从句(1)引 导 结 果 状 语 从 句 的 连 词 有：sothat,suchthat“如
25、此以至于”，so that“以至于，所以”。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。I didnt plan the work well,so that I didnt finish it in time.我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited.科学家的报告很有教育性，我们感到很兴奋。(2)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,lest,for fear that,in case。They started early so that th
26、ey might arrive in time.他们早点动身，以便准时到达。Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。7方式状语从句和比较状语从句(1)方式状语从句常由 as,as if,as though 等词引导，通常位于主句之后。He acted as if/though nothing had happened.他装作似乎什么事也没发生过。(2)比较状语从句由 asas,morethan,the more，the more等引导。Our new school is four times as b
27、ig as the old one.我们的新学校是原来学校的四倍大。即时训练 5单句改错Youll go to anywhere you like._It was as he was late for class that he was scolded by the teacher._In order to we could save time,we used the computer._There are such many mistakes in the passage that noone likes to read it._He treats me as if I am a stran
28、ger._去掉to asbecause tothat suchso amwere 针对强化训练.单句语法填空1_ night these busy streets during the day become empty of traffic.2Children should be instructed to put things _ they belong in their early childhood.3Everything seemed to be going _(smooth)for the first two days after I moved to New York.4_(fin
29、d)the course very difficult,she decided to move to a lower level.At where smoothly Finding 5_ we have enough evidence,we cant win the case.6Do _ you are told,otherwise you will make mistakes.7The turtle doesnt run so quickly _ the hare.8She could hardly say a word,_(astonish)and happy.9 She had to c
30、hoke down her breakfast _(catch)her bus.10The bell rang _ I could look over my answers.Unless as as astonished to catch before.语法与写作1_，I often feel a little nervous.当我说英语的时候，我经常感到有点紧张。2This proves that _，well be able to get over any difficulty.这证明，只要我们有坚强的意志，我们将能够克服任何困难。When I speak English as long
31、as we have a strong will 3_，you can talk about American customs and festivals because Chinese students are interested in them.首先，你可以谈论美国的习俗和节日，因为中国学生对他们感兴趣。4_，they are easy to answer.虽然有些问题对我来说似乎不太熟悉，但他们很容易回答。First of all Though some of the questions seem unfamiliar tome5Besides,I have _I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.此外，我英语能力很好，结果我当选为我英语老师的助手。6 _ traditional Chinese cultures,I think this festival is well worth experiencing.既然你对中国传统文化很感兴趣，我认为这个节日是非常值得体验的。such a good command of English that Since you are interested in