1、第一部分选择性必修第一册UNIT 1阅读理解A(2021石家庄市质量检测一)Stephen Wamukota, a nineyearold boy from Mukwa village in Western Kenya, is making the headlines worldwide for his creative hand washing machine. The young boy came up with the idea after watching villagers, who do not have easy access to running water and strug
2、gle to find an effective way to wash their hands to avoid catching and spreading COVID19Using the few resources he could getwood, nails, and a bucketStephen designed and built a simple but functional washing station. The clever creation, which is made up of two pedals(踏板) one to release soap and the
3、 other to release water enables villagers to wash their hands in a contactfree way, thus reducing the likelihood of catching the infectious disease. “I had bought some pieces of wood to make a window frame, but when I came back home after work one day, I found that Stephen had made the machine，” his
4、 father, James, told the media. “The concept was his, and I helped tighten the machine. Im very proud. ” James credits Stephens building skill to the village schools curriculum(全部课程), which teaches children to construct items from a very young age. The invention, which went_viral after James posted
5、a photo online, has made Stephen an instant celebrity in Kenya. In early June 2020, the countrys leader gave Stephen the Uzalendo Award for making significant contributions towards the nations fight against COVID19Stephen has also been promised a full scholarship to a school that can develop his cre
6、ative talent, by the county governor. Though thrilled at the unexpected fame and success, Stephen is not satisfied with what he has achieved. The young boy has already built another hand washing machine and plans on adding several more. 1What inspired Stephen to design the hand washing machine?AThe
7、school project he was working on. BThe few resources he could use in his house. CThe difficulty the villagers had keeping their hands clean. DThe number of the villagers getting infected with the disease. 2Whats the original function of the pieces of wood?ATo make the frame of a window. BTo start a
8、fire to cook meals. CTo create two pedals of a machine. DTo construct a hand washing machine. 3What does the underlined phrase “went viral” in Paragraph 4 mean?ASpread rapidly. BDisappeared suddenly. CImproved immediately. DMatured gradually. 4What can we learn from Stephens story?AGood fame is bett
9、er than anything. BMany hands make light work. CA small child can make a big difference. DFailure is the mother of success. 【语篇导读】看到村民们没有方便的自来水，而且很难找到有效的洗手方式来避免感染和传播新型冠状病毒肺炎，来自肯尼亚西部村庄的九岁男孩发明了洗手机。1C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，看到村民们没有方便的自来水，而且很难找到有效的洗手方式来避免感染新型冠状病毒肺炎后，Stephen想出了这个主意。故选C项。2A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I had bo
10、ught some pieces of wood to make a window frame”可知，A选项正确。故选A项。3A词义猜测题。本题可以使用代入法，只有把A选项代入后逻辑成立。即James在网上发布了一张照片后，这项发明“迅速传播”，使得Stephen立刻成为肯尼亚名人。B项意为“突然消失”，C项意为“立即改进”，D项意为“逐渐成熟”，代入后均不符合语境。故选A项。4C推理判断题。本文记述了年仅九岁的男孩Stephen发明洗手机，帮助村民防止感染和传播新型冠状病毒肺炎的事迹，主人公年龄虽小，贡献却很大。故选C项。B(2021山东省潍坊市五县联考)This year research
11、ers expect the world to snap 135 trillion photographs, or about 37 billion per day. All those pixels (像素) take up a lot of room if they are stored on personal computers or phones, which is one reason why many people store their images in the cloud. But unlike a hard on drive which can be encrypted t
12、o protect its data, cloud storage users have to trust that a tech platform will keep their private pictures safe. Now a team of Columbia University computer scientists has developed a tool to encrypt(加密) images stored on many popular cloud services while allowing authorized users to browse and displ
13、ay their photographs as usual. Malicious(恶意的) attempts to access or leak cloudbased photographs can expose personal information. In November 2019, for example, a bug in the popular photograph storage app Google Photos mistakenly shared some users private videos with strangers. Security experts also
14、worry about employees at cloud storage companies on purpose accessing users images. So the Columbia researchers came up with a system called Easy Secure Photos (ESP), which they presented at a recent conference. “We wanted to see if we could make it possible to encrypt data while using existing serv
15、ices，” says computer scientist Jason Nieh, one of the developers of ESP. “Everyone wants to stay with Google Photos and not have to register on a new encryptedimage cloud storage service. ”To overcome this problem, they created a tool that preserves blocks of pixels but moves them around to effectiv
16、ely hide the photograph. First, ESPs algorithm (算法) divides a photograph into three separate files, each one containing the images red, green or blue colour data. Then the system hides the pixel blocks around among these three files (allowing a block from the red file, for instance, to hide out in t
17、he green or blue ones)But the program does nothing within the pixel blocks, where all the image processing happens. As a result, the files remain unchanged images but end up looking like grainy blackandwhite ones to anyone who accesses them without the decryption (解密) key. 5Whats probably the main p
18、urpose for people to store images in the cloud?ATo save storage room. BTo make photos beautiful. CTo try a new storage way. DTo keep their privacy safe. 6Why might employees in cloud storage companies be distrusted by experts?AThey sell users passwords. BThey have invented new tools. CThey often let
19、 out personal information. DThey may steal a glance at users images. 7Whats the advantage of ESP?AIt can provide clear images. BIt can decrease the upload time. CIt can classify images automatically. DIt can encrypt data on the original platform. 8What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?AMethod of d
20、ecryption. BImageprocessing technique. CSeparate files of images. DData analysis of colours. 【语篇导读】哥伦比亚大学的研究人员想出了一个名为“简易安全照片”(ESP)的系统，可以对存储在许多流行云服务上的图像进行加密，同时允许授权用户像往常一样浏览和显示他们的照片。5A推理判断题。根据第一段的“All those pixels (像素) take up a lot of room if they are stored on personal computers or phones, which is
21、one reason why many people store their images in the cloud(所有这些像素如果存储在个人电脑或手机上，会占用很多空间，这也是为什么很多人会将图像进行云存储的原因之一)”可知，人们将照片云存储的主要目的是节省存储空间。故选A。6D推理判断题。根据第二段的“Security experts also worry about employees at cloud storage companies on purpose accessing users images(安全专家还担心云存储公司的员工会故意访问用户的图像)”可知，云存储公司的员工不被
22、专家信任，因为他们可能会偷看用户的图片。故选D。7D细节理解题。根据第三段的“We wanted to see if we could make it possible to encrypt data while using existing services(我们想看看是否可以在使用现有服务的同时加密数据)”和“Everyone wants to stay with Google Photos and not have to register on a new encryptedimage cloud storage service(每个人都想继续使用谷歌Photos，而不必注册新的加密图像
23、云存储服务)”可知，ESP的优点是可以在原有平台上对数据进行加密。故选D。8B 主旨大意题。通读第四段，尤其是“To overcome this problem, they created a tool that preserves blocks of pixels but moves them around to effectively hide the photograph(为了克服这个问题，他们发明了一种工具，可以保存像素块，但可以移动它们来有效地隐藏照片)”可知，本段主要讲的是一种图像处理技术。故选B。CThe World Health Organization has release
24、d a new report this week linking the yearly deaths of 19 million people to tobacco use. The report was released for World Heart Day by the World Heart Federation and the University of Newcastle in Australia. It is a warning of the dangers of tobacco which can lead to heart disease. Cardiovascular(心血
25、管的) disease is the top cause of death on Earth, killing an estimated 179 million people every year. WHO reports smoking and secondhand smoke are responsible for nearly two million of these deaths. Reudigar Krech is Director for Health Promotion at the WHO. He said that even lifelong smokers who quit
26、 their deadly habit can prevent dying too soon from heart attack or stroke. “Thats the good news. If tobacco users take immediate action now and quit, then their risk of heart disease will decrease by 50 percent after one year of not smoking，” he said. Tobacco use presents the biggest threat. But ot
27、her major risks for heart disease include lack of exercise, unhealthy diet, high blood pressure and cholesterol and being overweight. In addition, the WHO warns that high blood pressure and heart disease increase the risk of severe COVID19“There are about 400 million people who want to quit smoking
28、because of COVID19，” Krech said. He also said people could develop more severe symptoms if they smoke. While it is not easy to quit smoking, tools such as nicotine patches(贴片) are available to help. However, the WHO warns against using smokeless tobacco, which every year it says, is linked to about
29、200,000 deaths from heart disease. The United Nations health agency adds that ecigarettes also raise blood pressure. Krech said governments can help people to quit by supporting some simple measures. They can create smokefree areas, ban tobacco advertising and raise taxes on tobacco products. 9Whats
30、 the intention of releasing the report?AOffering guidance. BGiving warnings. CShowing public opinions. DBanning tobacco. 10What can we infer from Paragraph 2?AIts hard to give up smoking. BSecondhand smoke causes less harm to people. CThe health effects of quitting smoking are clear. DLifelong smoke
31、rs are not necessarily to quit smoking. 11Which of the following does Krech agree with?AGovernments should ban tobacco use. BEcigarettes are available to quit smoking. CA health crisis makes people smoke a lot more. DSmoking worsens symptoms in COVID19 patients. 12What does the text mainly focus on?
32、AWays of kicking off smoking. BThe benefits of giving up smoking. CThe health influences of smoking. DConnections between smoking and diseases. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织发布了一份新报告，报告称每年有190万人的死亡与吸烟有关。9B细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“It is a warning of the dangers of tobacco which can lead to heart disease. ”可知，世界卫生组织发布新
33、报告的目的在于警告人们烟草有引发心脏病的风险。故选B项。10C推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“If tobacco users take immediate action now and quit, then their risk of heart disease will decrease by 50 percent after one year of not smoking”可知，如果吸烟的人立即采取行动并戒烟，那么戒烟一年后，他们患心脏病的风险将降低50%。由此可推知，戒烟对健康的影响是明显的。故选C项。11D细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He also said people could
34、 develop more severe symptoms if they smoke. ”可知，Krech认为，如果吸烟者是新冠肺炎患者，那就会出现更严重的症状。故选D项。12C推理判断题。通览全文内容，尤其是第一段中内容可知，本篇文章重点讲述吸烟者直接影响到身体健康。故选C项。七选五阅读(2021成都三诊)It can be very easy to stick with what you know, instead of trying to meet people who are different from you. _1_Heres what you can do：Become se
35、lfaware. _2_This includes biases(偏见) about your own cultural background. It can be confronting, but by doing this youll be able to think about how these traits might impact on your approach to and understanding of differences. You could try: Think about what assumptions you make about your friends,
36、peers, and people you work with. Talk to someone from a different cultural background. Try and get to know someone from a different cultural background better. _3_Youll automatically find out more about their life and experiences. Just being curious and openminded can be helpful. Be more accepting.
37、Sometimes, for one reason or another, its not all that easy to understand some cultural differences. _4_ In other words, you dont have to understand, or even agree with, someone in order to accept them. _5_ One of the biggest difficulties to overcome in understanding cultural differences is making j
38、udgments based on one opinion. You should do some research to actually learn about people, instead of making broadbrush assessments. Stereotyping people from different cultural backgrounds can impact their quality of life and opportunities. ADo your own research. BThink beyond stereotypes(模式化)CPract
39、ice being sympathetic towards people. DWork out your own beliefs, values and personal biases. EInstead of asking them questions directly, treat them as friends. FAnd the best approach is to acknowledge people who are different and to accept thats okay. GHowever, trying to understand people from othe
40、r countries can help you experience more. 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文，试着去理解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多。文章对如何理解和接受不同文化背景的人提出了建议。1G前文“It can be very easy to stick with what you know, instead of trying to meet people who are different from you. ”和选项G中的“trying to understand people from other countries can help you experience m
41、ore(试着去了解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多)”构成转折关系，对应选项G中的however。故选G项。2D根据下文可知，此处是指对自己的文化背景、偏见等有清醒的认知，并解决它们，故D项“解决自己的信念、价值观和个人偏见”切合文意。故选D项。3E根据上文可知，此处是讲和来自不同文化背景的人交谈，故E项“不要直接问他们问题，把他们当成朋友”切合文意。故选E项。4F根据上文“Be more accepting(更加有包容性)”可知，此处是讲对于不同要有包容性，故F项“最好的方法是承认人们是不同的，并接受这一点”切合文意。故选F项。5B根据下文可知，此处是指要跳出模式化来思考，故B项“超越刻板印象”切合文意。故选B项。