1、2014高考英语二轮阅读微技能训练6推理判断技巧点拨：推理判断题包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。其所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常考问题：推理题经常使用的提问方式有：It c
2、an be inferred/ concluded that_.Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?The passage implies, but doesnt directly state that_.The writer suggests that_.Whats the authors attitude toward_?Th
3、e writer probably feels that_.The author uses the examples of. to show that_. 技巧操练：一、细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the wes
4、tern side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native, “Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger
5、 returns, he says, He said he lives on the western side of the island.Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure?1. According to the messengers answer, the visitor can conclude that_A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.B. the me
6、ssenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.C. its hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true. 2. The native in the distance says he lives on the
7、 western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?A. He may live on the eastern side of the island. B. He may live on the western side of the island.C. He may be telling the truth. D. He cant be telling the truth.二、因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要正确把握文章的内
8、涵，理解文章的真正含义。When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single? “Why, yes. I answered, smiling at her happily. “So is my mother.
9、 she said, “Would you like to meet her?3. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_.A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with herC. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him4. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A. she lived
10、 near his house B. he often went to visit her motherC. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very muchPractice 1：The entertainment profession or “show business attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, becau
11、se show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager ,a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old-fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must chang
12、e his “act in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians, but perhaps most of all singers.“Pop stands for “popular and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way o
13、f singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. The life of a successful pop singer
14、 is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans”. The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and f
15、amous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a “souvenir. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singers hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to
16、spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And most important he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public.5. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?_.A. To protect him from his fans B. To look after his
17、business interestsC. To help him to change his “act D .So that he can relax6. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?_A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public B. Because he wants to sell more records C. Because he wants to become popular D. Because he want
18、s to stay popular Practice 2： Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn. The next morning, he went to thank the innkeeper. “You, have served me well, innkeeper, “said Napoleon. “I wish to reward you. Tell me what you want. “Sir, we want nothing, “said the innkeeper. “But will you tell us something? “What
19、is it? Napoleon asked. “We have heard a story. said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, a small village was taken by the Russians. You happened to be in the village. You hid while they looked for you. Will you tell us how you felt when they were looking for you? Napoleon looked very angry. He
20、called in two of his soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard. At the end of the yard was a wall. The innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall. The soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing.
21、 “Please, sir. begged the innkeeper, “Dont kill us! we meant nothing! The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called: “Ready! Aim! The wife screamed. “Stop! said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just
22、now, dont you? 7.Why did the innkeeper ask Napoleon to tell him how Napoleon felt when he was being looked for?A. He wanted to know the difference between a general and an ordinary people. B. He looked down upon Napoleon, for he thought a great man shouldnt be defeated. C. He showed his sympathy to
23、Napoleon in time of danger. D. He was interested in others failure, especially Napoleons. 8. Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple?A. Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him.B. Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger.C. Because he wa
24、nted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him.D. Because he wanted to make the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger. 三、人物性格、态度及观点判定题Three men were discussing how to donate money to God. At first they couldnt
25、 agree with each other, then they each told his own idea.The first man said: “Lets draw a small circle on the ground and throw coins to the ground. The money out of the circle belongs to God.The second man added, “We will donate the coins inside the circle to God because God is in our hearts.The thi
26、rd man said: “Your ideas are not bad, but I have a better idea than yours. Lets throw coins into the sky. The coins that God accepts belong to him. So God can accept as much money as he can.At last, they agreed to the last idea, and they began to throw coins to the sky happily.9. According to the pa
27、ssage, we can draw a conclusion:A. All the three men were kindhearted.B. The third man is more generous than the other two.C. None of them believed in God. D. Three men are all stingy(吝啬) people.四、猜测想象推理题Practice 1: We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially usef
28、ul in automatic control, date processing and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day. More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions
29、and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.However10. Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the next paragraph? A. Computers will soo
30、n stop developing. B. Computers are as clever as man.C. Many people like computers very much.D.I dont think computers will replace us completely.Practice 2:There was ice on the road, and the doctors car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise, he was not hurt .He got out of the car a
31、nd walked to the nearest house, he wanted to telephone the garage for help. The door was opened by one of his patients.“Oh, Doctor. she said, “I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly indeed. There has been a very bad accident in the road outside
32、. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help.11.Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story?A. “Yes, he does need help your help, not mine.B. “Another accident? Ive just had an accident myself?C. “I got your cal
33、l and rushed over. I hope Im not too late.D. “I didnt get your call. But Im here and hope I can help.Practice3:Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holidaymakers and other tourists(观光者).Last August there was a fi
34、re at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. The next day, this news appeared on page two of the towns newspaper. The Beldon Post: FIRE AT SEABREEZE Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire.
35、 We say again to all our visitors： “Please dont smoke cigarettes in bed.”This was Beldons first hotel fire for five years. The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one： ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and s
36、ome furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holidaymaker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.“We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does
37、 not happen in Canfield. What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August: that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel. Now what do you think of the rest of the “n
38、ews ?12.The Canfield Times used the headline like this in order to make its readers think -_. A. hotels in Beldon often catch fire B. hotels in Beldon dont often catch fireC. this was the second fire at the Seabreeze HotelD. Beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe 巩固练习：(A
39、) Visit Iceland and youll enter a whole new region of experience. Youll discover original nature as youve never seen it before, and the equally Original people for whom timeless nature, ancient heritage and modem lifestyle coexist in harmony. The freedom to wander in the city or the wilds as you ple
40、ase is the key to the Iceland experience. Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is just a part of the Icelandic experience with its midnight sun or the magical landscapes mixed with ice and fire. Reykjavik has a population of around 170,000 and offers an interesting mix of cosmopolitan (世界各地的) culture
41、and local village roots. Old accounts say the ancient gods themselves guided Icelands first settler to make his home in Reykjavik. He named the place Reykjavik (Steamy Bay ) after the geothermal (地热) steam he saw, which today heats homes and outdoor swimming pools throughout the city, a pollution-fr
42、ee energy source that leaves the air outstandingly fresh, clean and clear. A beautiful river runs through the city limits, and so do fine parks and even wild outdoor areas. In the outskirts are places for horse trekking and golf. But against this backcloth of nature, Reykjavik has a packed program o
43、f familiar city joys too: art museums, several theaters, an opera house, a symphony orchestra and concerts meeting the needs of the whole spectrum of age and taste. One must for all visitors is dining out on Icelandic specialities, including delicious seafood, ocean-fresh from the mornings catch, hi
44、ghland lamb and unusual varieties of game. Its purely natural food imagiriatively served to delight the most disceming(内行的)of diners. Reykjavik is also famous as one of Europes hottest nightspots, where the action on the friendly pub and nightlife scene lasts right through the night. In the evening,
45、 the downtown area filled with activity, reaching its peak on Friday or Saturday. The number of pubs, cafe, discos, and other night-spots in the downtown area is astonishing. There is a rich variety of places to go. European-style cafes, nightclubs with live entertainment, dance halls for seniors, s
46、ports-theme pubs with big TV screens, cafes that offer over 100 types of beer, an Irish pub, a Spanish cafe, a French wine bar. Walking distances are short downtown, and everything worth seeing outside the city center can be quickly and conveniently reached by bus. With its long, easy-going main str
47、eet and large shopping mall, Icelands capital is a great place to shop too with a bonus of tax-free shopping for visitors! Be careful not just for souvenirs (especially woolens and handicrafts) but also for stylish consumer goods and designer labels at competitive prices.A full range of accommodatio
48、ns is available in Reykiavik, from international-standard hotels with good conference facilities, through smaller hotels and comfortable guest- houses, to a campsite in the citys biggest park. 1. It can be learned from the passage that Reykiavik_. A. was named by the ancient gods B. got its name fro
49、m the visitors C. was named by Icelands first settler D. was named after Icelands first settler 2. While visiting Iceland, the most enjoyable thing is_. A. to taste its purely natural food B. to wander freely in the city or the wilds as you please C. to visit the night-spots there D. to do tax-free
50、shopping 3. Which of the following subjects are mentioned in the fifth paragraph? A. Shopping and accommodations B. Dining and night-spots C. City joys and backcloth of nature D. Transportation and landscapes 4. It can be inferred from the passage that _. A. all visitors must dine out while visiting
51、 Iceland B. hotel accommodation is so scarce that visitors usually camp in the citys big gest parks C. people living in Reykiavik seldom get heat from coal D. you have to walk a short distance if you want to go sight seeing outside the city (B)It was an early September day, cool and bright and just
52、right for running, and I was in the first few miles of a 10-mile race over a course with a few high hills. Still, I felt energetic; despite the hills it was going to be a fine run. Just ahead of me was Peggy Mimno, a teacher from Mount Kisco, New York. She too was running easily, moving along at my
53、speed. The pace felt comfortable, so 1 decided to stay where I was; why pay attention to pace when she was setting such a nice one? Id overtake (追上) her later on when she tired. So I ran behind her. The course headed north for five miles, wandered west for a hilly mile, then turned south again along
54、 a winding road. The race was getting harder. We had four miles left and already it was beginning to be real work. Peggy overtook a young runner. She seemed to know him, for they exchanged a few cheerful words as she passed him. Their exchange worried me. You dont chat during a race unless you are f
55、eeling good, and Peggy plainly was. Still, I was close enough to overtake her if she tired, so I didnt give up hope completely. We were getting nearer to a long punishing hill now and it would be the test. We were a mile from the finish line, so whatever happened on the hill would almost certainly d
56、etermine who crossed it first. As I moved up the hill, my attention wandered for a few minutes. When I looked up, Peggy was moving away-first five yards, then ten, then more. Finally it was clear that there was no hope of catching her. She beat me soundly.There is an important lesson in that race. W
57、omen are thought to be weaker, slower and not nearly as skilled in sport. Yet as Peggy Mimno so clearly showed, the similarities between men and women runners are more important than the differences. I have run with a number of women, and I can say that it is often hard work. 5. What did the writer
58、think of the race in the beginning? A. It would be hard work. B. It would be an easy race. C. It would be a test of his strength. D. It would be a good learning experience. 6. What worried the writer when Peggy greeted the young runner? A. Peggy overtook the young runner. B. Peggy was running energe
59、tically. C. Peggy was laughing at the writer. D. Peggy paid no attention to the writer. 7. By saying a long, punishing hill(Paragraph 5) , the writer implies that_. A. Peggy would fail to reach the hilltop B. men are more skilled at climbing hills C. overtaking Peggy would be easy D. climbing the hi
60、ll would be a demanding task 8. What lesson does the writer learn from the race? A. Women are as good as men in sport. B. Women are better at climbing hills. C. He should have more training in a cross-country race. D. He should set a quicker pace at the beginning of a race.(C) Is it possible to pers
61、uade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient practice which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past, the human race managed to live with it. Modern cleverness has changed this. Either Man will end the existence of war, or war will en
62、d the existence of Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeeded in ending the existence of nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done unti
63、l we have succeeded in ending war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look up on international problems in a new way not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by settling in accordance with agreed rules of law. It is not eas
64、y to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted. There are those who say that the acceptance of this or that ideology (意识形态) would prevent war. I believe this to be a big mistake. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements (强词夺理) which are, at best, doubtful, and at wor
65、st, totally false. Their supporters believe in them so deeply that they are willing to go to war in support of them.The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very diffi
66、cult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are coming nearer to is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find thes
67、e agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important struggle nowadays is not between different countries but between Man and the atom bomb. 9. This passage implies that war is now_. A. worse than in the past B. as bad as in the past C. not as dangerous as in the past D
68、. as necessary as in the past 10. In the sentence To do this, we need to persuade mankind. ( Paragraph 1 ) ,this refers to_. A. to end the existence of war B. to improve weapons C. to solve international problems D. to live a peaceful life 11. From Paragraph 2 we learn that the writer of the Passage
69、_. A. is a supporter of some modern ideologies B. does not think that the acceptance of any ideologies could prevent war C. believes that the acception of some ideologies could prevent war D. does not doubt the truth of any ideologies 12. According to the writer,_. A. war is the only way to solve in
70、ternational arguments B. war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weapons C. it is impossible for people to live without war D. war must be ended if man wants to survive (D) Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable h
71、umans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span. I think we are knocking at the door of immortality (永生) , said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. I think by 2075 we will see it and thats
72、 a conservative estimate. At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术)make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. There is a great p
73、ush so that people can live from 120 to 180 years, he said. Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years. However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last about 120 years. E
74、ven with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death.Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of l
75、ife? said Leonard Peon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Centre At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all 13. By saying we are knocking at the door of immortality, Michael Zey means_. A. they believe that there is no limit of living B. they are sure
76、 to find the truth about long living C. they have got some ideas about living forever D. they are able to make people live past the present life span 14. Donald Lourias attitude toward long living is that A. people can live from 120 to 180 B. it is still doubtful how long humans can live C. the huma
77、n body is designed to last about 120 years D. it is possible for humans to live longer in the future 15. The underlined it ( Paragraph 4) refers to _. A. a great push B. the idea of living beyond the present life span C. the idea of living from 200 to 300 years D. the conservative estimate 16. What
78、would be the best tide for this text? A. Living Longer or Not B. Science, Technology and Long Living C. No Limit for Human Life D. Healthy Lifestyle and Long Living (E)BEIJING, December279(Xinhua)-China launched its homegrown navigation(导航) system to Asia-Pacific users yesterday as it bid to compete
79、 with the dominant(占统治地位的) US Global Positioning System（GPS）.BeiDou Navigation Satellite Systems services include positioning, navigation, timing and text message, spokesman Ran Chengqi told a press conference yesterday.“The homegrown system aims to take 70 to 80 percent of the now GPS-dominated dom
80、estic market by 2020 when the network will cover the whole world,” Ran said.China expects Beidou to generate a 400 billion yuan (US63 billion) annual market for services to the transport, meteorology(气象学) and telecommunications sectors by then.Beidou currently consists of 16satellites, and another 2
81、0 satellites will be launched in 10 years by which time the global system will be available around the world, Ran said.Beidou, which means the Big Dipper(长柄勺) in Chinese, has functionality and performance “comparable” to the GPS system, but is cheaper, Ran said.It has a positioning accuracy of 10 me
82、ters, speed accuracy of 0.2 meters per second and timing accuracy of 50nanoseconds(十亿分之一秒), the same as the GPS system. Beidou is the only satellite navigation system in the world that offers telecommunication services. That means apart from giving users location and time information, Beidou can als
83、o send users information to other people and communicate with users via text message.“The function will be helpful especially during rescue work,” Ran said.The United States is currently the dominant provider of navigation services for vehicles in China, with its GPS system used in 95 percent of the
84、 countrys navigation market.To break its dependence on the US system, China invested billions of yuan in the development of Beidou, Ran said, but the investment was lower than that of the systems competitors.With an eye on the global market in the next 10 years, China plans to spend40billion yuan on
85、 system development, Ran said.China began trial operations of the system a year ago. More than 100,000vehicles, including public transport, in nine provinces and cities across China are using the Beidou system.In Guangzhou, some 10,000 cars of governmental officials have been installed with the syst
86、em to supwevise(监督) the use of cars and cut down on unauthorized private use.Also yesterday, the China Satellite Navigation Office released technical details, in both Chinese and English, which will enable enterprises and experts from home and abroad to develop the systems core techniques and module
87、s.China launched the first satellite for the Beidou system in 2000, and a preliminary(初步的)version of the system has been used in traffic control, weather forecasting and disaster relief work on a trial basis since 2003.More than 1,000 Beidou terminals(终端)were used after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake t
88、o provide information from the disaster area.The system was also used during the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing and the World Expo 2010 Shanghai to pinpoint(精确定位) traffic congestion(阻塞) and supervise venues.17. Which of the following is Chinas hometown navigation system?A. Global Positioning SystemB.
89、 Beidou Navigation Satellite SystemC. Galileo satellite navigation systemD. Global Navigation Satellite System18. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the Beidou system is TRUE?A. It takes 70to 80 percent of the domestic market now.B. It generates a 400 billion yuan annu
90、al market for services now.C. It is available around the world now. D. It is cheaper to use than the GPS.19. What make Beidou Navigation Satellite System special?A. It offers positioning services.B. It offers navigation services.C. It offers timing services.D. It offers text messaging services.20. W
91、hich of the following statements can NOT be inferred from the passage?A. Most vehicles in China are using the GPSsystem for navigation currently.B. More money will be spent on the Beidou system in the future.C. The Beidou system has never been used before.D. China began to construct the Beidou system more than ten years ago.
