1、兰州一中2019-2020-2学期4月月考试题高二英语说明：本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。满分120分，考试时间100分钟。答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。第I卷（选择题）第一部分（共四节，满分80分）第一节 语法和词汇知识（共30小题，每小题1分，满分30分）1.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than 5 years.A. with itB. with whichC. of itD. of which【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句
2、意：她带参观者参观了博物馆，其建设工期花了5年多的时间。分析句子可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，其先行词是museum，在从句中做宾语，且与construction之间是所属关系。故应用of which。结合选项，故选D。【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中先行词为名词museum，再分析先行词museum在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词museum带到从句中可知，只能作宾语，且与construction之间是所属关系。故应用of which。结合选项，故选D。2.The box _ all the book
3、s you need, _ an English-English dictionary.A. contains; to includeB. contains; includingC. includes; containedD. includes; containing【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：这个盒子里有你需要的所有书，包括一本英英词典。contain指全部包括在内，include指部分包括；including在这里作介词用，补充说明前面的主句。分析句意可知，这个盒子里有你需要的所有书，包括一本英英词典。故选B。3.Rice doesnt grow well _ there
4、 is not enough water.A. whereB. in whichC. on whichD. so【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：水不够的地方水稻长得不好。分析句子可知，空后是一个地点状语从句，意为“在那些水不够的地方”；分析句意可知，应用where来引导。结合选项，故选A。4._ is often the case with children, Tom was better by the time the doctor arrived.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆在医生赶到前已经完全没事了，这种
5、事经常发生在孩子身上。as 引导非限制定语从句，先行词是整个句子，as在从句中作主语，意为“正如，像一样”。故选D。【点睛】as可以引导非限制性定语从句，可以放在句首或句末，意为“正如”，指代主句的内容，在从句中可做主语，宾语和表语。有些固定搭配可记忆，如：as is often the case；as is know to all等。5.Great changes _ in our school since 2016. A lot of progress _.A. have taken the place; have been madeB. had taken place; have bee
6、n madeC. were taken place; has madeD. have taken place; has been made【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：自2016年以来，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。已经取得了许多进展。since+一段时间，是现在完成时的标志，因此应用现在完成时；take place意为“发生”，无被动语态，且主语是great changes，故谓语动词用复数，故用have taken place；progress意为“进步，进展”，为不可数名词，故谓语动词应用单数，且progress与make之间是被动关系，故应用has been made。结合选项
7、，故选D。6.More and more people go jogging in the morning, _ benefits for health arise from the air rich in oxygen.A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. who【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：越来越多的人在早上慢跑，它对健康的好处来自于富含氧气的空气。此处为定语从句修饰先行词jogging，且先行词在从句中做定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。7.The mother saw her baby fall to the ground, _ brought her
8、 heart to her mouth.A. itB. and thatC. and whichD. that【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查连词。句意：这个年轻的妈妈看到孩子掉到了地上，把她吓得要命。分析句子可知，逗号前后没有连词，故排除A、D；用and连接两个句子，且在此用that作主语，which表示“哪一个”不合语境。故选B。8.Cancer has become the top killer _ I think threatens the health of millions of people.A. thatB. of whichC. 不填D. Both A and C【答案】A【解
9、析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我认为癌症已经成为威胁数百万人健康的头号杀手。分析句子可知，I think 为插入语，可暂且不管；这是一个定语从句，且先行词是top killer，从句中缺主语，故可用that或which。结合选项，故选A。9.Is this school _ we visited 3 years ago?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这所学校是我们三年前参观的那所吗？分析句子可知，主句中缺少表语the school，故应用the one来代指。故选D。10.-Alice and I will c
10、elebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.-Oh, _!A. cheer upB. well doneC. congratulationsD. go ahead【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：爱丽丝和我下个月要庆祝我们的结婚四十周年纪念日。噢，恭喜！A. cheer up高兴起来；B. well done做得好；C. congratulations恭喜；D. go ahead前进。结合上文语境庆祝结婚四十周年是好事，应表达祝贺恭喜。故选C。11.The system has been designed to give
11、 students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. approachB. accessC. passageD. assistance【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该系统的设计目的是让学生快速、方便地访问图书馆的数字资源。A. approach接近；B. access进入，访问，享用权；C. passage文章；D. assistance援助。结合后文to the digital resources of the library可知是访问图书馆的数字资源。短语access to“有权使用，
12、进入”。故选B。12.The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments.A. applyB. adoptC. attachD. adapt【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们的优点是他们很容易适应新环境。A. apply申请；B. adopt采取；C. attach附上；D. adapt适应。根据后文very easily to new environments可知是适应（adapt）新环境。故选D。13.The church tower which will be op
13、en to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.A. has restoredB. has been restoredC. is restoringD. is being restored【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：正在修建的教堂很快对游客开放，所有的工作其中就绪。根据 will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.可知教堂正在被修建，所以本句为现在进行时的被动语态。故选D项。14.I have never been to London, but it is
14、the place _.A. where I would like to visitB. I most want to visitC. in which I want to visitD. that I want to visit it most【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我从未去过伦敦，但它是我最想去的地方。分析句子可知，本句是一个定语从句，先行词为the place，从句visit后缺少宾语，所以place作visit宾语，所以关系代词为which或that，且都可以省略。故选B。15.There were lots of places of interest _ in
15、our city.A. needs repairingB. needing repairedC. needed repairingD. needing to be repaired【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们城市里有许多需要修缮的名胜古迹。此处为there be句型，后面这个空应该是非谓语动词，places of interest和need是主动关系，用现在分词作定语；且repair此处表示将来要发生的动作，应用不定式，与places构成被动关系，故用to be done形式，need to be done表示“需要被做”。故选D。16.After the earthq
16、uake, the first thing the local government did was to provide _ for the homeless families.A. furnitureB. accommodationC. occupationD. basement【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：地震后，当地政府做的第一件事就是为无家可归的家庭提供住宿。A. furniture家具；B. accommodation住宿；C. occupation职业；D. basement地下室。结合后文for the homeless families可知是为无家可归的家
17、庭提供住宿。故选B。17.I find these problems are easy _.A. to be worked outB. to work them outC. to work outD. to be worked them out【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查主动表达被动。句意：我发现这些问题很容易解决。“名词（代词） be easy(difficult, fit等形容词) 不定式” 结构中，有时尽管主语是动作的承受者，不定式在意义上是被动，形式上却是主动，句中these problems是work out的宾语。故选C。18.He went to bed _. The next
18、 morning he woke up only _ himself lying on the floor.A. drinking; to findB. drunk; to findC. being drunk; findingD. to drink; finding【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词和非谓语动词。句意：他喝得醉醺醺地上床睡觉。第二天早上他醒来发现自己躺在地板上。第一空为形容词drunk做主语补足语；第二空为only to do sth.表示“不料竟会”，为不定式做结果状语。故选B。19.I cant see my old grandparents _alone in the
19、 country, so I will have them _ with me in the city at present.A. leave; stayB. left; stayC. leaving; to stayD. left; to stay【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词用法。句意：我不能看到我的老祖父母独自留在乡下，所以我现在要让他们和我一起住在城里。第一空为过去分词作宾语补足语修饰grandparents；第二空为have sb. do sth. 结构，表示“让某人做某事”，该处have是使役动词。故选B。20.People _ hobbies which offe
20、r enjoyment, knowledge and relaxation.A. bring upB. set upC. take upD. pick up【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们从事业余爱好,因为这些活动提供知识和放松。A. bring up提出，教育；B. set up建立；C. take up从事；D. pick up捡起。根据后文hobbies可知是指从事的爱好。故选C。21.My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _it.A. in honor ofB. in favor ofC.
21、 in search ofD. in memory of【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我姐姐反对我的建议，而我哥哥却赞成。A. in honor of向致敬；B. in favor of支持，赞成；C. in search of搜索；D. in memory of纪念。while此处表示前后对比，姐姐反对，哥哥却赞成（in favor of）。故选B。22.We hope the teammates will catch some fire from Yao Ming, and Rockets will be _ to succeed this year.A. praise
22、dB. askedC. boundD. blamed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们希望队友们能从姚明身上感受到一些激情，火箭今年一定会取得成功。A. praised赞美；B. asked询问；C. bound注定的；D. blamed责备。结合后文to succeed this year可知此处考查短语be bound to“必然，一定要”。故选C。23.The defense lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the _ of the murder committed last month.A. witne
23、ssesB. audiencesC. viewersD. observers【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：辩护律师正在询问上个月发生的那起谋杀案的目击者之一的老人。A. witnesses目击者；B. audiences观众；C. viewers观众；D. observers观察者。结合后文of the murder committed last month.可知是在询问谋杀案的目击者。故选A。24.He urged that she _ the Great Wall on Monday.A. would visitB. shall visitC. visitD. visi
24、ted【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他极力主张她星期一去游览长城。urge表示“极力主张，强烈要求”时，后跟从句需用虚拟语气，结构为should +动词原形，其中should 可省略。故选C。【点睛】urge的用法归纳和词义辨析urge的用法：urge的用法1：urge的基本意思是“力劝”“敦促”,指外部或内部的影响或压力激励某人达到明确的目的。引申可表示“强烈要求”等。urge的用法2：urge可以接名词、动名词或that从句作宾语,从句中的谓语动词多用虚拟式。有时也可接由动词不定式充当补足语的复合宾语。urge的用法3：urge还可用作名词,意为“强烈的愿望”。例如:He
25、has an urge to become a film star.他非常希望成为电影明星。urge的词汇辨析：induce，persuade，urge，convince，counsel，coax这些动词均有“劝说，劝导，劝诱”之意。induce 指用讲道理来使某人做某事。persuade 普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。urge 语气强，指不断地热情地规劝诱导。convince 指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。counsel 较正式用词，指对一些较重大事情所提出的劝告。有时也用于非正式场合，但仍强调严肃的一面。coax 指用好话善意或耐心劝诱、哄骗某人
26、做某事。25.He told me the news this morning _ his father had come back.A. whichB. thatC. Both A and BD. when【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查连接词。句意：他今天早上告诉我他父亲回来的消息。此处为同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导。故选B。【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句；二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）；三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句
27、的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。26._ along the quiet road at forty miles an hour, and then an old man suddenly started to cross the road in front of me.A. DrivingB. Having drivenC. I was drivingD. When I was driving【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：当我正在安静的街道上以每小时40公里的时速行驶时，一位老人突然在我面前闯过马路。这是一个and引导的主从复合句。前面的部分是一个完整的句子，
28、所以要有主语和谓语。并且不需要连词再来连接。且由then an old man suddenly started to cross the road in front of me判断可知，前面的主句是一个过去进行时态。故选C。27.I was _ with my son about his carelessness, which _ the main cause of his failure in math.A. annoyed; wereB. amazed; wasC. amazing; wereD. annoyed; was【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析和主谓一致。句意：我很
29、生我儿子的气，他的粗心大意是他数学不及格的主要原因。第一空根据后文his failure in math可知应是对考试不及格感到生气恼怒，且修饰人应用-ed结尾形容词，故用annoyed，amazing“令人惊异的”；amazed“吃惊的”；第二空为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词carelessness，先行词在从句中做主语，时态为一般过去时，故谓语动词应用单数形式was。故选D。【点睛】定语从句中的主谓一致在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working ha
30、rd. 他是我的一个努力工作的朋友。He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 他是我唯一一个努力工作的朋友。（先行词前有only修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数）28.I walked up to the top of the hill with my feiend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lakeA. whichB. whereC. whoD. that【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：我和我的朋友一起走到山顶，在那里我们欣赏了美丽的湖景。分析句子可知，the
31、 top of the hill 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语。故选B。29.By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. whichB. whenC. whatD. that【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：到16:30，也就是快关门的时候，几乎所有的画都卖完了。此处为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用which引导。when为关系副词；what不能引导定语从句；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选A。【点睛】定语从句中的关系词选择，可考虑以下几点：1、
32、看清楚先行词的意义，就是理清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点、原因。指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等等。2、看清楚关系词的句法功能，就是理清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等等。作定语通常用whose，有时也用which。作状语要用when, where, why。3、看清楚定语从句的种类，就是理清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。that、why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。 4、看清楚文体，就是理清是正式文体，还是非正式文体。是书面语体还是口语体。30.The fact that she never apologized _a lot a
33、bout what kind of person she is.A. saysB. talksC. appearsD. declares【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她永远不会道歉很大程度上说明了她是一个什么样的人”。A . say说明，表达，显示; B. talks谈论;C .appear出现，显得; D. declare宣布，声明。根据“she never apologized”可知，她永远不会道歉很大程度上说明了她是一个什么样的人。故选A项。第二节 阅读理解（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分）AGive yourself a test. Which way is t
34、he wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, youll have no trouble answering these questions.Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A childs day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.
35、Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.The firs
36、t step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about ho
37、w cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted theyd felt cold water at first.Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watch
38、ers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a ruby-crowned kinglet and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.The pressures of time and destination are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who we
39、re headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see whats around them. I asked them what theyd seen. Oh, a few birds, they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.Nature seems to unfold to people
40、who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.z.xxk31. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more _.A. anxious to do wondersB. sen
41、sitive to others feelingsC. likely to develop unpleasant habitsD. eager to explore the world around them32. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.B. To stop complaining all the time.C. To follow the teachers advice.D. To admit mistakes honestly.33. The bi
42、rd watchers behavior shows that they _.A. are very patient in their observationB. are really fascinated by natureC. care only about the names of birdsD. question the accuracy of the field guides34. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?A. The natural beauty isnt att
43、ractive to them.B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time.C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.35. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should _.A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the worldB. get rid of some bad
44、habits in our daily lifeC. open our mind to new things and ideasD. try our best to protect nature【答案】31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. A【解析】本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我们：放慢脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A childs day is f
45、illed with fascination, newness and wonder.可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，孩子的一天充满了魔力、新奇和惊奇。从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选D。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样的观念：避免过早下结论。故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段及首句Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of u
46、s have with naming things.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see whats around them.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地
47、，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙吧。故选A。点睛：本文是一篇散文阅读。整个文章行文自由，不拘一格，对考生来说阅读有一定的难度，但我们只需要抓住贯穿全文的主线：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，就不难理解全文大意了。文章多考查细节理解题和推理判断题，考生需要根据文中事实和线索作出判断和推理。BIts been a long, wet winter. As thousands of people died from coronavirus disease, im
48、proving our immune system has rarely felt more urgent.“When you come into contact with a virus youve never met before,” says Sheena Cruickshank, a professor of immunology at the University of Manchester, “youve got various barriers such as skin, microbiome and so on to try to stop it getting into yo
49、ur body.” If a virus breaks these defenses, it has to deal with our white blood cells, or immune cells.“However, our immune systems may have blind spots, where our immune response might wont recognize certain bugs,” says Cruickshank, “Personally, my immune system is not necessarily very good at seei
50、ng colds.” But a healthy lifestyle will secure solid defenses.Cruickshank recommends “eating a more varied diet with lots of high-fiber foods”. Being vegetarian isnt a necessity for microbiome health, but the more plant foods you consume, the better.To be immunologically fit, you need to be physical
51、ly fit. “White blood cells can be quite inactive,” Says Prof Arne Akbar, the president of the British Society for Immunology, “Exercise mobilizes them by increasing your blood flow, so they can do their security jobs.” Apart from this, exercise can reduce stress, which is next on our list of immune-
52、improving priorities. Stress hormones(激素) can weaken immune function. If you have had it, the virus never completely goes away. “During periods of stress,” says Akbar, “it can reactivate and then we get sick.”Exercising and eating well will have the likely knock-on effect of helping you sleep better
53、, which is a bonus because a tired body is more sensitive to bugs. “If youve got a regular sleep pattern, you have natural body rhythms and everythings fine. If they go out of order, then youve got problems.” says Akbar.36. According to paragraph 2, when the barriers fail in preventing a virus enter
54、ing your body, _ will come up next.A. skinB. bloodC. microbiomesD. immune cells37. Why does the author mention by “my immune system is not necessarily very good at seeing colds”?A. To emphasize that our immune system is not always reliable.B. To tell us that Cruickshank doesnt lead a healthy life.C.
55、 To stress that a healthy lifestyle helps improving immune system.D. To indicate that catching a cold is not a terrible thing.38. What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 5 refer to?A. MicrobiomesB. White blood cellsC. People doing exerciseD. Stress hormones39. This text mainly introduces _
56、 ways of improving our immune system.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 540. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. How to boost your immune system to avoid coronavirus?B. Why does coronavirus have a bad effect on our health?C. Coronavirus: Improving our immune systemD. Immune system: the best way to deal with co
57、ronavirus【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 39. B 40. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍当病毒侵入人体时免疫系统的机能反应，以及三种改善免疫系统的方法，保持健康的生活方式、健康的身体和运动。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中If a virus breaks these defenses, it has to deal with our white blood cells, or immune cells.可知如果病毒破坏了这些防御，它必须对付我们的白细胞，或免疫细胞。由此可知，当这些屏障不能阻止病毒进入你的身体时，接下来就会出现免疫细胞。故选D。【37
58、题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段But a healthy lifestyle will secure solid defenses.可知但健康的生活方式会让你有坚实的防御。由此可推知，作者提到“就我个人而言，我的免疫系统对感冒不是很敏感”是为了强调健康的生活方式有助于提高免疫系统。故选C。【38题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文“White blood cells can be quite inactive,” Says Prof Arne Akbar, the president of the British Society for Immunology, “Exercise mobilizes可
59、知英国免疫学会主席Arne Akbar教授说：“白细胞可能相当不活跃，运动可以通过增加血液流量来动员白细胞，这样他们就可以做好安全工作。”由此可知，them指的是White blood cells白细胞。故选B。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中But a healthy lifestyle will secure solid defenses.可知但健康的生活方式会让你有坚实的防御。以及第五段中To be immunologically fit, you need to be physically fit.可知要想免疫健康，你需要身体健康。以及倒数第二段中Apart from this,
60、 exercise can reduce stress, which is next on our list of immune-improving priorities.可知除此之外，运动还可以减轻压力，这是我们的免疫改善优先事项列表中的下一个。由此可知，文章共介绍三种改善免疫的方法，故选B。【40题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段Its been a long, wet winter. As thousands of people died from coronavirus disease, improving our immune system has rarely felt more ur
61、gent.可知这是一个漫长而潮湿的冬天。随着成千上万的人死于冠状病毒疾病，我们的免疫系统得到了前所未有的改善。结合文章介绍当病毒侵入人体时免疫系统的机能反应，以及三种改善免疫系统的方法，保持健康的生活方式、健康的身体和运动。故A选项“如何增强你的免疫系统来避免冠状病毒？”符合文章标题，故选A。【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意
62、义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。如第三小题，根据上文“White blood cells can be quite inactive,” Says Prof Arne Akbar, the president of the British Society for Immunology, “Exercise mobilizes可知英国免疫学会主席Arne Akbar教授说：“白细胞可能相当不活跃，运动可以通过增加血液流量来
63、动员白细胞，这样他们就可以做好安全工作。”由此可知，them指的是White blood cells白细胞。故选B。第三节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中两项为多余选项。The Four People You Dont Want to Sit Next to on a PlaneLet me begin by promising you that I am not an angry person. I would actually vow that I am inherently happy and all-around qu
64、ite friendly and nice. But one thing that really grinds my gears, is being seated next to a nightmare neighbor on an airplane._41_Perhaps you normally like them, but when you are sitting next to them on a plane its a different thing. They usually spend all the flight moving around and dropping their
65、 toys on the floor, and when theyre drinking their orange juice it ends up on your trousers. _42_. So you cant have the little sleep that you were planning.Conversation makersYou recognize this type as soon as you sit down. They immediately start talking about the plane, or the weather, or they ask
66、you a personal question. Its very difficult not to talk to these people. _43_.Nervous fliersThese are the people with white faces who sit down and immediately ask for something to drink. Every five minutes they call a flight attendant to ask if there are any problems with the plane. _44_. The best t
67、hing to do is to pretend to sleep.Space invaders_45_. But they have a terrible habit of taking up all their room, and some of your room too. They usually sit so that you cant move, with their arms and legs in your space.A Naughty kidsB. Well-behaved parentsC. They also tell you about air crashD. Som
68、e people want to talk all the timeE The people are not necessarily very largeF. Then they decide they want to have fun with youG. Youll probably have to keep talking until the plane lands【答案】41. A 42. F 43. G 44. C 45. E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了你在飞机上可能会遇到你不想挨着的四类“怪咖”邻座。【41题详解】根据下文“Perhaps you normally
69、 like them, but when you are sitting next to them on a plane its a different thing. They usually spend all the flight moving around and dropping their toys on the floor, and when theyre drinking their orange juice it ends up on your trousers”可知，应是顽皮的孩子在飞机上所做的事，包括整个飞行过程中到处走动，把玩具扔在地板上，当他们喝橙汁的时候，最后会落到你
70、的裤子上。故A项：Naughty kids(淘气孩子)作为主旨句，故选A。【42题详解】根据下文“So you cant have the little sleep that you were planning.”可知，他们想跟你一起玩，故你不能像你计划的那样睡个好觉。F项：Then they decide they want to have fun with you(然后他们决定和你一起玩)是上文的接下来的动作。故选F。【43题详解】根据上文“You recognize this type as soon as you sit down. They immediately start tal
71、king about the plane, or the weather, or they ask you a personal question. Its very difficult not to talk to these people.”可知，你一坐下就认出了这种类型。他们立刻开始谈论飞机，天气，或者问你一个私人问题。很难不跟这些人说话。故G项：Youll probably have to keep talking until the plane lands(你可能得一直说直到飞机降落)是上文的一种结果，符合文意。故选G。【44题详解】根据上文“These are the people
72、 with white faces who sit down and immediately ask for something to drink. Every five minutes they call a flight attendant to ask if there are any problems with the plane.”可知，讲的是一些紧张的乘客的事情，C项：They also tell you about air crash(他们还告诉你空难的事)也是紧张的乘客会做的事情。故选C。【45题详解】根据下文的“But they have a terrible habit o
73、f taking up all their room, and some of your room too. They usually sit so that you cant move, with their arms and legs in your space.”可知，还有一类人，他们有一个可怕的习惯，占了他们所有的房间，还有你的一些房间。他们通常坐在你不能动的地方，胳膊和腿放在你的空间里。故E项：The people are not necessarily very large（这些人不必然很大）与下文形成转折，符合文意。故选E。【点睛】七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内
74、容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用。以本题第1小题为例，根据下文“Perhaps you normally like them, but when you are sitting next to them on a plane its a different thing. They usually spend all the flight moving around and dropping their toys on the floor, and when theyre dr
75、inking their orange juice it ends up on your trousers”可知，应是顽皮的孩子在飞机上所做的是，故A项作为主旨句，切题。故选A。第四节 完形填空（共 20 小题; 每小题 1分, 满分20分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。It is a touching story which wont be forgotten. An old gentleman reached the hospital at 9:00 am. I heard him saying to the nurse that he wa
76、s in a hurry for an appointment at 10：00. The nurse had him take a _46_in the waiting area，_47_him it would be at least 35 minutes _48_someone would be able to see him. I saw him _49_his watch and decided，since I was_50_busy my patient didnt _51_at the appointed hour，I would examine his wound. While
77、 taking care of his wound，I asked him if he had another doctors appointment. The gentleman said no and told me that he _52_ to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his_53_. He told me that she had been _54_ for a while and that she had a special disease. I asked if she would be _55_if he was
78、 a bit late. He replied that she _56_knew who he was，that she had not been able to _57_him for five years now. I was _58_，and asked him，And you _59_go every morning，even though she doesnt know who you are?He smiled and said，She doesnt know me，but I know who she is. I had to hold back_60_as he left.
79、Now I_61_that in marriages，true love is _62_ of all that is. The happiest people dont _63_have the best of everything；they just _64_the best of everything they have. _65_ isnt about how to live through the storm，but how to dance in the rain. I love the story and recommend it to you. Thank you for yo
80、ur time. Please spread the story to people around you if you are fond of it.46. A. seatB. testC. breathD. break47. A. persuadingB. tellingC. declaringD. promising48. A. ifB. beforeC. sinceD. after49. A. taking offB. fixingC. windingD. looking at50. A. notB. alsoC. seldomD. very51. A. show offB. turn
81、 upC. come onD. go away52. A. forgotB. neededC. agreedD. happened53. A. daughterB. wifeC. motherD. sister54. A. lateB. wellC. thereD. around55. A. lonelyB. worriedC. scaredD. hungry56. A. so farB. neitherC. alreadyD. no longer57. A. answerB. recognizeC. believeD. envy58. A. movedB. disappointedC. su
82、rprisedD. satisfied59. A. onlyB. thenC. thusD. still60. A. tearsB. curiosityC. encouragementD. judgment61. A. realizeB. suggestC. hopeD. prove62. A. agreementB. expressionC. acceptanceD. exhibition63. A. necessarilyB. completelyC. naturallyD. frequently64. A. learnB. tryC. favorD. make65. A. Disease
83、B. LifeC. TrustD. Dignity【答案】46. A 47. B 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. B 53. B 54. C 55. B 56. D 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. A 61. A 62. C 63. A 64. D 65. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者在医院给一位老人检查，得知老人每天都去养老院看望生病的妻子，尽管妻子已经有五年认不出老人了，老人仍然坚持每天都去。这让作者感动，并意识到真正的爱是接受一切，生活不是如何度过暴风雨，而是如何在雨中起舞。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：护士让他在等候区坐下，告诉他
84、至少要35分钟才能有人来给他看病。A. seat座位；B. test测试；C. breath呼吸；D. break休息。结合后文护士告诉老人要等35分钟可知，护士给老人在等候区找了个位置坐下。短语take a seat“坐下”。故选A。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：护士让他在等候区坐下，告诉他至少要35分钟才能有人来给他看病。A. persuading说服；B. telling告诉；C. declaring说明；D. promising承诺。根据后文him it would be at least 35 minutes可知护士告诉老人要等35分钟。故选B。【48题详解】考查连词辨析。句
85、意：护士让他在等候区坐下，告诉他至少要35分钟才能有人来给他看病。A. if如果；B. before在之前；C. since既然；D. after在之后。此处为“it would be+段时间+before”，表示“在之后才，引导时间状语从句。故选B。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看见他在看表，就决定，既然我不忙我的病人在指定的时间没有出现我就检查他的伤口。A. taking off起飞；B. fixing修理；C. winding缠绕；D. looking at看着。根据后文his watch可知老人在看表。故选D。【50题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我看见他在看表，就决定，既然
86、我不忙我的病人在指定的时间没有出现我就检查他的伤口。A. not不；B. also而且；C. seldom很少；D. very非常。结合后文I would examine his wound可知作者当时并不忙，于是给老人检查伤口。故选A。【51题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我看见他在看表，就决定，既然我不忙我的病人在指定的时间没有出现我就检查他的伤口。A. show off炫耀；B. turn up出现；C. come on快点；D. go away走开。结合后文作者给老人检查伤口，可推知是因为作者的病人在指定的时间没有出现。故选B。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那位先生说没有，并告
87、诉我他需要去养老院和他的妻子吃早餐。A. forgot忘记；B. needed需要；C. agreed同意；D. happened发生。根据后文to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with可知老人需要去养老院。故选B。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那位先生说没有，并告诉我他需要去养老院和他的妻子吃早餐。A. daughter女儿；B. wife妻子；C. mother母亲；D. sister姐妹。根据后文in marriages可知此处指的是老人的妻子。故选B。【54题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，她在那里已经有一段时间了，她
88、有一种特殊的疾病。A. late迟；B. well 很好地；C. there在那里；D. around在四周。此处指在养老院应用there。故选C。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我问她是否担心他会迟到一会儿。A. lonely寂寞的；B. worried担心的；C. scared害怕的；D. hungry饥饿的。结合后文if he was a bit late可知作者询问老人是否担心自己会迟到。故选B。【56题详解】考查副词/副词短语短语辨析。句意：他回答说她不知道他是谁了，她已经五年没能认出他了。A. so far到目前为止；B. neither两者都不；C. already已经；
89、D. no longer不再。根据后文knew who he was可知老人的妻子不再认识老人了。故选D。【57题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回答说她不再知道他是谁了，她已经五年没能认出他了。A. answer回答；B. recognize识别；C. believe相信；D. envy嫉妒。承接上文老人的妻子不认识老人了，已经五年认不出他了。故选B。【58题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶，问他:“你仍然每天早上去，即使她不知道你是谁？”A. moved感动的；B. disappointed失望的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. satisfied满意的。作者得知老人的妻子认
90、不出老人了，但是老人还是每天都去看望她，应当是感觉很惊讶。故选C。【59题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶，问他:“你仍然每天早上去，即使她不知道你是谁？”A. only仅仅；B. then然后；C. thus因此；D. still仍然。结合上文可知老人的妻子已经有五年认不出老人了，但是老人仍然坚持每天都去看望她。故选D。【60题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他离开时，我不得不忍住眼泪。A. tears眼泪；B. curiosity好奇；C. encouragement鼓励；D. judgment判断。作者被老人对妻子的感情所感动，不得不忍住眼泪。故选A。【61题详解】考查动词词义辨析。
91、句意：现在我认识到，在婚姻中，真正的爱是接受一切。A. realize意识到；B. suggest建议；C. hope希望；D. prove证明。老人的经历让作者意识到真正的爱是接纳一切。故选A。【62题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在我认识到，在婚姻中，真正的爱是接受一切。A. agreement协议；B. expression表达；C. acceptance接纳；D. exhibition展览。结合老人的故事可知，虽然妻子换了疾病认不出自己，但是老人还是接纳了这样的妻子，每天都去看她。因此作者意识到真正的爱是接受一切。故选C。【63题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最幸福的人不一定拥有一切
92、最好的东西；他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的一切。A. necessarily必要地；B. completely完全地；C. naturally自然地；D. frequently频繁地。结合后文the best of everything they have可知作者认为最幸福的人不一定拥有一切最好的东西；他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的一切。故选A。【64题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最幸福的人不一定拥有一切最好的东西；他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的一切。A. learn学会；B. try尝试；C. favor帮助；D. make制作。此处考查短语make the best of表示“充分利用”。故选
93、D。【65题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活不是如何度过暴风雨，而是如何在雨中起舞。A. Disease疾病；B. Life生活；C. Trust信任；D. Dignity尊严。作者由老人的故事联想到生活的哲理，生活不是如何度过暴风雨，而是如何在雨中起舞。其它选项不符合语境。故选B。第卷（非选择题）第二部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分20分）第一节 单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面句子，在空白处填入一个单词或所给单词的正确形式。66. China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _ the benefi
94、t of all its citizen.67. Children, when _(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.68. Much to the customers _ (satisfy) , the company is trying to satisfy their needs.69. His desire is that he _(visit) the Great Wall someday.70. Though Li Lanjuan is younger than Zhong Nanshan,
95、she is senior _ Zhang Wenhong.71. As I was about _(leave), a clerk in the building, who had been listening to what the others had said, approached me.72. The manager requested that all the business invitations _(send) out before tomorrow.73. “ Do you have any clothes _(wash) today?” the maid asked.7
96、4. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _(watch) anything that happened to be on.75. Nowadays, the importance of safety _(aware) for children is underlined not only by parents but also by the government.【答案】66. for 67. accompanied 68. satisfaction 69. visit 70. to 71. to l
97、eave 72. be sent 73. to be washed 74. to watch 75. awareness【解析】【66题详解】考查介词。句意：为了全体公民的利益，中国一直在推动公立医院的改革。结合句意表示“为了的利益”短语为for the benefit of。故填for。【67题详解】考查省略句。句意：孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。在when连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。从句完整为when (they are)accompanied by their parents。故填accompanied。【68题详解】考查名词。句意：使顾客满意的是，公司正在
98、努力满足他们的需要。结合句意表示“令满意的是”短语为to ones satisfaction。故填satisfaction。【69题详解】考查动词时态。句意：他的愿望是有一天能去游览长城。本句中desire后接 that 从句时，其谓语通常用“(should)动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式。should可省略。故填visit。【70题详解】考查介词。句意：李兰娟虽然比钟南山年轻，但比张文宏年长。结合句意表示“比年长”短语为be senior to。故填to。【71题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：正当我要离开的时候，大楼里一个一直在听别人说话的职员走近了我。结合句意表示“正要做某事”短语为be ab
99、out to do sth.，后跟不定式。故填to leave。【72题详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：经理要求所有的商务邀请函在明天之前发出。request表示“命令”引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，且此处send与invitations构成被动关系，故此处应填(should) be sent，should可以省略。故填be sent。【73题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“你今天有衣服要洗吗?”女仆问。分析句子结构可知wash在句中做非谓语动词，且表示将要发生的动作应用不定式to do，且wash与clothes构
100、成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be washed。【74题详解】考查形容词作状语。句意：老人每天晚上都坐在电视机前，高兴地看着电视上播放的任何东西。根据短语be happy to do sth.表示“乐意做某事”，且分析句子结构可知be happy to在句中作状语，故去掉be动词部分。故填to watch。【75题详解】考查名词。句意：如今，不仅是父母，政府也强调了儿童安全意识的重要性。结合句意表示“安全意识”短语为safety awareness。故填awareness。【点睛】状语从句中的省略(1)在when, while, if, as if, though(或a
101、lthough), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。如：When (water is) pure, water is a colorless liquid. 水纯净时，是无色的液体。When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help. 我困难时总是找她帮助。Errors, if (there are) any, should be corrected. 如果有什么错误，就应当改正。Wood gives much smoke while (
102、wood is) burning. 木头燃烧时放出大量烟雾。The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 这封信留在这里待领。Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something. 亨利向四周环视，似乎在寻找什么。She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak. 她尽管体弱，但学习仍十分努力(2)“when(或if, where, wherever, whenever, as soon as, as fa
103、st as, than等)+possible/necessary等”，中间省略了it is(或was)。如：Answer these questions, if (it is) possible without referring to the book. 如果有可能，请不看书回答这些问题。When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something. 必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。如第二小题，句意：孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。在when连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。从句完整为when (they are)accomp
104、anied by their parents。故填accompanied。第二节 篇章语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。I was told that the movie _76_(make) by the famous director would be a hit. I had been longing for it. Yesterday, I _77_(give) two tickets for it. I got dressed beautifully and went to the new movie theatre down
105、town. This was my first time to be in an American movie theater, and several things happened that seemed unusual to me. First, I was surprised that people were eating during the movie. Popcorn, candy and soda water _78_(sell) in the theater. Such things can hardly _79_(see) in my homeland. However,
106、they _80_(sell) well in the US, and young people love eating them. I dont understand why people buy food to eat during the movie. Also, before the movie was shown, a lot of people were talking. But as soon as the movie got _81_(start), everyone became quiet. Another unusual thing was that at the end
107、 of the movie, nobody applauded. While the credits were _82_(show), people were leaving. It was also strange to me that popcorn boxes and candy wrappers _83_(leave) on the floor of the theater. I was also surprised that the movie theater was so small and narrow. I _84_(tell) that the theater was big
108、 at one time. But it _85_(divide) into several small theaters so that several movies could be shown at the same time.【答案】76. made 77. was given 78. are sold 79. be seen 80. sell 81. started 82. being shown 83. were left 84. was told 85. was divided【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者去电影院看电影，发现人们在电影院中一些不好的行为和电影院是如此的小
109、和狭窄。【76题详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知make在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语movie构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填made。【77题详解】考查动词时态语态。本句中主语I与谓语动词give构成被动关系，且事情发生在昨天应用一般过去时，主语为I，谓语动词用单数。故填was given。【78题详解】考查动词时态语态。本句中主语Popcorn, candy and soda water与谓语动词sell构成被动关系，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Popcorn, candy and soda water，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are sold。【79题详解】考查动词语态。本
110、句中主语things与谓语动词see构成被动关系，且can后跟动词原形。故填be seen。【80题详解】考查主动表被动。sell表示某种东西的自然属性和特点时，一般用主动，即用主动形式表示被动意义。且根据后文and young people love eating them.可知为一般现在时，主语为they，谓语动词用原形。故填sell。【81题详解】考查非谓语动词。此处为“get+过去分词”结构，表示“开始”。故填started。【82题详解】考查过去进行时。此处表示当片尾字幕正在放映时，人们就开始离开了。空格处表示正在进行时的动作，且show与credits构成被动，故用being do
111、ne形式。故填being shown。【83题详解】考查动词时态语态。此处主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据上文was可知为一般过去时，主语为popcorn boxes and candy wrappers，谓语动词用复数。故填were left。【84题详解】考查动词时态语态。此处主语I与tell构成被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，主语为I，谓语动词用单数。故填was told。【85题详解】考查动词时态语态。此处it与divide构成被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，主语为it，谓语动词用单数。故填was divided。第三部分 写作（共两节；满分20分）第一节
112、 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）86.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Dear Sir or Madam,I am glad to get the news from the local newspaper that some vo
113、lunteers are recruit for the Expo this year. I am so interested in it that Id like to apply it.First, allowing me to introduce myself please. My name is Li Hua, a student from one of the best senior high school in Lanzhou. I have ever visited to some English countries, and therefore I am very good a
114、t spoken English and pretty familiar with English traditions and customs. On the other hand, I have been a volunteer for Lanzhou International Marathon in the last 3 years, but I am really experienced in being a volunteer.I would appreciate if you could give me the chance. Look forward to hearing fr
115、om you letter.Your sincerely,Li Hua【答案】1. recruitrecruited2. apply后加for3. allowingallow4. schoolschools5. 去掉visited后面的to6. butso或and7. appreciate后面加it8. LookLooking9. 去掉letter 10. YourYours【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。作者想申请世博会的志愿者，介绍了自己以及自己的优势。【详解】1.考查动词语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，根据上文are可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故recruit改为recruite
116、d。2.考查介词。根据短语apply for sth表示“申请”符合句意。故apply后加for。3.考查祈使句。此处为祈使句，句首字母要用动词原形。故allowing改为allow。4.考查名词的数。school为可数名词，根据上文one of后跟名词复数形式，表示“其中之一”。故school改为schools。5.考查及物动词。visit表示“参观，拜访”为及物动词，可知直接跟宾语。故去掉visited后面的to。6.考查连词。句意：另一方面，在过去的三年里，我一直是兰州国际马拉松的志愿者，（所以）我对志愿者工作很有经验。结合上下文语境可知上下文为承接关系，或理解为因果关系，不是转折关系，
117、应用so或and。故but改为so或and。7.考查it用法。appreciate后跟it做形式宾语。故appreciate后面加it。8.考查省略句。此处为写信的惯常用语，完整为(I am) looking forward to hearing from you.。故Look改为Looking。9.考查固定短语。句意：期待收到你的来信。短语hear from sb表示“收到某人的来信”，其后不跟letter。故去掉letter。10.考查代词。yours相当于your+名词，此处相当于your Li Hua。故Your改为Yours。【点睛】it作形式宾语的用法。当不定式（短语）、动名词（短
118、语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；基本句式结构一、动词+ it + that-从句。如：（1）sb find/ believe/ think/ feel/ consider/ make + it +n+to do/that从句，如：I take
119、it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。He makes it a rule never to borrow money.他立志决不向别人借钱。I think it no need talking about it with them.我认为没必要跟他们谈。（2）sb find/think/make + it + adj. + to do sth/that 从句/宾语从句)如：I dont feel it difficult to understand the Special English.我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。I find it inte
120、resting to learn English.二、动词 + prep + it + that-从句如：I cant answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。You may rely on it that hell come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。You may depend on it that we shall always help you.尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer
121、for 等。注意： that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语三、动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如：We owe it to you that there wasnt a serious accident.多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。注意：由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sbs attention, owe it to sb 等。四、动词 + it +
122、 when /if/that-从句。如：(1)sbhate / dislike / love / likeitwhen从句I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。(2)sbappreciate/preferitif从句I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.Id prefer it if I didnt have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多
123、工作，好就太好了。如第七小题，appreciate后跟it做形式宾语，为固定用法。故appreciate后面加it。笫二节 书面表达（满分10分）87.假定你是李华，是兰州一中学生会主席。得知目前在美国新冠肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019，COVID-19) 疫情比较严重。请你给我校在美国的友好学校校长Donald Obama写封信，内容包括：1.提出防疫建议；2.介绍我校复学情况；3.咨询美国学生在线学习情况。注意：1.字数100字左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；_【答案】Dear Headmaster Donald Obama, Im Li Hua, th
124、e chairman of student union of Lan Zhou No. 1 middle school. I learnt that COVID 19 is currently in severe epidemic in the United States. Id like to make some suggestions. First of all, you should wear a mask if you go outdoors, otherwise, you may get infected when an infected person around you coug
125、hs or speaks. Second, its highly recommended that you should wash your hands and keep the windows open as often as possible. At present, our school students have started the school, how about American students online learning situation? Looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】这是一篇提纲类
126、作文。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假定你是李华，是兰州一中学生会主席。得知目前在美国新冠肺炎疫情比较严重。请你给我校在美国的友好学校校长Donald Obama写封信，内容包括：1.提出防疫建议；2.介绍我校复学情况；3.咨询美国学生在线学习情况。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：student union (学生会)；epidemic (疫情)；make some suggestions (提建议)；as often as possible (尽可能经常地)等。 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。第4步：连句成文，注意使用
127、恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如I learnt that COVID 19 is currently in severe epidemic in the United States. Id like to make some suggestions.运用宾语从句；First of all, you should wear a mask if you go outdoors, otherwise, you may get infected when an infected person around you coughs or speaks.运用条件状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。