1、专题35 选择性必修三各单元语法点总结-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清（译林版2020）选择性必修三Unit1 语法：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区分1.定语从句有限定性和非限定性两种限定性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限定性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限定性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买
2、的。（非限定性）2. 通过下表对比限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整。标 点无逗号有逗号关系代词指人who (that) whom指物which (that)人和物whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）指物which人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省修饰名词或代词名词或代词，也可以是整个句子翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子3关系代词as与w
3、hich的区别 1)引导限定性定语从句as 在引导限制性定语从句多与the same, such, as, so连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。如: Such a clever girl as she can learn anything quickly. I was reading the same book as he bought yesterday. We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.We are facing the problems which we faced years ago.We hope to ge
4、t such a tool as he is using. We hope to get the tool which he is using.注意：the same as 与the same .that 的区别：前者修饰的是原物同样的，而后者修饰的就是先行词。 This is the same watch as I lost. 这和我丢的那一只手表是一样的。This is the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢的那一只手表。两者的区别： the same. that指“同一人（物）”；而the same. as指“同一类人（物）”。如：The people in
5、many other Asian countries have the same custom as we Chinese have.这里只能用关系代词as，不能用that，因为表达的意思是“相似”。2)引导非限定性定语从句 A.由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面，中间或后面（一般放在句首），一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后（即一般放在句中）。例如： As we all know, Galileos theory of fa
6、lling objects is right.= Galileos theory of falling objects, as we all know, is right.= Galileos theory of falling objects is right, as we all know. He was thrown into prison, which got round throughout our village. As is expected, the England team won the football match. The earth runs around the s
7、un, as is known by everyone. He was late again, which made me unhappy. As you know, he is good at English.B .as有“如”、“正如”、“像”、“正像”的含义，which 没有。后面的谓语动词多是see, know, hear, expect, say, mention, report等。Bob did an excellent job, as we had expected. Our team won the game, which made us happy. As is known
8、to all, Taiwan is part of China.C. as做主语时，其后必跟系动词，而which 无此限制 The meeting was put off, as was what we wanted. He was murdered, as seemed true.选择性必修三Unit2 语法：主语从句主语从句在句中作主语，一般放在主句谓语动词之前，但在很多情况下由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。That he hadnt arrived on time made us anxious.他没有按时到达让我们很担心。Whether he will analyse the
9、data is not known.还不知道他是否会分析这些数据。Now it seems certain that Pam will volunteer.现在看起来帕姆一定会做志愿工作的。【注意】连词that引导主语从句时，that无意义，不作句子成分，但不能省略。 通常用it作形式主语，而将作真正主语的that从句置于句末。 主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。有时用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句移到后面。其句型有：a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary/important that有必要/重要的是It is obvious that很明显
10、b. It + be + -ed分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that众所周知It has been decided that已决定It occurred to me that我突然想起选择性必修三Unit3 语法：表语从句(1)表语从句的引导词 引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether, 连接代词和连接副词，以及as if, as though, because等其他连词(词组)。The question is that we are afraid to go across the narrow bridge
11、.问题是我们不敢穿过那座窄桥。That is why he left his hometown in his teens. 那就是他十几岁离开家乡的原因。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听上去好像有人在敲门。（2）当主语是reason时，表语从句一般要用that引导而不用because。The reason why he was absent was that he fell ill suddenly this morning.他缺席的原因是他今天早晨突然患病了。【拓展】可用于表语从句的连系动词除be动词外，还有seem，loo
12、k，appear，sound等。【注意】that引导表语从句时不作句子成分，但不能省略。连词if(是否)不能引导表语从句，表达“是否”之意时，只能用whether。当主语为reason时，其表语从句只能用that引导，不可用why或because。选择性必修三Unit4语法：同位语从句同位语从句通常位于belief, suggestion, conclusion, information, order, decision, fact, news, thought, doubt, idea, hope, promise等名词之后，用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义。同位语从句一般由that引导，但
13、在具体情况下可以用连接代词(what, which, who)、连接副词(when, where, why, how)或whether引导。He asked me a question whether the work was worth doing. 他问了我一个问题：这份工作是否值得做。The fact that he won first prize cant be denied. 他取得第一名的事实不容否认。【注意】同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 在意义上：同位语从句对名词进行补充说明或解释；而定语从句对名词或代词进行修饰和限定，相当于一个形容词。 在结构上：同位语从句由连词、连接代词或连
14、接副词引导，最常用的连词that一般不省略，也不在从句中担任成分；而定语从句由关系代词、关系副词引导，that在定语从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可省略。 在含义上：同位语从句与所说明、解释的名词无逻辑关系；而定语从句所修饰的名词是该从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、状语等。 同位语从句解释或说明的名词是有限制的，大多是表示抽象概念的名词；而定语从句所修饰的先行词无限制，既可指人，又可指物。The news that they had won the game arrived soon. (同位语从句)很快就传来了他们比赛获胜的消息。The news that you told me yesterday is true. (定语从句)昨天你告诉我的那个消息是真的。
