1、核心考点十一定语从句使先行词更准确,【考向聚焦】定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有：关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句；关系副词where引导的定语从句(近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况)；“介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句；as引导的非限制性定语从句。1(2013北京，27)Many countries are now setting up national parks_animals and plants can be protected.Awhen Bwhich Cwhose Dwher
2、e解析考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故使用关系副词，先行词指地点，故选where。答案D2(2013福建，27)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.Awhose Bthat Cwho Dwhich解析考查定语从句。其中those作为先行词，定语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用whose。答案A3(2013湖南，21)Happiness and success often come to those_are good at recognizing
3、 their own strengths.Awhom Bwho Cwhat Dwhich解析考查定语从句。先行词为those，指人，定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。答案B4(2013江苏，22)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_he remembers starting as early as his childhood.Awhere Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen解析考查定语从句。先行词为passion，定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。答案B5(2013辽宁，34)He
4、 may win the competition，_he is likely to get into the national team.Ain which case Bin that caseCin what case Din whose case解析考查定语从句。两分句间无连词，故排除B项(不能用作连词，in this/ that case用于并列句中)。此处which指代前面主句，in which case引导定语从句用语替代并列句中的in this/ that case。句意：他可能赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话，他就可能进入国家队。答案A6(2013陕西，16)_ is often th
5、e case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.AIt BThat CWhat DAs解析考查定语从句。此处as引导的定语从句位于主句之前，指代整个主句内容。句意：正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好了。答案D7(2013四川，9)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment_they live.Awhat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere解析考查定语从句。此处先判断从句类型为定语从句，先行词为the environment
6、，定语从句中live为不及物动词，因此不缺少主干成分，应填关系副词；且先行词environment指地点，故用where，相当于in which。答案D8(2013天津，6)We have launched another manmade satellite，_is announced in todays newspaper.Athat Bwhich Cwho Dwhat解析考查定语从句。此处关系代词which指代整个主句引导非限制性定语从句。句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这是在今天的报纸上宣布的。故答案选B。答案B9(2013新课标，4)When I arrived，Bryan took
7、me to see the house_I would be staying.Awhat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhich解析考查定语从句。定语从句中stay为不及物动词，故不缺主干成分，用关系副词；先行词为house，指地点，故用关系副词where。答案C10(2013重庆，24)John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of _ are family members.A them Bthat Cwhich Dwhom解析考查定语从句。先行词为40 people，定语从句中缺少主语，故使用whom。介词之后不能用that，应予以排
8、除；which指先行词为物；them为人称代词，应用于并列句中。答案D自查自纠表题号12345678910得分考点正误思考我的盲点：我将_。【典例1】 That evening，_ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.(2012全国，8)Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen解析句意：稍后我会告诉你更多关于那晚的事，结果是那晚我工作到很晚。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为that evening，将先行词代入定语从句后为：I will tell you more about that eveni
9、ng later.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，且表示“物”，故用which引导。本题易误选D项，考生只看到先行词为表示时间的名词，但没有注意先行词在定语从句中的功能。答案B【典例2】 It is the third time that she has won the race，_ has surprised us all.(2012陕西，14)Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhat解析句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这令我们所有人都感到惊讶。本题考查非限制性定语从句。逗号前面的整个句子为先行词，关系词在定语从句中充当主语，故选择C项。答案C【典例3】 The hous
10、e I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.(2009江西，26)Ain it Bin Cin that Din which解析句意：那所我在里面长大的房子已经被拆掉，取而代之的是一座办公大楼。此题考查定语从句。从句中的谓语动词为不及物动词短语，省去的关系代词that/which在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，in the house在定语从句中作地点状语。答案B1As a child，Jack studied in a village school，_ is named after his grand
11、father.(2010新课标全国，24)Awhich Bwhere Cwhat Dthat解析句意：小时候，杰克在一所乡村学校读书，那所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是a village school，代入定语从句后为：The village school is named after his grandfather.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，且该从句为非限制性定语从句，故用which引导。答案A2After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，_ turned ou
12、t to be a wise decision.(2010四川，10)Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere解析句意：大学毕业之后，我花费了一段时间去旅游，结果证明这是一个明智的决定。本题考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知第二个逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，排除A项；定语从句缺主语，排除C、D两项；先行词是空格前的内容，所以B为正确答案。答案B3Theyve won their last three matches，_ I find a bit surprising actually.Athat Bwhen Cwhat Dwhich解析句意：他们已经赢得了最后三场比赛，我发现这
13、确实有点令人惊讶。考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是前面整个句子，which引导非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中作find的宾语。答案D口诀一则that，which代表物，区别且听我来述；先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；先行词前有两数，就用that定无误；先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；句中若有there be，that应把which替；先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里。【典例4】 I wish to thank Professor Smith，without _ help I would never have got this far.(2012天津)Awho Bwhose Cwho
14、m Dwhich解析考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我想感谢Smith教授，没有他的帮助我不会取得这样的成绩。从句中的help是名词，与Professor Smith是所属关系，故用whose。答案B【典例5】 The old temple _ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.(2010陕西)Awhere Bwhich Cits Dwhose解析考查定语从句。先行词The old temple和定语从句中的主语roof是所属关系，所以要用关系代词作定语。关系代词作定语时可用“whosen.”，“then.of which”或“of w
15、hichthen.”三种结构，此题中采用的是第一种结构。若用另外两种结构，应该是the roof of which或of which the roof。答案D4(2011新课标全国)The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat解析考查定语从句。先行词the writer与定语从句的主语story之间为所属关系，因此用关系代词whose引导定语从句。答案C5(2010山东)Thats the new machine _ parts are too small
16、 to be seen.Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat解析考查定语从句的关系词。代替指物的先行词the new machine，且在从句中作定语，所以用whose。句意：那是台新机器，它的零件小得都看不到。答案C1whose引导的定语从句whose在定语从句中作定语，后面要接名词，其含义是“(先行词)的”。whose既可以指人也可以指物。(1)表示物时相当于“the名词ofwhich”或“ofwhichthe名词”。(2)表示人时相当于“the名词ofwhom”或“ofwhomthe名词”。2whose引导的定语从句与并列句的区别whose引导的定语从句易与含有物主代词it
17、s，their的并列句混淆。如：China has the 3rd longest river in the world，whose name is the Yangze River.(定语从句)China has the 3rd longest river in the world，and its name is the Yangze River.(并列句)【典例6】 Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.(2012重庆)Awhich Bthat Cw
18、hen Dwhere解析where引导定语从句并在从句中作状语，相当于in which，即in the position。答案D【典例7】 Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，_ it will keep for two or three weeks.(2011安徽)Awhen Bwhich Cwhere Dwhile解析考查定语从句。句意：无论剩下什么东西，都可以放入冰箱中，在那儿可以保存两三个星期。“where it will keep for two or three weeks”是定语从句，关系副词where在从
19、句中作地点状语。答案C6(2013福建，24)Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.Athat Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere解析where相当于in which(in the situation)。句意：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们是有益的。答案D7(2013北京，26)What do you think of teaching，Bob?I find it fun and challenging.It is a job _ you
20、are doing something serious but interesting.Awhere Bwhich Cwhen Dthat解析考查关系代词的选用。where引导定语从句修饰job，where相当于in which(in the job)。句意：我认为它有趣并且充满挑战。它是一项严肃而有趣的工作。答案A不是地点胜似“地点”“模糊化的地点”要用关系副词where高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“模糊化的地点”。事实上，对于where这个词不能只理解为表地点。当先行词是表示某物的situation/case，到了何种地步(point)，或某事物所发
21、展的阶段stage，或表达某事的某个方面(scene)时，都可用where。They have reached the_point_where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers where consumer complains have resulted in changes in the law.(wherein the cases)消费者的抱怨导致法律的改变的案例将在本章稍后向读者介绍。这些不是地点胜似“地
22、点”的名词的归属问题即当不当“地点”看是解答这类定语从句的关键。【典例8】 The air quality in the city，_ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.(2012福建，23)Athat Bit Cas Dwhat解析句意：正如报告中所表明的，城市空气质量在过去两个月里已经得到改善。考查由as引导的非限制性定语从句。分析题干可知，is shown in the report是非限制性定语从句，因为代词that，it和what不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以排除A、B和D项，答案为C项。答案C【
23、典例9】 A lot of language learning，_ has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.(2012安徽，29)Aas Bit Cwhich Dthis解析句意：正如人们所发现的那样，许多语言学习是在生命的第一年进行的，所以在那个时期父母应该多跟孩子说话。考查非限制性定语从句中关系代词的选用。根据句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词为一个句子(即A lo
24、t of language learning is happening.)，先行词在定语从句中作主语。当定语从句为被动语态时，常用as作主语来引导定语从句；如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。故答案为A项，as意为：正如。答案A8The number of the audience，_ we had expected，was well over one thousand.Awhom Bwho Cwhich Das解析句意：正如我们所预料的，观众的数量远远超过了1,000人。考查非限制性定语从句。as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别在于：as有“正如”、“好像”的意思，
25、在句中的位置比较灵活，可以放在句中、句首或句末；which只能放在主句之后，且没有“正如”、“好像”的意思。根据题意答案为D。答案D9The man showed us such a heavy stone _ no one could lift it.Athat Bas Cwhich Dand解析句意：那人给我们展示了一块没人能搬起来的大石头。as引导的定语从句中，as要么作主语，要么作宾语，而该句中lift后有宾语it，所以不能选择as，该题属于such.that状语从句，that只作连词，不作成分。答案Aas引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式(1)其中关系代词as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表
26、语。如：We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们预料的那样的低价出售。(as作宾语)He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)注意：such.as.引导的定语从句与such.that.引导的状语从句的区别：第一个句子中as引导的是定语从句，因为从句中缺成分；而第二个句子中that
27、引导的是状语从句，从句中不缺任何成分。(2).such as.such为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中作成分，修饰先行词such。如：This book is not such as I expect.这不是我想要的书。(as作宾语)【典例10】 Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.(2012湖南)Awhat Bin what Cwhich Din which解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知“_ even the small detai
28、ls of life should be considered”是定语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用in which。答案D【典例11】 Julie was good at German，French and Russian，all of _ she spoke fluently.(2011湖南)Awho Bwhom Cwhich Dthat解析考查定语从句。先行词为物，且关系代词用在介词后面，故应用which。句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她说得都很流利。答案C【典例12】 She showed the visitors around the museum，the con
29、struction _ had taken more than three years.(2011江西)Afor which Bwith which Cof which Dto which解析句意：她带着游客参观了这个博物馆花了三年多才建成的建筑。the construction of(的建筑)，which指代the museum。答案C10(2010上海)Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.Aon which Bby which Cto which Dfrom which解析
30、考查“介词which”引导的定语从句。表示“重新回到上”要用return to。which替代的是先行词“an ancient source of energy”。句意：风能是一种古老的能源，在不久的将来我们可能要重新利用这种能源。答案C11(2009陕西)Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.Aof which Bwith whichCabout which Dinto which解析先行词为subject，将先行词还原到定语从句中：Americans have argued about the su
31、bject for a long time。由此可以看出被还原部分为about the subject，这样可以确定所选的介词为about。答案C12Portia，for _ physics had once been very hard，turned out to be a physicist.Awhom Bwhose Cthat Dwhich解析for whom(对她来说)引导一个非限定性定语从句，补充说明主语Portia。在介词后面只能用which或whom，不能用that。题干中如果没有for，则应该选whose。答案A如何选择“介词关系代词”中的介词在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中
32、，介词的选择是关键，也是考生深感头痛之处。介词的选择可依据以下原则：(1)根据该介词和先行词的固定搭配来确定。I admire my English teacher very much from whom I learn a lot.(learn from sb为固定搭配)(2)根据定语从句中的动词习惯搭配来确定。There are some people to whom you can turn.(turn to sb为固定搭配)(3)根据从句中的形容词搭配来确定。He introduced me some reference books with which I am not very f
33、amiliar.(be familiar with为固定搭配)(4)表示“所属关系”或“整体中的部分”时用介词of。She has seen many films，of which Kung Fu Panda is her favorite.(5)有一些动词短语不能拆开，如pay attention to，look after，take care of等。【典例13】 After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，_ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to surviv
34、e.(2012江苏，22)Awhich Bwho Cwhere Dwhat解析句意：洪灾过后，那个地区的人们正在受苦。为了生存，他们急需干净的水、药品和住所。将先行词people代入定语从句后为：people urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive，可知先行词在从句中作主语，所以排除C项；what不能引导定语从句，故排除D项；因为先行词为“人”，所以排除A项。故答案为B项。答案B【典例14】 Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature，_，for some reason，h
35、ad withdrawn from all human society.(2012浙江，17)Awhich Bwho Cwhere Dwhom解析句意：埃伦是一个专画鸟类和大自然的画家。因为某种原因，她远离了人类社会。此题考查非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Ellen。因为关系词指人并且在从句中作主语，所以只能用who。答案B【典例15】 The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.(2011天津，10)Awhen Bthat Cwhere Dwhich解析句意：体力是谋 生的唯一所需的时代一去
36、不复返了。先行词为the days，将其代入定语从句后为：During_the_days physical strength was all.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。本题先行词与定语从句隔开，构成了“分割性定语从句”，增加了试题难度。答案A13(2010北京，27)Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.Awhat Bwhose Cwhich Dthat解析句意：不是很活跃，或者饮食中脂肪含量太高的孩子会很快长胖。先行词为children，or连接
37、两个并列的定语从句，第一个定语从句的引导词为who，第二个引导词为考查点，先行词children在第二个定语从句中与diet形成所属关系：childrens diet，故选择B项。答案B14(2009江苏，23)Because of the financial crisis，days are gone _ local 5star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.Aif Bwhen Cwhich Dsince解析句意：由于经济危机，在当地五星级酒店住一个晚上就要6,000元的日子一去不复返了。先行词是days，代入定语从句后为：Local 5sta
38、r hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night during_the_days.由此可知关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。这道题的难点在于先行词days和其定语从句local 5star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night被谓语部分隔开了。答案B15(2008山东，26)Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.Awho Bwhich Cwhy Dwhen解析句意：我很少有机会和我的孩子们一整天都待
39、在一起。先行词为occasions，代入定语从句后为：I have the time to spend a day with my kids on_the_occasions.由此可知关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词，排除A、B两项；occasion不表原因，排除C项，答案为D。答案D有时命题者为了加大试题难度，往往把定语从句融入到其他结构中考查考生的语言综合运用能力，其常用的命题手段就是定语从句与先行词被某些句子成分分隔开，使考生分不清楚句子结构，从而误选选项。四种“分隔”现象(1)定语从句对主句结构的分隔The country life he was used to has chan
40、ged greatly since 1992.(2)同位语从句和先行词的分隔Word came that our team had won.(3)定语从句和先行词的分隔He was the only person in his office who was invited to the party.(4)连词和其所连接的分句的分隔We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall，while，in fact，there were 40.1The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Pal
41、ace.Awhich Bwhere Cwhat Din which解析which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。答案A2Do you know the man _？Awhom I spoke Bto who spokeCI spoke to Dthat I spoke解析“和谁讲话”要说speak to sb。全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to，whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。答案C3This is the hotel _ last month.Awhich they stayed Bat that they stayedCwher
42、e they stayed at Dwhere they stayed解析where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。答案D4Do you know the year _ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?Awhich Bthat Cwhen Don which解析when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。答案C5That is the day _ Ill never forget.Awhich Bon which Cin which Dwhen解析which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语
43、。答案A6At the party，John made up a joke，_ people burst out laughing.Aon which Bby which Cat which Dfrom which解析“laugh at”固定搭配。答案C7Can you lend me the book _ the other day?Aabout which you talked Bwhich you talkedCabout that you talked Dthat you talked解析“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用
44、that。答案A8The pen _ he is writing is mine.Awith which Bin whichCon which Dby which解析with which是“介词关系代词”结构，常用来引导定语从句。with有“用”的意思，介词之后只能用which，不能用that，with which在定语从句中作状语，即he is writing with a pen。答案A9They arrived at a farmhouse，in front of _ sat a small boy.Awhom Bwho Cwhich Dthat解析in front of which即i
45、n front of a farmhouse。In front of which在从句中作状语。答案C10The engineer _ my father works is about 50 years old.Ato whom Bon whomCwith which Dwith whom解析with whom引导定语从句，with whom放在从句中即为：my father works with the engineer。答案D11Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the country?Awho Bwhos Cwhich Dwhose
46、解析whose引导定语从句，在从句中作主语family的定语。答案D12Is _ some German friends visited last week?Athis school Bthis the schoolCthis school one Dthis school where解析这句话可改为：This is the school that some German friends visited last week.不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，又因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。答案B13I have bought tw
47、o ballpens，_ writes well. Anone of them Bneither of themCneither of which Dnone of which解析因为是two ballpens，并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。答案C14Alice received an invitation from her boss，_ came as a surprise.Ait Bthat Cwhich Dhe解析此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which，it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接，况且选he句意不通。答案C15
48、Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dthe one解析先行词“the factory”在句中充当地点状语，即“he worked in the factory ten years ago”，所以关系词选where毋庸置疑。答案B16The weather turned out to be very good，_ was more than we could expect.Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dit解析which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That不能用于非限
49、定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。答案B17What do you think of teaching，Bob?I find it fun and challenging.It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.Awhere Bwhich Cwhen Dthat解析由于空格后面的分句不缺成分，且主句表语没有介词，不能作后一句的状语，而去掉“it is a job”后，这句意义还不完整，所以不会是强调句。排除D后，确认此句是定语从句。先行词是“a job”，带入定语从句
50、中还原后有“you are doing something serious but interesting in the job”，所以关系词应为where，相当于“in which”。答案A18Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.Athat Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere解析这里的先行词是“a situation”，带入定语从句中还原后有“they can see themselves differently in the situation”，所以关系词应为
51、where，相当于“in which”。答案D19Now there is just one point _ I wish you to make quite clear.Awhere Bwhich Cwhether Dwhen解析把从句补充完整：I wish you to make the point quite clear，可以看出引导词在从句中作make的宾语，故用关系代词，因此答案为B。答案B20Time is of no importance to great thoughts，_ are as fresh today as when they first passed through thinkers minds ages ago.Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwhere解析句意：对于伟大的思想来说，时间是无关紧要的，那些伟大的思想在今天依然和多年前它们第一次进入思想家脑海时一样鲜活。根据句意并分析句子成分可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，且从句缺少主语，所以选which。答案C
