1、 2014高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题（9）及答案 阅读理解- Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how theyll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, Im more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an Afri
2、can-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the worlds attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The
3、prevailing theory seems to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who cant keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still cant escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define th
4、e way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It wont be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth featu
5、res on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. M
6、any African-American blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White Housemainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyonean impossible task. But for many African-American women
7、like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image thats been around for far too long.【文章大意】本文大意为：随着奥巴马将要成为美国新一届总统，Michelle 即将成为第一夫人。作为一个黑人妇女Michelle或许会改变人们对传统黑人女性的看法。36. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) Sh
8、e serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.【答案】C【 解析】Michelle 即将成为美国第一夫人，成为人们聚焦的中心，她将会改变人
9、们对黑人女性的看法，代表着黑人女性的新形象。37. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare.【答案】B【 解析】根据文章第二段The prevailing theory s
10、eems to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who cant keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still cant escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers内容可知答案为B。38. What do many African-Americans write abou
11、t in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.【答案】D【 解析】根据文章最后一段Many African-Americ
12、an blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White House可知答案为D。39. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldnt disappoint the African-American community.C) However hard she tries, she
13、 cant expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American womens concerns.【答案】C【 解析】根据文章中Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady.可知，Michelle成为了第一夫人，她会有很多的支持者，也会受到很多的批评。所以她不可能取悦每个人。40. What do many
14、African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women. B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.【答案】A【 解析】根据文章倒数第二段Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth f
15、eatures on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.作者希望Michelle能改变人们对黑人女性的看法。较难题目特训：节能环保类-2SCS Global Services （SCS） has evaluated a new methodology for measuring the carb
16、on sequestration（封存） ability of soil under the Verified（验证） Carbon Standard （VCS）, a leading greenhouse gas （GHG） accounting system. The methodology, developed by The Earth Partners, will allow land managers who sequester GHGs in grasslands and farmlands to produce carbon credits for sale in the vol
17、untary market.Managers of grasslands and farmlands can increase carbon sequestration in soil by practices such as changing grazing（放牧） practices and operating treatments designed to improve the variety and productivity of plant groups. The Earth Partners is presently piloting this methodology with f
18、armers across seven million acres of the Palouse River and Columbia Plateau regions in the Pacific Northwest.“The VCS program has achieved an important milestone in now combining grassland and rangeland carbon offset（抵消，补偿） projects, said Dr. Robert J. Hrubes, Executive Vice President of SCS.SCS loo
19、ks forward to approving and verifying agricultural carbon offset projects that use this very powerful new methodology.The VM0021 Soil Carbon Quantification Methodology is based on decades of soil carbon research and testing conducted by top soil scientists. The methodology was developed by The Earth
20、 Partners and verified by Environmental Services, Inc. as well as SCS Global Services. It is the first soil carbon methodology to be approved for use under the VCS.This widely tested methodology is the first to specially deal with soils in a market, said Steven I. Apfelbaum, Chairman of Applied Ecol
21、ogical Services, Inc. and Director of Science with The Earth Partners. According to Apfelbaum, soils represent the second largest living sink of carbon on the planet.68. The new methodology is assessed according to.A. The Earth PartnersB. the Verified Carbon StandardC. Environmental Services, Inc.D.
22、 Applied Ecological Services, Inc.69. Carbon sequestration in soil can be strengthened by.A. selling carbon credits in the voluntary marketB. changing grazing practices and operating treatmentsC. reducing the variety and productivity of plant groupsD. decreasing farmlands in the Pacific Northwest70.
23、 Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The VCS program proves to be successful in carbon offset projects.B. Many soil Carbon Methodologies have already been approved for use.C. The new methodology has been tested in many fields including soil.D. Soils seem to be the largest livi
24、ng sink of carbon on the planet.71. What is the attitude of SCS towards the new methodology?A. Opposed.B. Cautious.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.【参考答案】2. 68-71 BBAD 较难题目特训：节能环保类-3Rainforest is home to around two-thirds of all plant and animal species found on landin addition to millions of people who dep
25、end on them for survivalour remaining ancient forests are some of the most diverse ecosystems known to science. They are also vitally important to the health of our planet, especially when it comes to regulating the climate. But ancient forests around the world are under attack. Protecting rainfores
26、ts is on the global agenda (议事日程) in a big way. Governments now recognize the importance of protecting tropical forests in order to avoid dangerous climate change, and there is now much debate. As governments try to thrash out the details of a new international agreement, expected to be signed at th
27、e end of 2009, they are discussing how best to include measures to save rainforests, and therefore address one of the major causes of climate change. Worldwide, forest destruction causes more greenhouse gas emissions (排放) each year than do all the trains, planes and cars on the planet. So if we are
28、to deal with global warming, there is an urgent need to find ways to reduce the 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions caused by forest destruction each year, and to keep the remaining forests standing. We need to protect the planets remaining forests not only to stop climate change from getting wor
29、se, but to ensure that we can stand the impacts of global warming. Healthy forests absorb and store quantities of carbon, helping to regulate temperature and generate rain. When they are destroyed, this carbon is released into the atmosphere. Thus keeping forests standing is both a critical part of
30、regulating climate change and of adapting to a warmer world. To date, most of the talk has focused on how to pay for reducing deforestation (滥伐森林), rather than on how to actually go about doing it. We believe governments need to support local people to protect their environment, as we have been show
31、ing for 20 years can be a very effective way of saving rainforests. 1. The best title for the passage is. A. Rainforest and Climate ChangeB. Strategies on Protecting RainforestC. Serious Deforestation to RainforestD. Present Situation of Rainforest2. From the first paragraph we can infer that. A. we
32、 have little rainforest left until nowB. the ancient forests are being destroyed来C. rainforest control the planet in many waysD. Rainforest is home to all plants and animals on earth3. The underlined part “thrash out” in the second paragraph means. A. try to understandB. come up withC. hide awayD. h
33、ave a thorough discussion4. Greenhouse gas emissions caused by forest destruction. A. are the same amount by transport on earthB. take 20% of global greenhouse gas emissionsC. can be avoided by setting measures onlyD. have nothing to do with climate change5. From the text we can learn that healthy f
34、orest. A. can keep us healthy and happyB. can increase the effect from global warmingC. can be helpful in adjusting the temperature D. can give out large amounts of carbon【参考答案】3. ABDBC 阅读理解-When next years crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, theyll be join
35、ed by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, wholl become Oxfords vice-chancellora position equivalent to university president in America.Hamilton isnt the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hi
36、res from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, its gone global. Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools dont tend to
37、 seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the universitys budget. “We didnt do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the boards chair.
38、The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-ra
39、ising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing
40、necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publ
41、icly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yales financial position.”Of course, fund-raising isnt the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote
42、international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.【文章大意】本文大意为：很多大学过去政府支持办学，但随着社会的发展，现在政府支持已经满足不了大学的发展，更多的是靠社会筹募资金办学，因而很多大学开始在全球寻找具有这种能力的人。41. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?A) Institutio
43、ns worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.C) American universities are enrolling more international students.D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.【答案】A【 解析】根据文章大意可知，现在世界上很多大学都从美国雇佣管理者，以适应
44、现在大学发展的需要。42. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?A) The political correctness. B) Their ability to raise funds.C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience.【答案】B【 解析】由文章第三段Fund-raising is a distinctively American thi
45、ng, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.可知答案为B。43. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.B) Their operation is under strict government
46、 supervision.C) They are strengthening their position by globalization.D) Most of their revenues come from the government.【答案】D【 解析】根据文中Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding.可知答案为D。44. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancel
47、lor chiefly because _.A) she was known to be good at raising moneyB) she could help strengthen its ties with YaleC) she knew how to attract students overseasD) she had boosted Yales academic status【答案】A【 解析】根据文中倒数第二段when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as
48、its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yales financial position.”可知答案选A。45. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?A) They can enhance the universitys image.B) They will bring with them more international faculty.C) They will view a lot of things from a new perspective.D) They can set up new academic disciplines.【答案】C【 解析】根据文中最后一句Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.可知选C。