1、选修8话题素材好词1adventure n. 冒险，奇遇2adventurous adj. 有冒险精神的3attractive adj. 吸引人的4continent n. 大陆5penguin n. 企鹅6the South Pole 南极7be covered with/by 被覆盖8in the wild 在野外9freezing cold 极冷的10be surrounded by 被所围绕11scientific investigation 科学考察12green house effect 温室效应13global warming 全球变暖14a world of ice and s
2、now 一片冰天雪地15be unfavourable to human survival 不利于人类生存佳句1Antarctica is_covered_with solid thick ice and deep snow.南极被厚厚的冰雪覆盖。2Are there any animals in the polar circles?南极圈和北极圈内有动物存在吗？3Antarctic is the_earths_coldest landmass.南极洲是地球上最冷的大陆。精美语篇Welcome to the Bottom of the World南极大陆世界最后的净土Antarctica is
3、 the highest, driest, and coldest place on Earth. It is also the remotest, which accounts for its unspoiled environment. It is difficult for people to get there, and not a comfortable place for people to stay once they arrive. It is widely described as the last true wilderness on our planet.Though n
4、o human population isnative to Antarctica, about 1,000 people work there in the summer months, and another 12,000 tourists visit it every year. They come to enjoy the unspoiled environment, the bright blue skies, and the fresh white snow fields.Yet, Antarcticas fragile and complicated ecosystem is t
5、hreatened by its human visitors. Damage to the environment occurs as people come looking for resources beneath the ice, or carelessly leave their garbage behind. Currently, countries are working to ensure that the damage to Antarcticas environment is minimized, and that the last wilderness on Earth
6、will remain an unspoiled place. 高频单词1balance (n.& v) (使)平衡balanced (adj.) 平衡的2trap (v.) 储存，留存trapped (过去式)trapped (过去分词)3privilege (n.) 荣幸，特权4extreme (adj.) 极端的，极度的extremely (adv.) 极其5voyage (n.) (乘船的)旅行，航行6severe (adj.) 艰难的，艰巨的severely (adv.) 严重地7state (n.) 状态；状况 (v.) 陈述，声明statement (n.) 陈述，声明state
7、sman (n.) 政治家8promote (v.) 促进，增进promotion (n.) 晋升；晋级promotive (adj.) 增进的；提升的9discourage (v.) 阻止；打消的念头encourage (反义词)(v.) 鼓励courage (n.) 勇气discouraged (adj.) 感到泄气的discouraging (adj.) 令人泄气的10depth (n.) 深度deep (adj.) 深的deeply/deep (adv.) 深深地shallow (反义词)(adj.) 浅的11abnormal (adj.) 不正常的，反常的normal (反义词) (
8、adj.) 正常的12absence (n.) 缺乏；没有absent (adj.) 缺席的，不在场的present (反义词) (adj.) 在场的，出席的presence (n.) 出席13depressing (adj.) 令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的depressed (adj.) 忧伤的，沮丧的depress (v.) 使沮丧depression (n.) 沮丧，(意志)消沉14reliability (n.) 可靠性rely (v.) 依靠，依赖reliable (adj.) 可靠的；可信赖的15inspiration (n.) 鼓舞；启示；灵感inspire (v.) 鼓舞，鼓励ins
9、piring (adj.) 令人鼓舞的inspired (adj.) 受鼓舞的；有灵感的 重点短语1set_foot_on进入，到达2stand_out突出3in_the_form_of以的形式4in_case_of如果；假使5adapt_to(使)适应6as_a_result结果；因此7keep_ones_promise信守诺言8come_up_with想出9take_a_risk冒险10in_particular特别，尤其 热点句型1the序数词(n.)to do.“是第做什么的”France was one of the_first_countries_to_sign the Antar
10、ctic Treaty.(教材P2)法国是第一批签南极洲公约的国家中的一个。2It is adj. to do “it”是形式主语，to do是真正的主语It_is_difficult_to_imagine a more inhospitable place.(教材P2)想象一个更荒凉的地方是很难的。3onlyn.不用倒装句Only_two_types_of_flowering_plants are found.(教材P2)只有两种开花植物被发现。4not until 置于句首，主句采用倒装Not_until the late 18th century did the British expl
11、orer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.(教材P3)直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却始终未发现任何陆地。5It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. “做花费某人多长时间”It_took_Shackleton_17_days_to_reach_South_Georgia.(教材P7)到达南佐治亚洲花费了沙克尔顿17天的时间。 教材复现在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1Its _ extremely dangerous
12、place.答案：an2France was one of the first countries _ (sign) the Antarctic Treaty.答案：to sign3Antarctica holds 90% of the worlds ice, and most of _ fresh water (70%) is in a _ (freeze) state, of course.答案：its; frozen4Gases and minerals can tell us a lot about _ the worlds climate was like in the past a
13、ges.答案：what5Since most Antarctic rocks are dark in colour, they stand out _ the white background and are easy to identify and collect.答案：against6Today countries _ (represent) 80% of the worlds population have signed the treaty.答案：representing7When Europeans discovered the continent of America in the
14、 15th century, the great age of _ (explore) began.答案：exploration8We discourage you from _ (smoke) except in specific areas.答案：smoking9Its _ privilege, not a right _ (come) to this extraordinary place.答案：a; to come10Its _ (possible) the calmest place on Earth.答案：possibly1staten. 状态；状况；国家；政府；州v. 陈述；声明
15、Antarctica holds 90% of the worlds ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course.(P2)南极洲拥有世界90%的冰，当然其大部分淡水(70%)都处于一种冰冻状态。(1)in a.statein a state of. 处于的状态a good state of health/mind良好的健康状况/心态(2)statement n. 声明；陈述issue/make a statement 发表声明(3)It is stated that. 据称state ones v
16、iews 陈述自己的见解牛津双解He was in_a_state_of permanent depression.他一直处于消沉状态。外研The witness stated that he had not seen the woman before.证人说他以前并未见过那个女人。2015课标全国卷We will have a report on the_present_state of play.关于活动的现状我们会有报道。2013陕西高考The governor of a_state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a c
17、orresponding (相应的) economic class.一个州的州长有很大的权力，但他或她可能不属于相应的经济阶层。2balancevt. 使平衡；权衡n. 平衡；平稳；秤，天平；余额But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north.(P3)但是在二千多年以前，希腊地理学家认为在(地球)南端有一大块陆地与北方陆地保持平衡。(1)balance
18、.against.将与权衡balance.with/and.使与平衡(2)keep/lose ones balance(使某人)保持/失去平衡break the balance打破平衡in the balance未定的，不确定的on balance全面考虑之后，总的来说keep a balance between A and B保持与之间的平衡off balance没站稳的；失去平衡的bank balance银行余额(3)balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的a balanced diet均衡的饮食牛津双解She tries tobalance home life and career.她力
19、图兼顾家庭生活和事业。外研Nature is perfectly balanced.大自然是非常平衡的。2015湖北高考When he was running after his brother, the boy lost_his_balance and had a bad fall.男孩在追赶他哥哥时失去了平衡，狠狠地摔了一跤。2014天津高考It was then that I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work.直到那时我才开始欣赏她在平衡家庭和工作时所作
20、出的艰难的抉择。2013北京高考Over the past twocenturies, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance_between the city and the country.在过去的两个世纪，工业革命已打破了城市与乡村之间的平衡。3discouragev. 阻止；打消的念头We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas.(P11)除了在一些特殊的区域，我们劝你不要抽烟。(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.劝某人不要做某事；
21、使某人失去做某事的信心discourage sth./doing sth. 防止/劝阻(做)discouraged adj. 沮丧的，灰心丧气的be discouraged at/by 对感到气馁discouraging adj. 令人泄气的，令人沮丧的(2)discouragement n灰心丧气；挫折；阻止(3)courage n. 勇气have the courage to_do sth. 有勇气做某事(4)encourage vt. 鼓励encourage sb. to_do sth. 鼓励某人做某事encouragement n. 鼓励外研The results were disco
22、uraging.结果让人泄气。2015福建高考The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasnt_discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.这次失败对他来说是一次很大的打击，但他并没有泄气，很快就变得和以往一样有热情了。2014课标全国卷Dont let a busyschedule discourage you from making some great changes in the wayyou eat and live!不要让忙碌的日程表阻碍你在饮食和生活方式上做大的改变。2013湖南高
23、考Dont let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.别为任何失败泄气，因为你永远不知道你离胜利有多近。过关演练在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式12015福建高考Spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get _ (discourage) easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.答案：discouraged22015四川高
24、考More expressways will be built in Sichuan soon _ (promote) the local economy.答案：to promote32015广东高考After entering the business world, the author foundhis fathers fishing advice _ (inspiration)答案：inspiring42014重庆高考The key is to develop a _ (balance) and varied programme thats fun as well as progress
25、ive.答案：balanced52014福建高考Music like Mozarts andBachsshouldnt be _ (absence)答案：absent62014辽宁高考Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a onetime thing or _ emergency?答案：an7When land came into sight, the Endurance became _ (trap) in the ice and began to break up.答案：trapped8They thought his behaviour was
26、 _ (normal), for he didnt behave as usual.答案：abnormal9Looking for a job these days can be very _ (depress)答案：depressing10I saw the letter _ (pure) by chance.答案：purely1in case of 如果；假使；万一Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency.(P11)在紧急情况下可以得到医疗救助。牛津双解You probably wont need to callbut
27、take my number, just in_case.你很可能无需打电话，不过还是记下我的电话号码吧，以防万一。外研In_any_case,_Im going to try.不管怎样我要试试。In_this_case,_several solutions could be tried.遇到这种情况，可以尝试几种解决办法。2015福建高考It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in_case we got worried.Michael通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。2014江西高考The travelle
28、r may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in_case he is attacked.旅行者可以射击野兽来保护自己以防被野兽袭击。2013陕西高考As is often the_case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.医生到来时，Amy好多了，孩子们经常是这样。过关演练选词填空in case of； set foot on； adapt to； stand out； a state of； keep ones promise； in particular
29、； set up1The overseas are very glad to _ their homeland.答案：set foot on2_ fire, ring the alarm bell.答案：In case of32015课标全国卷改编The best part_ to my taste, was a 7 am. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market.答案：in particular4She _ to visit her aunt regularly.答案：kept his promise52014福建高考It was the cultu
30、re, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to _ the newenvironment abroad.答案：adapt to62013安徽高考Aristotle once wrote that “happiness is _ activity.”答案：a state of72015湖北高考As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters _ above the rest.答案：stand out8They _ ma
31、ny branches throughout the country.答案：set up1Antarctica was the_last continent to_be_discovered.(P3)南极洲是最后一个被发现的大陆。sb./sth. be the first/second/last.to do.“第几个做的”，用动词不定式作后置定语。序数词/最高级或由序数词/最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作后置定语。特别提醒本句型中，可用不定式的主动形式、完成形式或被动语态作后置定语。2015福建质检Li Na, the first to_achieve a ranking of world No.
32、2 in Asia, retired from tennis in September.亚洲第一个获得世界排名第二的网球选手李娜在九月份退役了。2015甘肃诊断His first book to_be_punished next month is based on a true story.他下个月要出版的第一本书是根据一个真实的故事写的。He was the best man to_do the job.他是做这份工作的最佳人选。过关演练完成句子1She was _ woman _ the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在奥运会上赢得金牌的女性。答
33、案：the first; to win2You are the only person _.你是唯一迟到的人。答案：to be late3Is this the best way _ the problem?这是解决问题最好的办法吗？答案：to solveGrammarReview of subjects主语主语是句子要说明的人或物，也是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。一般放在句首。主语可用词、短语或句子表示。用法例句名词作主语Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency.代词作主语It happened so quickly an
34、d everyone was in a state of shock.数词作主语Ten will be enough.动词不定式作主语It took Shackleton 17 days to reach South Georgia.动词ing形式(短语)作主语Smoking is harmful to health.从句作主语What you have to do is (to) study hard. It doesnt matter whether he will come or not.特别提示1.当动词不定式和动词ing形式作主语时，句子的主语和表语要一致。即当表语是动词ing形式时
35、，主语也用动词ing；当表语是不定式时，主语也用不定式。To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。2有些形容词与the连用表示“一类人”也可作主语。The rich are not always happy.有钱人未必总是快乐。3当动词不定式短语、动词ing或从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，位于句首，真正的主语(不定式短语、动词ing或从句)放在句子后面。It is said that he has gone abroad.据说他已经出国了。It is obvious that the answer to this question is w
36、rong.It is a pity that you cant come to the party.Itoccurred to me that I would have two lessons.It is no use quarrelling with him.It is good manners to respect others.过关演练在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式12015安徽高考_(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistake
37、s you make.答案：To ignore/Ignoring22015浙江高考_ (listen) to music at home is one thing, going to hear it being performed live is quite another.答案：Listening32014陕西高考_ is quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim?答案：It42014北京高考_is so nice to hear from her again.答案：It52014安徽高考_we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly working.答案：What