1、怎么考 在语篇语境中考查非谓语动词的基本用法，侧重作定语、状语、补足语的用法。怎么学 在平时阅读、写作练习中，认真体会其基本用法，尝试运用。怎么解 1.分析句子结构，确定设空处在句子中充当的成分(如状语、定语等)；2.搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。.体验考向 1.(2015湖南卷，30)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled inan apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，_whether to stay or leave.A.wonderingB.wonderC.towon
2、derD.wondered 答案 A 考查非谓语动词。句意：那名店员看到一张友善的脸，脸上因歉意的微笑布满了皱纹，这时她愣在了那里，琢磨着是走还是留。句子的主语是she与wonder之间是主动关系，且wonder与主句谓语stood是同时发生的，故用现在分词作伴随状语。2.(2015北京卷，21)_ the early flight,we ordered ataxi in advance and got up very early.A.CatchingB.Caught C.To catchD.Catch 答案 C 考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起了
3、床。这里逻辑主语是we，用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。3.(2015重庆卷，6)_ in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.A.Being raisedB.Raising C.RaisedD.To raise 答案 C 考查非谓语动词。句意：生长在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区，他成为一名足球明星的道路漫长而艰难。raise与句子的主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此排除B、D两项；A项是现在分词的被动式，表示正在发生，故排除A项。4.(2015重庆卷
4、，11)Like ancient sailors，birds can find theirway _ the sun and the stars.A.usedB.having used C.usingD.use 答案 C 考查非谓语动词。句意：就像古时候的水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境，use与其句中隐含的逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系，故用v.-ing形式的一般式，在句中作伴随状语，表示与find同时发生。5.(2015浙江卷，18)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _ live is qu
5、ite another.A.performB.performing C.to performD.being performed 答案 D 考查非谓语动词。句意：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐，故应用being performed作宾语补足语。6.(2014重庆卷，5)The producer comes regularly to collectthe cameras_to our shop for quality problem
6、s.A.returningB.returned C.to returnD.to be returned 答案 B 考查非谓语动词。句意：生产者定期来取因质量问题而返还到我们商店的相机。动词return与名词cameras构成逻辑上的被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语，相当于定语从句which are returned.。7.(2014重庆卷，11)Group activities will be organized afterclass_children develop team spirit.A.helpingB.having helped C.helpedD.to help 答案 D 考查
7、非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助孩子培养团队精神，课后将组织小组活动。根据句意可知，不定式短语to help children develop team spirit在句中作目的状语，表示组织小组活动的目的。8.(2014 福建卷，27)_the past year as an exchangestudent in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than thoseof her age.A.SpendingB.Spent C.Having spentD.To spend 答案 C 考查非谓语动词。句意：琳达作为一名交换生已经在香港度过了一年，现在看起来比那些
8、同龄人更成熟。spend这个动作发生在appear之前，Linda和spend之间又是主谓关系，故用现在分词的完成式。9.(2014 湖南卷，23)_your own needs and styles ofcommunication is as important as learning to convey youraffection and emotions.A.UnderstandingB.To be understood C.Being understoodD.Having understood 答案 A 考查非谓语动词。句意：了解你自己交流的需求和方式与学会表达你的喜爱和情感一样重要。
9、分析句子结构，设空处为句子的主语部分，且题干所述表泛指意义的行为，故应用v.-ing形式的一般式作主语。10.(2014湖南卷，27)There is no greater pleasure than lying onmy back in the middle of the grassland，_at the nightsky.A.to stareB.staring C.staredD.having stared 答案 B 考查非谓语动词。句意：没有什么比躺在草坪中央凝视夜空更惬意的事了。根据语境，stare与其句中隐含的逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，故用v.-ing形式的一般式，在句中作伴随状语
10、，表示与lying同时发生。11.(2014 湖 南 卷，30)_whatyouredoingtodayimportant，because youre trading a day of your life for it.A.MakeB.To make C.MakingD.Made 答案 A 考查祈使句中动词的形式。句意：使你今日之为变得重要，因为你为它付出了你生命中的一天。分析句子结构及语境可知，题干为祈使句且主句中使用了“make宾语宾语补足语”复合结构，故应用动词原形。12.(2014 湖南卷，35)_ourselves from the physicaland mental tensio
11、ns，we each need deep thought and innerquietness.A.Having freedB.Freed C.To freeD.Freeing 答案 C 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了舒缓身体和心理的紧张，我们每一个人都需要深思和内心的安静。根据语境，设空处表目的，故应用to do不定式作目的状语。13.(2014天津卷，5)Anxiously，she took the dress out of thepackage and tried it on，only_it didnt fit.A.to findB.found C.findingD.having found
12、 答案 A 考查非谓语动词。句意：她焦急地从包裹里拿出裙子穿上，结果发现它不合身了。only to do表示出乎意料的结果。14.(2014江西卷，34)He is thought_foolishly.Now hehas no one but himself to blame for losing the job.A.to actB.to have acted C.actingD.having acted 答案 B 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们认为他以前行为愚蠢。现在丢了工作只能怨他自己了。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查sb/sth be thought to do sth 句式，并且是与现在(
13、now)进行的对比，是以前的情况，应该是发生在句子谓语动词之前。故用to have done的形式。15.(2014江苏卷，29)The lecture_，a lively question-and-answer session followed.A.being givenB.having given C.to be givenD.having been given 答案 D 考查非谓语动词。句意：报告之后是一个活跃的问答环节。报告是被做的，且发生在问答之前，故使用having been done的形式，答案为D。.语境感悟 用所给词的适当形式完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，体会非谓语动词的用法
14、。A study _1_(publish)in September suggests there is a _2_(surprise)way to get people _3_(avoid)unhealthy foods：change their memories.Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers _4_(answer)some questions on their personalities and food experiences.“One week l
15、ater，”Lotus says，“_5_(feed)the people，we told them to type their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.”Some accounts included one key additional detail._6_(tell)that they had got sick after _7_(eat)strawberry ice-cream，the researchers th
16、en changed this detail into a manufactured(人为促成的)memory through _8_(lead)questionsWho were you with？How did you feel？By the end of the study，up to 41%of those _9_(give)a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick，and many said theyd avoid _10_(eat)it.答案 1.published 过去分词做后置定语表示被动或
17、完成。2.surprising 现在分词表示主动或进行，此处表示“令人的”。3.to avoid 此处get sb to do sth为固定搭配，表示让某人做某事。4.to answer 此处动词不定式做宾语补足语。5.Having fed 分词的完成形式做状语，表示动作先于主句的动作。6.Having been told 分词完成形式的被动结构做状语。7.eating 介词后用动词的-ing形式做宾语。8.leading 同第7题解析。9.given 同第1题解析。10.eating appreciate，admit，prevent，keep，avoid，risk，resist等只接动名词做
18、宾语。.正反探究 1.【误】Having not finished his homework，he didnt want to goto bed.【正】Not having finished his homework，he didnt want togo to bed.解析 非谓语动词的否定式中，not 必须放在非谓语动词的最前面。2.【误】She was the first person thinking of the idea.【正】She was the first person to think of the idea.解析 当序数词所修饰的名词带定语时，此定语通常由不定式来充当。3.
19、【误】The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is avery important one.【正】The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting isa very important one.解析 being discussed 表示动作正在进行，而根据 attomorrows meeting可判断动作发生在将来，故用 to bediscussed 表示。4.【误】This is a waste of time persuading such a person to joinus.【
20、正】It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.解析 作形式主语，代替动词的-ing 形式，只能用it。5.【误】I could see the house having been beautifully decorated.【正】I could see the house beautifully decorated.解析 现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或补足语。6.【误】Having found the cause，the experiment continued.【正】Having found the cause，the
21、y continued the experiment.(Having foundAfter/When they had found)解析 作状语的分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中的主语一致，现在分词与其逻辑主语有主动关系，而过去分词则与其逻辑主语有被动关系。.考点确认 一、非谓语动词的各种形式 非谓语动词根据其表示动作的发生时间和表示的意义可以有不同的形式。非谓语动词 形式 不定式 一般式：to do/to be done 进行式：to be doing 完成式：to have done/to have been done 否定式：not to do v.-ing形式 一般式：doing/being
22、 done 完成式：having done/having been done 否定式：not doing v.-ed形式 否定式：not done 二、非谓语动词的句法功能 1.非谓语动词作主语 作主语的可以是不定式和动名词。非谓语动词 用法 不定式 往往表示一次性的、具体的动作 常用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置 动名词 表示一般或抽象的行为 有时也可用it作形式主语，但仅限于几个句型 It is a great honor to be invited to speak here.Playing the piano is my hobby.It is no good telling him
23、the news.注意：it作形式主语代替动名词常出现在It is no use/gooddoing.，It is useful doing.，It is a waste of time doing.等句式里。2.非谓语动词作宾语 作宾语的可以是不定式和动名词，但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语。(1)只跟不定式作宾语的动词 afford，agree，decide，determine，expect，refuse，manage，hope，want，fail，wish，ask，pretend，promise，happen，would like，set out等。I cant afford to take
24、 a holiday this summer because of the project.He determined to return home early.(2)只跟动名词作宾语的动词 advise，admit，appreciate，avoid，enjoy，delay，cant help，consider(考虑)，miss，finish，practise，imagine，suggest(建议)，escape，resist，risk，mind，feel like，insist on，setabout等。It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped
25、being killed in atraffic accident.Do you feel like going out for a walk?(3)跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可且意义差别不大的动词like，love，prefer，hate，begin，start，intend，continue等。She started playing(to play)the violin when she was four.She intended to come(coming)back soon.He continued studying(to study)as if nothing had happene
26、d.(4)跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同，但形式不同的动词作“需要”讲时，need，want，require后接v.-ing形式与不定式所表示的意义相同，但是v.-ing形式用主动式，不定式用被动式。Your T-shirt needs washing(to be washed).My bicycle wants repairing(to be repaired).(5)跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可但是意义不同的动词tryto do尽力做doing尝试做Well try to improve our studying method.You can try solving this problem
27、 in other ways.meanto do打算做doing意味着做I meant to go，but my teacher would not allow me to.Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.forget/rememberto do忘记/记得去做doing忘记/记得做过Remember to post this letter for me after school.I forgot telling her the time of the meeting.regretto do遗憾地要做doing后悔做过I regret
28、 to inform you that you didnt pass the exam.I dont regret telling her what I thought of her.go onto do继续做（另外的一件事）doing继续做（同一件事）After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.He shouldnt go on living this way.3.非谓语动词作表语 作表语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词 用法 不定式 表示某一特定行为，尤其是将来的或有待实现的行为 动名词 不
29、强调动作，只说明动作的名称，或主语的内容 现在分词 表示主语具有的特征 过去分词 表示主语的感受或所处的状态 My wish is to be a scientist.The most important thing is to put the theory into practice.What she likes is watching the children play.The reason he gave was very convincing.He is shocked at what happened to his son.4.非谓语动词作补足语 作补足语的可以是不定式、现在分词和过
30、去分词。非谓语动词 用法 不定式 表示动作的全过程或经常性、反复性 现在分词 表示一个主动、正在进行的动作 过去分词 表示一个被动或完成的动作 The mother urged the little boy to go to bed.I caught him reading my private letters.He went home happily with his homework finished.注意：大多数动词后用带to的不定式作补足语，但表示“看、听、感觉”意义的动词及使役动词have，make，let后用不带to的不定式作补足语。5.非谓语动词作定语 作定语的可以是不定式、动名
31、词、现在分词、过去分词。非谓语动词 用法 不定式 一般位于被修饰词之后，表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作，若表示已经发生的动作，名词前多用形容词、分词、序数词等修饰 动名词 一般位于被修饰词之前，说明被修饰词的用途 现在分词 表示主动、正在进行的意义 过去分词 表示被动、完成的意义 Are you going to attend the meeting to be held in the hall?There is much that can be done about the problem arisingfrom carelessness.Most of the people invited
32、to the party were famous scientists.注意：名词ability，chance，way等及有序数词修饰的名词后多用不定式作定语。作定语的不定式若是不及物动词其后需搭配适当的介词。6.非谓语动词作状语 作状语的可以是不定式、现在分词、过去分词。非谓语动词 用法 不定式 一般式表示的动作与句子主语是主动关系，且含有将来意义 可表示原因、目的、结果等 表示目的可置于句首，表示原因、结果置于句末 表示结果时一般含有出人意料之意，和前句之间往往有因果关系 现在分词 分词表示的动作与句子主语是主动关系，且含有进行意义 可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等 表示结果置于句末，其他情
33、况置于句末、句首均可 表示结果时含有“顺其自然而产生”之意，和前句之间往往有因果关系 过去分词 分词表示的动作与句子主语有被动关系，且含有完成意义 可表示时间、原因、方式、条件等，置于句首、句末均可 To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard.I was surprised to find him here.Being busy，she didnt reply to her fathers letter.Having been told the meeting was cancelled，I went home afterwork.T
34、he plane crashed，killing all the people on board.Born into a poor family，he had only two years of schooling.Encouraged by his teacher，he still has no confidence inovercoming the difficulties.注意：only/just to.表示意想不到的结果；too.to.“太而不能”；so/such.as to.“如此以至于”；enough(for sb)to“(对某人来说)足够做某事”等是几种常用不定式表示结果的结构。
35、三、非谓语动词的独立结构 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，即句子主语必须是非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者或承受者。但有时候无论非谓语动词采用哪种形式都不能使其逻辑主语与句子主语一致，此时非谓语动词需带有自己的主语，即构成“名词/代词不定式/现在分词/过去分词”形式的独立结构。1.名词/代词to do 动作没有发生，表示动作即将发生。With so much homework to do，Tom looks sad.2.名词/代词v.-ing形式 两者之间是主动关系，或表示动作正在进行。The students seating themselves，the professor began hislecture.3.名词/代词v.-ed形式 两者之间是被动关系，或表示动作已结束。Her glasses broken，she couldnt see the road clearly.
