1、专题12 定语从句定语从句关系词一、定语从句的构成This is the best film that I have seen.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词又分为关系代词与关系副词关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词：when, where, why二、关系代词作用：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语代指人：who，whom，that，whose代指物：that，which，whose 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句； B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 1. who指人,作主
2、语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) The man whom/who I nodded to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year.
3、 This recorder which he is using is made in Japan. Is this the library which you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略），且只用在限制性定语从句中。A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man that/who/whom I told you about.5. whose 在定从中作定语，表所属关系，翻译为“他的/她的
4、/它的”，用来代替 his，her，their，its. whose指人也指物指物时 = of which 指人时 = of whomThis is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq.Do you know the girl of whom the father died in Iraq. Do you
5、know the girl the father of whom died in Iraq.【例题】The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.A. that B. it C. what D. which 【答案】 Dwho ,whom, whose, which, that 口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物 后看从句里, 有无主宾语【练习】1).This is the house _ was b
6、uilt last year.2).The boy _ we saw yesterday was Johns brother.3).The car _ my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.4).That is the man _ we were looking for.5).The house _ window are broken belongs to my grandfather.6).I hate people _ talk much but do little.【答案】1.which/that 2.that/
7、whom/who/ 3.that/which/ 4.who/whom/that/ 5.whose/of which the 6.who/that注意点： 只用that 不用which 的情况当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略。还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which或who时,都只能用that当先行词被the only，t
8、he very 修饰时表示强调两个定语从句中一个已用which时，另一个用that1).We should do everything _ is good for our studies.2).The is the first place _ I want to visit.3).This is the most interesting book _ I have ever read.4).This is the only thing_ we can do.5).He built up a factory which produced things _ I had never seen bef
9、ore.6).We talked about the things and persons _ we were interested in.【答案】1.that 2.that/ 3.that/ 4.that/ 5.that/ 6.that/ 只用which不用that的情况：介词后用于非限制定语从句中which可指代前面讲到的整件事。1).This is the train by _ we went to Beijing.2).Football, _ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.3).He was late
10、for school again, _ made the teacher very angry.【答案】which which which 只用who不用that的情况：先行词是指人的不定代词anyone等或those1).Anyone comes late should be punished.2).He admired those looked beautiful.【答案】who who way后面的定语从句，引导定语从句有三种情况：in which或that或 作状语：in which或that或 作主宾表：that或 I dont like the way he spoke to ou
11、r teacher. He has given you the way _ is best to solve the problem. I want to know the way _ he told you yesterday.【答案】 in which/that/ that that/单选题1.This is the school _ we visited last year. A. that B. where C. who D. whose2.Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut_ has ever traveled in space
12、. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose 3.I cant find the book _my mother bought me. A. who B. when C. which D. where4.She is the girl invention got the first prize in the school competition .Awho Bthat Cwhich D. whose5.Do you know the man _ is standing at the door? Yes, I do. Hes a friend of_. A. when;
13、I B. who; mine C. that; me D. which; my6.Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_ his family lived ten years ago. A. when B. which C. where D. that 7.A friend is someone_ says, What! You too? I thought I was the only one!” A. who B. which C. what D. whose【答案】A C C D B C A填空题1. The house _ we live is v
14、ery big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold
15、ring _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.【答案】1. where 2. who/ that 3. which/ that 4. who/ that 5. that 6. that 7. which/ that 8. which/ that三、关系副词1.when 在从句中作时间状语，相当于介词+关系代词（which）Ill never forget the day when I joined the army.when=on which(=on the day)
16、先行词是时间时，并非都用when引导从句来修饰，试比较： Do you still remember the days _there was no electricity? Do you still remember the days _we spent together? 【答案】when which/that/ 2.where在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。相当于介词+关系代词（which）This is the house where I lived two years ago.where =in which(=in the house)先行词是地点时，并非都用where
17、 引导从句来修饰，试比较： The place _ Lucy once worked has become a museum. The place_ I visited last week is in Shang Hai. 【答案】where which/that/ 需掌握的由where引导的特殊定语从句In order to get started in this career,Im willing to accept any position(职位) _ I can show my abilities.A.when B. where C. to which D. which 【答案】 B类
18、似的先行词有：case(情况) ,situation(情形), point(程度), stage(阶段) 3.why在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是reason相当于“介词for+ 关系代词（which）Do you know the reason why she was late.why=for which(=for the reason)先行词是the reason时并非都用why Thats the reason _he was late. Thats the reason _he gave me.【答案】why which/that/ 介词+关系代词.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系
19、Thats the newspaper for which I write articles.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.注意： 介词+关系代词 中关系代词只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替.单项选择( )1. 一What do you think of the TV program calle
20、d Readers? 一Wonderful! It is the best program I have ever watched. A. when B. that C. what D. who( )2. According to a survey, people are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily. A. which B. whom C. whose D. who( )3. 一CCTV has produced a TV show-Chinese Poetry C
21、ompetition. Have you seen it? 一Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan University, is the winner. A. which B. where C. who D. whom( )4. Tu Youyou is the woman used the plants special power to save millions of lives. A. which B. who C. whose D./( )5. 一Why are you so worried
22、? 一Ive lost the watch my dad bought me on my birthday. A. what B. who C. whose D. which( )6. Id like to tell you about the table manners you should know when you visit France. A. which B. who C. what D. how( )7. Roald Dahl was a great childrens writer. His dark past helped him paint a picture Was di
23、fferent to most other writers. A. that B. who C./ D. whom( )8.Yesterday Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house he was born in. A. which B. where C. what D. it( )9. 一What kind of movies do you prefer? 一I prefer the movies me something to think about. A. which give B. that gives C. w
24、hat gives D. who gives( )10. This is a heartwarming story about a boy saved his mothers life. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom( )11. Lily loves music she can sing along with. A. which B. who C. what D. whom( )12. Sara is the girl has taught me how to use WeChat. A. whom B. which C. what D. who( )13.
25、 I hate the dogs live in the next house. They make loud noises all night. A. who B. that C. what D. whom( )14. The car my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. A. whose B. whom C. who D. which( )15. We still remember the lovely teachers have taught us for 3 years. A. who B. whose C.
26、 whom D. which( )16. The lady in the kitchen is doing the dishes is my aunt. A. where B. who C. which D. whom( )17. 一Tom usually helps others with math problems and Mr. Li often praises him for it. 一I agree. A student is always helping others is worth praise. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose( )18. 一
27、Please tell me something about Yang Liwei. 一He is a great astronaut of all the Chinese are proud A. that B. whose C. who D. whom( )19. This is the best book I have read. A. that B. whose C. which D. who( )20. Journey to the West is a book influences teenagers a .lot. It is very popular. A. who B. wh
28、en C. which D. what【答案】1-10 BDCBDAAAAB 11-20 ADBDABCDAC对比练习1. This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week.A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were2. He has two sons, _ are college students. He has two so
29、ns, and _ are college students.A. both of which B. both of whom C. both of them D. both of it【答案】 1. D B 2. B C 3. He still lives in the room _ window faces to the east. He still lives in the room, the window _ faces to the east. He still lives in the room _ is on the third floor. He still lives in
30、the room _ there is a beautiful table.A. which B. whose C. where D. of which4. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. _ who leaves the room last ought to turn off thelights. _ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. AnyoneB. Who C. Those D. Whoever【答案】 3. B D A C 4. D A
31、 C5. Ill never forget the days _ we studied together. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.A. that B. 不填 C. when D. Which E.a.b.d. 【答案】 C E6. This is the only way _ you can find. I dont like the way _ he spoke to his mother.A. that B. 不填C. in which D. A, B and C E. A and B【答案】 7. E D7. Is t
32、his museum _ they visited last month? The teacher tells us that _ cleans the blackboard is to be praised.A. that B. the oneC. which D. the one who8. It was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema. It was at eleven oclock _ theywent out of the cinema.A. whichB. that C. when D. on which【答案】9. B D10. C B
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