专题11 祈使句-小学语法精讲精练（附口诀、练习和答案）.docx

1、小学语法精讲精练 专题11 祈使句思考引入老师,我刚刚在地铁上看见一句话No smoking,这是个什么句子呀?这个句子就是我们今天要学的祈使句。其实在我们的生活中,使句随处可见,尤其是在一些公共场所。你们还见过哪些类似的句子呢?我知道,Be quiet；我说得对吗,老师?对。但除了你们说的这些,祈使句还有许多其他的类型,我们一起来看看吧!知识概览知识精讲一、祈使句的基本含义祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议或者劝告等语气的句子。祈使句的主语通常是第二人称you,但习惯上常常省略，句末用感叹号或句号。Dont talk in class!不要在课堂上讲话!(命令)Buy me an ice

2、 cream, please.请给我买个冰激凌。(请求)No fishing!禁止钓鱼!(禁止)Lets go to the park.我们去公园吧。(建议)Be careful to cross the road!过马路时要当心!(劝告)热身小练翻一翻。请你将下列句子翻译成中文。1.Keep to the right, please._2.Lets clean the classroom._答案：1.请靠右走。2.我们来打扫教室吧。二、祈使句的肯定形式根据动词类型不同，祈使句的肯定式结构可分为以下三类。1.Do型：(Please/Do +)动词原形(+其他)Help!救命!Open the

3、door.开门。Sit down, please.请坐。Please turn on the TV.请开一下电视。Do come to visit us!一定要来看我们!please放在句首是表示礼貌，意为“请”,也可放在句末，用逗号隔开。do放句首是为了加强语气，表示强调，意为“务必，一定”。2.Be型：Be+形容词/名词(+其他)Be careful!小心!Be a good student.做一个好学生。Be friendly with your classmates.与同学友好相处。3.Let型：Let sb.+动词原形(+其他)Let me have a look.让我看一看。Let

4、s go skiing outside.我们出去滑雪吧。热身小练翻一翻。请你将下列句子翻译成英文。1.告诉我你的名字。_2.咱们一起玩吧。_3.勇敢一点儿!_答案：1. Tell me your name.2.Lets play together.3.Be brave!三、祈使句的否定形式1. Dont/Never +动词原形(+其他)Dont sing here!不要在这里唱歌!Never judge a person by looks.绝不能以貌取人。2.Dont+ be+形容词/名词(+其他)Dont be nervous!不要紧张!Dont be a bad boy.别做坏孩子。3.L

5、et sb.+not +动词原形+其他/ Dont+let sb.+动词原形+其他Lets not tell him the truth!我们不要把实情告诉他!Dont let children play on the road.不要让孩子们在马路上玩儿。4.No +名词/动名词No photos!禁止拍照!No smoking!禁止吸烟!热身小练填一填。请你用no,not,dont将下列句子补充完整。1._swimming.2._open the window.3.Lets_go shopping.4. Nancy,_buy too much food.答案：1.No 2. Dont 3.n

6、ot 4.dont知识精练一、单选题( )1We are now in Yancheng Science and Technology Museum (盐城科技馆). Dont _ here. AparkBlitterCdrinkDeat( )2Dont give the monkeys and hot food again. Sorry, I _.AdidntBwontCdont( )3Its sunny outside. Lets go on an outing today! _AGood idea!BLets have a try.CWhat a pity!( )4_ be sad, l

7、ittle girl. ANotBDoCDont( )5_ talk in class! ANoBDontCNotDHave to( )6_ sleep too late. Its bad for your health. ACantBNot toCDontDDoesnt( )7_ when you cross the road. ATo careBBe carefulCTo be carefulDBe care( )8_! We cant smoke here. Sorry, I wont.ADont smokeBNot smokeCNo smokeDTo smoke( )9_ photos

8、 in the museum! Sorry.ADontBCantCNoDNot( )10_ the blackboard. Dont _ books. ALook at; lookBWatch; lookCSee; watchDLook at; read( )11Jack, _ shout in the hospital. Can you see that sign? AarentBdont beCdont( )12Peter, _ talk in the library. We should _ quiet. Adoesnt; /Bdont; /Cdont; be( )13Tim, _ a

9、few _, please. Ahas; sweetsBhave; sweet foodChave; sweets( )14Jenny, _ look out of the window. Im sorry.AdontBcantCdoesnt( )15Please dont _ those flowers. Im sorry.ApickBpickedCpicking二、用单词正确形式填空16Sam, _ (put) your toys in order.17_ (drink) too much cola, Mike. It is bad for your _ (health).18_ _ (n

10、ot shout) in the hospital. You should speak _ (quiet).19_ (not use) too much plastic. Its bad for our city.20_ (not throw) the rubbish on the floor. The sign means “No _ (litter).”21Dont _ (throw) the rubbish on the ground. It _ (make) the street very dirty.22Listen! The girl _ (sing) in the classro

11、om._ (not shout) here.23_ (not shout) at your parents. Its not polite.24Lets finish _ (they) _ (quick).25Nancy, _ (not talk) in class. You should listen carefully.26Please _ (not) play on the road.27_ (not eat) too much sweet food. Its bad for our _ (tooth).28Tom, _ (not walk) so fast.29Jim, please

12、dont _ (shout) in the library.30We _ (have) a picnic in the park next weekend. Lets _ (buy) some fruit and snacks.三、改写句子31You shouldnt go to bed late.(改为祈使句)Please _ _ to bed late.32Put some rubbish in the bin. (改为否定句)_ put _ rubbish in the bin.33We shouldnt put the rubbish in the street. (改为祈使句)_ _

13、 the rubbish in the street.34Throw the rubbish on the floor. (改为否定句)_35Sit under the tree, please. (改为否定句)_36Please wait for her. (改为否定句)_37Waste coal and oil, please. (改为否定句)_ waste _ _ _, please.38Dont take the bus to school, Wang Bing. (改为肯定祈使句) _ the bus _ school, Wang Bing.39You cant eat anythi

14、ng here. (改为否定祈使句)_ _ anything here.40You shouldnt drive so much. (改为祈使句)_ _ so much.答案1B2B3A4C5B6C7B8A9C10D11C12C13C14A15A16put17Dont drink/Do not drink health18Dont shout quietly19Dont use20Dont throw littering21throw makes22is singing Dont shout23Dont shout24them quickly25dont talk26dont27Dont ea

15、t teeth28dont walk29shout30are going to have/will have buy31dont go32Dont any33Dont put34Dont throw the rubbish on the floor.35Dont sit under the tree, please.36Please dont wait for her.37Dont coal or oil38Take to39Dont eat40Dont drive记忆口诀祈使句祈使句,无主语,主语you,常省去。动词原形当谓语,Dont句首变否定。表客气,please,句首句末没关系。朗续常用感叹调,向末感叹和向号。