1、专题10短文首字母填空强化练20篇（期末真题精选）学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_小技巧首字母填空是多数学生的噩梦，难度较大。是期末试卷中的区分题，所以做好此题，非常关键。一、几点建议：1. 整体把握，避免盲人摸象。一定要通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解.通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，单独几个单词不理解对文章大意理解影响不大。2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词.运用构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义和词形3. 反复推敲多琢磨，慎重答题多分析。分析成分，确定句子所缺成分，从而进一步确定词性和词形。4. 认真复查很重要，关注整体和词形.要特别关注：名词：可数不可数，
2、单数与复数。谓语动词的其五种形式：原形、三单、过去式、现在分词、过去分词，形容词和副词：先分形副，再定三级（原级，比较级，最高级）。代词甚至反身代词，连词，介词，数词量词等十大词类。非谓语动词：不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词。特别注意：千万不能好不容易填出了单词，而因形式失误失分。二、常用方法：1. 关键词法。准确找到关键词或符号。2. 揣测句意法。也可以称为结合语境法. 3. 判断词性法。也可称为句子成分判断法。准确判断画横线要填的词在句子里做主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语，这样有利于保证所填的词的正确形式万无一失。 4. 推理法。结合上下文的意思及上下文的逻辑关系推理判断该填的单词的正确
3、形式。 5. 固定搭配法。如make sb. do sth.; spend time doing sth 非常常用的一种方法，读完一句话明确觉得是某个词组的固定搭配的运用，这是首字母填空中难度较小的一种题型。 6. 句型法。首字母填空经常会考察学生固定搭配的熟练运用。实战训练（一） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在相应位置上。Dr. Temple Grandin is austistic（自闭症）, which means she thinks and acts differently from most people. For example, she thinks i
4、n p 1 . If you say the word school to Dr. Grandin, her brain immediately recalls every school she has ever seen. She pictures each school and the books, desks, and rooms inside it! This may sound s 2 to some people, but Dr. Grandin likes being different. Thinking in pictures a 3 Dr. Grandins brain t
5、o work on difficult ideas because she can “see” everything in her mind. That a 4 helps her design machines and equipment. She first imagines all the pieces of a machine and h 5 they work together. Then she gives them a “test run” in her mind to see if they will w 6 . If the machine does not work in
6、her mind, she changes it u 7 she sees something that does work. Dr. Grandin uses her ability to make special equipment for handling farm animals. She believes that animals have a right to a comfortable, healthy life. So she has designed many inventions that help animals such as cows and pigs live mo
7、re c 8 on a farm. For example, she invented a curve corral（畜栏）that calms s 9 animals as they walk through it. Dr. Grandin and others l 10 her teach people that being different can be a positive thing. If we all thought alike, Dr. Grandin believes, nothing new would ever be invented.【答案】1(p)ictures 2
8、(s)trange 3(a)llows 4(a)bility 5(h)ow 6(w)ork 7(u)ntil 8(c)omfortably 9(s)tressed 10(l)ike【详解】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了坦普尔格兰丁博士是一个自闭症患者，但是她却利用自己大脑处理困难的想法，取得了很多成就，从而告诉我们与众不同可以是一件积极的事情。如果我们的想法都一样，就不会有新的发明。1句意：例如，她在图片中思考。根据“If you say the word school to Dr. Grandin, her brain immediately recalls every school she
9、has ever seen. She pictures each school and the books, desks, and rooms inside it!”及首字母提示，可知此处是picture“图片”，这里表示泛指，使用复数形式。故填(p)ictures。2句意：这对某些人来说可能听起来很奇怪，但格兰丁博士喜欢与众不同。根据“This may sound.but Dr. Grandin likes being different.”及首字母提示，可知此处需填形容词strange“奇怪的”，放在sound后面做表语。故填(s)trange。3句意：图片思维让格兰丁博士的大脑能够处理困
10、难的想法。根据“Thinking in pictures.Dr. Grandins brain to work on difficult ideas.”及首字母提示，可知此处需填动词allow“允许”，一般现在时，thinking做主语，动词要用第三人称单数。故填(a)llows。4句意：这种能力帮助她设计机器和设备。根据“she can see everything in her mind.”及首字母提示，可知此处是不可数名词ability“能力”。故填(a)bility。5句意：她首先想象一台机器的所有部件以及它们是如何协同工作的。根据“She first imagines all the
11、 pieces of a machine and.they work together.”及首字母提示，可知此处需填连接词how“如何”引导宾语从句。故填(h)ow。6句意：然后，她在心里对它们进行“测试”，看看它们是否可行。根据“Then she gives them a “test run” in her mind to see if they will.”及首字母提示，可知此处需填动词原形work“工作”。故填(w)ork。7句意：如果她认为这台机器不工作，她就更换它，直到她看到能工作的东西。根据“she changes it.she sees something that does w
12、ork.”及首字母提示，可知此处需填连接词until“直到”引导时间状语从句。故填(u)ntil。8句意：因此她设计了许多发明，帮助像牛和猪这样的动物在农场生活得更舒适。根据“So she has designed many inventions that help animals such as cows and pigs live more.on a farm.”及首字母提示，可知此处需填副词comfortably“舒适地”，修饰动词live。故填(c)omfortably。9句意：例如，她发明了一种曲线畜栏，当动物走过时，它能让紧张的动物平静下来。根据“For example, she
13、invented a curve corral（畜栏）that calms.animals as they walk through it.”及首字母提示，可知此处需填形容词stressed“紧张的”修饰名词animals。故填(s)tressed。10句意：格兰丁博士和其他像她一样的人告诉人们，与众不同可以是一件积极的事情。根据“Dr. Grandin and others.her teach people that being different can be a positive thing.”及首字母提示，可知此处需填介词like“像”。 故填(l)ike。（二） 根据下面短文内容及首
14、字母提示，填写所缺单词。Some Chinese words are very hot on the Internet these days. They have caught peoples attention overnight recently. The first one is tangping, which m 11 lying down totally. The word s 12 an inactive attitude (态度) towards social competitions, heavy life stress or daily problems. It is sai
15、d that some young people f 13 the problems like high housing prices and someone once wrote, “I dont c 14 too much about how high the housing prices are. I have lain down.” In short, being sick and tired of the endless competitions, some young people have become inactive or hopeless w 15 they face ch
16、allenges in life. Another hot word which is p 16 among the youth is neijuan, which means rat race (激烈竞争) or challenging social competitions. Many young people have to take part in the social competitions and they have no c 17 but to climb the social ladder even though they may lose everything or get
17、 few achievements. For example, many parents make their children learn more knowledge w 18 thinking about their thoughts. In their opinions, hard work is the key to success and much extra homework is necessary. However, these two attitudes are not worth taking. When facing problems in our life, we s
18、houldnt get away from them. I 19 , we should not only take an active attitude towards the challenges in life, but also remember to keep a balance between work and r 20 . Stop to enjoy the beauty of the world, learn to relax in the busy life and maybe you will find a better self!【答案】11(m)eans 12(s)ho
19、ws 13(f)ace 14(c)are 15(w)hen 16(p)opular 17(c)hoice 18(w)ithout 19(I)nstead 20(r)est【详解】本文介绍了近期在中国互联网上流行的两个词汇：躺平和内卷。11句意：第一个是躺平，意思是完全躺下。根据“which.lying down totally”及首字母可知，该句是一般现在时，且是对tangping的解释；主语是单数，谓语动词用三单， mean“意味着”，means动词三单。故填(m)eans。12句意：这个词对社会竞争、沉重的生活压力或日常问题表现出消极的态度。根据“The word.an inactive
20、attitude （态度） towards social competitions, heavy life stress or daily problems.”及首字母可知，这个词对社会竞争、沉重的生活压力或日常问题表现出消极的态度。主语是The word为单数，谓语动词用三单，show“展示，表现”，shows动词三单。故填(s)hows。13句意：据说一些年轻人面临着像高房价这样的问题，有人曾经写道：“我不太关心房价有多高。我已经躺平。” 根据“some young people.the problems like high housing prices”及首字母可知，年轻面临一些问题。f
21、ace“面临，面对”，动词；some young people 为主语，谓语动词用动词原形，故填(f)ace。14句意：据说一些年轻人面临着像高房价这样的问题，有人曾经写道：“我不太关心房价有多高。我已经躺平。” 根据dont可知后接动词原形。care about“关心”。故填(c)are。15句意：简而言之，厌倦了无休止的竞争，一些年轻人在面对生活中的挑战时变得不活跃或绝望。根据“some young people have become inactive or hopeless.they face”及首字母可知，一些年轻人在面对生活中的挑战时变得不活跃或绝望。when“当时”，引导时间状语
22、从句。故填(w)hen。16句意：另一个在年轻人中流行的热词是内卷，意思是激烈的竞争或具有挑战性的社会竞争。be popular among“在中受欢迎”。故填(p)opular。17句意：许多年轻人不得不参加社会竞争，他们别无选择，只能爬上社会阶梯，即使他们可能失去一切或取得一些成就。have no choice but to do sth“别无选择，只能做某事”。故填(c)hoice。18句意：例如，许多父母让他们的孩子学习更多的知识，而不考虑他们的想法。根据“many parents make their children learn more knowledge.thinking ab
23、out their thoughts. In their opinions, hard work is the key to success and much extra homework is necessary.”及首字母可知，父母不考虑他们的想法。without“不，没有”，without thinking about sth“不考虑某事”，故填(w)ithout。19句意：相反，我们不仅应该对生活中的挑战采取积极的态度，而且要记住保持工作和休息之间的平衡。根据“When facing problems in our life, we shouldnt get away from the
24、m.we should not only take an active attitude towards the challenges in life”可知，空处填instead意为“相反”，副词，修饰整个句子。故填(I)nstead。20句意：相反，我们不仅应该对生活中的挑战采取积极的态度，而且要记住保持工作和休息之间的平衡。根据“Stop to enjoy the beauty of the world, learn to relax in the busy life and maybe you will find a better self”及首字母可知，要保持工作和休息之间的平衡。re
25、st“休息”，名词。故填(r)est。（三） 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。By drawing pictures on a cup of tea, chabaixi, an old Chinese tea trick, has become more and more popular. Zhang Zhifeng, an inheritor (传承人) of chabaixi, found that many people showed great i 21 in the scenes of chabaixi in the drama. Chabaixi can create d
26、ifferent pictures such as bamboos and mountains. There are many s 22 , from grinding(磨碎) tea, to pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture, and finally drawing the pictures. The important process (过程) before drawing is k 23 as diancha. The quality of diancha matters whether pictures can be s 24 pro
27、duced later. “Chabaixi is one of the many forms of tea-making skills in China. The importance of chabaixi is not o 25 this skill is special in the world, but also it gives us a window into peoples lifestyle in the Song Dynasty. The activities at that time in some ways are s 26 to what we have now, ”
28、 Zhang said. Before chabaixi was discovered by TV viewers, the skill was listed as p 27 of Chinas Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2017. Zhang Zhifeng started researching the beginning of chabaixi in the 1980s and brought the skill back in 2009 a 28 years of testing and practice. Zhang thou
29、ght that it was really m 29 , “This skill is key to the tea culture of the Song Dynasty, and it would be a s 30 to let it disappear. This skill must be passed on so that more people can understand its history,” Zhang said.【答案】21(i)nterest 22(s)teps 23(k)nown 24(s)uccessfully 25(o)nly 26(s)imilar 27(
30、p)art 28(a)fter 29(m)eaningful 30(s)hame【详解】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国古代茶艺“茶百戏”因一部电视剧走红。这项技术于2017年被列入中国非物质文化遗产，并介绍了这项非遗技艺的传承人张志峰为此所做的努力。21 句意：茶百戏的传承人张志峰发现，很多人对剧中的茶百戏场景表现出极大的兴趣。show interest in sth“对展现兴趣”。故填(i)nterest。22句意：茶百戏有很多步骤，从磨茶，到倒开水，搅拌混合物，最后画画。根据“from grinding(磨碎) tea, to pouring boiled water, stirring
31、 the mixture, and finally drawing the pictures.”可知，磨茶、倒开水、搅拌混合物、画画，这些是茶百戏的步骤，many后加名词复数，空处应填step的复数形式steps“步骤”。故填(s)teps。23句意：绘制之前的重要过程被称为点茶。be known as “被认为是”。故填(k)nown。24句意：点茶的质量关系到以后能否成功制作图片。根据句子和单词首字母提示可知，空处应填副词successfully“成功的”，句中修饰动词produced。故填(s)uccessfully。25句意：茶百戏的重要性不仅在于它在世界上是特殊的，而且它给了我们一个
32、了解宋朝人们生活方式的窗口。not onlybut also“不仅而且”为固定搭配。故填(o)nly。26句意：当时的活动在某些方面与我们现在的活动相似。be similar to“与相似”，固定搭配，空处应填similar“相似的”。故填(s)imilar。27句意：在电视观众发现茶百戏之前，这项技艺于2017年被列入中国非物质文化遗产。as part of“作为的一部分”，空处应填part“部分”。故填(p)art。28句意：张志峰从20世纪80年代开始研究茶百戏的起源，经过多年的测试和实践，于2009年将这项技术带回了中国。根据“Zhang Zhifeng started researc
33、hing the beginning of chabaixi in the 1980s and brought the skill back in 2009.”和单词首字母提示可知，此处指的是经过多年的测试和实践，张志峰于2009年将这项技术带回了中国，空处应填介词after“在之后”。故填(a)fter。29句意：张志峰觉得这真的很有意义。根据“Zhang Zhifeng started researching the beginning of chabaixi in the 1980s and brought the skill back in 2009.”可知，张志峰于20世纪80年代开
34、始研究茶百戏的起源，并于2009年将其带回，因此他应是认为这真的很有意义，空处应填meaningful“有意义的”。故填(m)eaningful。30句意：这项技能是宋代茶文化的关键，如果让它消失，那将是一种耻辱。根据“This skill is key to the tea culture of the Song Dynasty,”和单词首字母提示可知，此处指的是如果这项技能消失，那将是一种耻辱，空处应填shame“耻辱”。故填(s)hame。（四） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限一词。We all know that Mr. Bean is a foolis
35、h man. He is famous for being foolish and not very good at practical things. He is always getting into t 31 . However, its surprising that Mr. Beans inventor Rowan Atkinson is a very clever man. In fact, he plays the r 32 of Mr. Bean himself. Rowan Atkinson was born in the northeast of England and s
36、tudied Engineering at Newcastle University before e 33 Oxford University. While he was studying at Oxford University, Rowan Atkinson started writing and performing comedies. He c 34 up with the idea for Mr. Bean in the 1970s, but he did not decide on a name for the character u 35 much later. Before
37、he thought of the name Mr. Bean, he tried other names l 36 Mr. Cauliflower. Mr. Bean was first shown on TV in 1990 and was a big s 37 . It has won many awards and made Rowan Atkinson famous all over the world. The film Mr. Beans Holiday was made in 2007. At that time Rowan Atkinson said it m 38 be h
38、is last appearance in the role. In fact, it wasnt. Rowan Atkinson has made so much money t 39 works of Mr. Bean that he can take up his hobbyc 40 fast cars. He has a collection of cars, including number of Aston Martins and Formula 1 racing cars. They are very different from Mr. Beans old Mini!【答案】3
39、1(t)rouble 32(r)ole 33(e)ntering 34(c)ame 35(u)ntil 36(l)ike 37(s)uccess 38(m)ight 39(t)hrough 40(c)ollecting【详解】本文主要讲述了憨豆先生的发明者Rowan Atkinson，因为憨豆先生而出名，自己也扮演憨豆这个角色，这个角色帮助他成为百万富翁。31句意：他总是陷入麻烦。根据“He is famous for being foolish and not very good at practical things.”可知，此处是指他陷入麻烦，get into trouble“陷入麻烦”
40、，固定短语。故填(t)rouble。32句意：事实上，他自己就扮演了憨豆先生这个角色。根据“Mr. Bean himself”可知，此处是指扮演角色，role“角色”，空处用名词单数。故填(r)ole。33句意：Rowan Atkinson出生于英格兰东北部，在进入牛津大学之前在纽卡斯尔大学学习工程学。根据“before e. Oxford University.”可知，是指进入牛津大学，enter“进入”，before是介词，后跟动名词。故填(e)ntering。34句意：他在20世纪70年代就提出了憨豆先生的创意，但直到很久以后才决定给这个角色取个名字。根据“the idea”可知，此处是
41、come up with“提出”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(c)ame。35句意：他在20世纪70年代就提出了憨豆先生的创意，但直到很久以后才决定给这个角色取个名字。根据“he did not decide on a name for the character u.”可知，此处是not . until“直到才”。故填(u)ntil。36句意：在他想到“憨豆先生”这个名字之前，他试过其他的名字，比如“菜花先生”。根据“Mr. Cauliflower”可知，此处是在举例子，介词like“像，比如”符合语境。故填(l)ike。37句意：1990年，憨豆先生首次在电视上播出，获得了巨大的
42、成功。根据“It has won many awards and made Rowan Atkinson famous all over the world.”可知，此处是指获得了成功，空处用名词success“成功”，a后跟单数。故填(s)uccess。38句意：当时Rowan Atkinson说，这可能是他最后一次出演这个角色。根据“it m. be his last appearance in the role. In fact, it wasnt.”可知，此处是指可能是他最后一次出演这个角色，may“可能”，时态是一般过去时，用过去式might。故填(m)ight。39句意：Rowan
43、 Atkinson通过憨豆先生的作品赚了很多钱，以至于他可以开始他的爱好收集跑车。根据“has made so much money t. works of Mr. Bean”可知，是指通过憨豆先生的作品赚了很多钱，介词through“通过，凭借”符合语境。故填(t)hrough。40句意：Rowan Atkinson通过憨豆先生的作品赚了很多钱，以至于他可以开始他的爱好收集跑车。根据“He has a collection of cars”可知，是收集跑车，collect“收集”，空处用动名词作同位语。故填(c)ollecting。（五） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文内容完
44、整、正确。Boys and girls, our Art Club is going to visit a painting show this Friday afternoon. The show is in the Art Museum, not far from our school, so well w 41 there. We plan to leave at 1 p.m. and r 42 at half past three. At the show, you will see a 43 100 paintings. All of t 44 are the works of lo
45、cal people. Please look at the paintings carefully and choose your favorite one. At our meeting next week, everyone will have a c 45 to talk about your favourite painting. Is everything clear?【答案】41(w)alk 42(r)eturn 43(a)bout 44(t)hem 45(c)hance【详解】本文是一则通知。文章主要介绍了看画展的活动。41句意：展览在艺术博物馆举行，离我们学校不远，所以我们会
46、走去那里。由“not far from our school”可知，此处表示“步行去博物馆”，本句是一般将来时，will后接动词原形。故填(w)alk。42句意：我们计划下午一点出发，三点半回来。由本句的leave可知，此处表示“出发的时间”，由“下午三点”可知，此处表示“返回的时间”，return“返回”，plan to do sth“计划做某事”，此处用动词原形。故填(r)eturn。43句意：在展览会上，你将看到大约100幅画。此处修饰“100 paintings”，表示数量，about“大约”。故填(a)bout。44句意：所有这些都是当地人的作品。此处代指“100 paintings
47、”，of是介词，后接人称宾格，them“它们”，是人称宾格。故填(t)hem。45句意：在我们下周的会议上，每个人都有机会谈论你最喜欢的画。由“talk about your favourite paintings”可知，此处表示“有机会去谈论”，have a chance to do sth“有机会做某事”。故填(c)hance。（六） 短文填空 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。We all pay more attention to rural education（乡村教育）nowadays. It has been a
48、big s 46 problem recently. B 47 in a poor family in Hunan Province, 34- year-old Hou Changliang knew how hard it is for a child in a remote area to get good education. Therefore, he c 48 to volunteer to teach at Xiangyang primary school in Yunnan Province from 2017. There were just three teachers fo
49、r about 100 students across four classes in Xiangyang primary school. The government wanted to close the school. C 49 the school meant that the students would have to go to another school far from their homes. Hous arrival helped keep the school open. It is the third village school that Hou has taug
50、ht at s 50 he graduated from Hunan University in 2011. As a volunteer teacher, he receives a monthly salary of about 800 yuan. This has r 51 unchanged for the past 10 years. “The l 52 I stayed in the countryside, the deeper I understood the challenge in rural education. Rural schools need teachers,
51、e 53 good ones.” Hou said, adding that a good teacher can make a real difference in a students life and can even change the village. The good news for village teachers like Hou is that the government has taken action to improve rural education, i 54 sending more teachers to less-developed areas, imp
52、roving the quality of rural teachers by training, and improving salary of rural teachers. “There is still a long way to go to improve rural education. But I deeply b 55 it will be better and better.” Hou said.【答案】46(s)ocial 47(B)orn 48(c)hose 49(C)losing 50(s)ince 51(r)emained 52(l)onger 53(e)specia
53、lly 54(i)ncluding 55(b)elieve【详解】本文主要讲述了乡村教师候长亮的支教经历以及提高和改善乡村教育的重要性。46句意：最近这是一个很大的社会问题。根据“We all pay more attention to rural education（乡村教育）nowadays.”及首字母可知，农村教育是社会问题，social“社会的”，形容词作定语。故填(s)ocial。47句意：34岁的侯长亮出生在湖南省的一个贫困家庭，他知道偏远地区的孩子很难接受良好的教育。根据“in a poor family”及首字母可知，此处是be born in+地点，表示“出生在某地”，结合首
54、字母B可知，此处是用过去分词短语作状语，所以此空是Born。故填(B)orn。48句意：因此，他从2017年起选择志愿到云南省向阳小学任教。根据“to volunteer to teach at Xiangyang primary school”及首字母可知，选择在这里任教，choose to do sth.“选择做某事”，固定搭配。句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(c)hose。49句意：关闭学校意味着学生们将不得不去离家很远的另一所学校。根据“The government wanted to close the school.”可知，说的是关闭学校意味着学生们将不得不去离家很远的另一所
55、学校，此空在句中作主语，应用close的动名词形式。首字母需要大写。故填(C)losing。50句意：这是侯自2011年从湖南大学毕业以来执教的第三所乡村学校。根据“has taught at he graduated from Hunan University”及首字母可知，此处是现在完成时+since+一般过去时的从句的结构。故填(s)ince。51句意：这在过去10年中保持不变。根据“This hasunchanged for the past 10 years.”及首字母可知，此处指保持不变，remain表示“维持某状态不变”，句子是现在完成时，谓语结构是have/has done，此
56、空处是动词remain的过去分词形式remained。故填(r)emained。52句意：我在农村待的时间越长，对农村教育的挑战就越了解。根据“The I stayed in the countryside, the deeper I understood the challenge in rural education.”及首字母可知，待的越久，就越了解，long“久的”，句子是the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越，就越”。故填(l)onger。53句意：农村学校需要老师，尤其是好老师。根据“ Rural schools need teachers, good ones.”及首字母可知，
57、说的是尤其缺乏好老师，especially“尤其是”。故填(e)specially。54句意：对于像侯老师这样的乡村教师来说，好消息是政府已经采取行动来改善农村教育，包括派遣更多的教师到欠发达地区，通过培训提高乡村教师的质量，提高乡村教师的工资。根据“government has taken action to improve rural education”可知，后面是介绍好的消息包含的内容，此句已有谓语动词，此空应填介词including“包括”。故填(i)ncluding。55句意：但我坚信这会越来越好。根据“There is still a long way to go to impr
58、ove rural education.”以及“it will be better and better.”可知，说的是相信会越来越好。believe“相信”，主语是第一人称，句子是一般现在时。故填(b)elieve。（七） 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为110的相应位置上。Schools are using computers more and more today. When children s 56 primary school at the age of six or seven, there will be computers in their
59、 class and they will quickly learn how to use them. The q 57 is, should parents buy their children their own home computer as soon as they start school?If parents decide to do this, the children can practice their computer s 58 at home. This will help them learn faster at school and as a result they
60、 will do b 59 . Whats more, young children really enjoy using computers and can spend hours playing h 60 with them. Another reason for buying a computer for your child early on is that young children learn to use them more easily than older children. But there are reasons a 61 this. Although childre
61、n use computers in their primary classrooms, it is not necessary for parents to buy them their own computers. Young children need to be active and play o 62 . If they spend too long in front of a computer, it can be harmful. It can damage their eyes. They also f 63 to learn how to get on with other
62、children. Whats more, a computer does not become really important for school work until children are much older. It is t 64 that young children of six or seven learn to use computers quickly and enjoy using them but other things are more important at that age. P 65 the conclusion is that parents do
63、not need to buy a computer for their young child, as there are more important things. However, if there is already a computer at home, the child can be allowed to use it for short periods only.【答案】56(s)tart 57(q)uestion 58(s)kills 59(b)etter 60(h)appily 61(a)gainst 62(o)utside/(o)utdoors 63(f)ail 64
64、(t)rue 65(P)erhaps【详解】本文是一篇议论文。文章就父母是否应该在孩子一上学就给他们买一台自己的家用电脑进行了讨论；作者认为，父母不需要为他们年幼的孩子买电脑，因为孩子有更重要的事情。56句意：当孩子们在六七岁开始上小学时，他们的班级里就会有电脑，他们很快就会学会如何使用它们。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语动词，时态为一般现在时；结合首字母“s”和“When children primary school at the age of six or seven,”可知，此处是指孩子在6、7岁时开始上小学；start“开始”，动词，主语children是复数，谓语动词原形。故填(s
65、)tart。57句意：问题是，父母是否应该在孩子入学时就给他们买一台自己的家用电脑？根据“should parents buy their children their own home computer as soon as they start school?（父母是否应该在孩子一上学就给他们买一台自己的家用电脑?）”可知，这是一个问句；分析句子结构，此处应填一个单数名词作主语，结合首字母“q”提示可知，question“问题”，名词，符合语境。故填(q)uestion。58句意：如果父母决定这样做，孩子们可以在家里练习他们的电脑技能。分析句子结构可知，此处应填一个名词作动词practic
66、e的宾语；结合语境和首字母“s”可知，此处是指练习电脑技能，skill“技能”，可数名词，前有“their”可知此处应用复数skills。故填(s)kills。59句意：这将帮助他们在学校学得更快，结果他们会做得更好。根据上文“learn faster”可知，此处应填一个副词的比较级，修饰动词do；结合语境和首字母“b”可知，此处是指家里有了电脑，孩子可以在家练习技能，在学校他们会学得更快，成绩会更好；better“更好”，副词well的比较级，符合语境。故填(b)etter。60句意：更重要的是，小孩子真的很喜欢使用电脑，可以花几个小时和他们一起快乐地玩耍。分析句子结构可知，此处应填一个副词
67、来修饰动词play，作状语；结合“young children really enjoy using computers”和首字母“h”可知，此处是指孩子们喜欢用电脑，玩的很开心；happily“快乐地”，副词，符合语境。故填(h)appily。61句意：但也有反对的理由。分析句子结构可知，此处应填一个介词；根据“Although children use computers in their primary classrooms, it is not necessary for parents to buy them their own computers.（虽然孩子们在他们的小学教室里使用
68、电脑，但父母没有必要给他们买自己的电脑。）”可知，这里提出了反对的意见，认为没有必要给孩子买电脑；结合语境和首字母“a”可知，against“反对”，介词，符合语境。故填(a)gainst。62句意：小孩子需要活跃起来，到外面去玩。分析句子结构可知，此处应填一个副词，修饰动词play，作状语；结合下文“If they spend too long in front of a computer, it can be harmful.（如果他们花太长时间在电脑前，这可能是有害的。）”和首字母“o”可知，长时间待在家里玩电脑，对孩子身体有害，孩子们应进行户外活动；outside/outdoors“在
69、外面，在户外”，副词，符合语境。故填(o)utside/(o)utdoors。63句意：他们也无法学会如何与其他孩子相处。分析句子结构可知，此处应填一个动词，时态是一般现在时；结合语境和首字母“f”可知，此处考查fail to do sth.“未能做某事”，fail“失败，未能做到”，动词，主语they是复数，谓语不需变化。故填(f)ail。64句意：的确，六七岁的孩子很快就学会了使用电脑，而且很喜欢使用电脑，但在那个年龄，其他事情更为重要。分析句子结构可知，此处应填一个形容词作表语；结合下文“young children of six or seven learn to use comput
70、ers quickly and enjoy using them（六七岁的孩子很快就能学会使用电脑，而且喜欢玩电脑）”和首字母“t”可知，此处陈述的是一个事实，true“真实的”，形容词，符合语境。故填(t)rue。65句意：也许结论是，父母不需要为他们年幼的孩子买电脑，因为有更重要的事情。结合语境和首字母“P”可知，此处是作者提出自己的建议和看法，perhaps“也许”，副词，用于提出建议或请求，符合语境。故填(P)erhaps。（八） I think Singapore（新加坡）is a great country to visit. Singapore has one main i 66
71、 and many smaller islands. You can go there by plane and it t 67 about seven hours from Beijing. There are about five m 68 people in Singapore. Most people in Singapore speak English, and some also s 69 Chinese and Malay.There are l 70 of interesting things to do in Singapore. The Night Safari is a
72、night-time zoo. You can see all the animals at night. If you like birds, you should v 71 the Jurong Bird Park（裕廊飞禽公园）. It is the l 72 bird park in South East Asia. There is also an open zoo at the Singapore Zoological Gardens. You can see many animals there. Singapore is also good for s 73 and eatin
73、g. There are hundreds of shops on Orchard Road. All over the island, there are many hawker（美食）centres. You can buy all kinds of local f 74 very cheaply in these centres. And you can surely find something d 75 to eat.【答案】66(i)sland 67(t)akes 68(m)illion 69(s)peak 70(l)ots 71(v)isit 72(l)argest 73(s)h
74、opping 74(f)ood 75(d)elicious【详解】本文主要介绍新加坡的人文地理，美食等信息。66句意：新加坡有一个主要的岛屿和其他和许多小的岛屿。根据“and many smaller islands”可知空处指主要岛屿，故填(i)sland。67句意：你可以乘飞机去那儿，从北京出发花大约七小时。此处是it takes sb. some time的句式，主语是it，谓语动词用三单形式，故填(t)akes。68句意：在新加坡约有500万人口。此处表示人口数量，结合首字母可知应是million，five million“五百万”，故填(m)illion。69句意：大部分新加坡人说英
75、语，有一些也说中文和马来语。根据“Most people in Singapore speak English,”可知此处讲到说语言，speak+语言，故填(s)peak。70句意：在新加坡有许多有趣的事情可以做。lots of“许多”，故填(l)ots。71句意：如果你喜欢鸟，你应该去参观裕廊飞禽公园。宾语是“the Jurong Bird Park”空处应表示参观“visit”，should后接动词原形，故填(v)isit。72句意：他是东南亚最大的观鸟公园。根据“.bird park in South East Asia.”可知在东南亚范围应用最高级，结合首字母可知是large的最高级形
76、式largest。故填(l)argest。73句意：新加坡也是逛街和吃饭的好地方。根据“There are hundreds of shops on Orchard Road.”可知是逛街，for后接动名词。故填shopping。74句意：你可以在这些中心非常便宜地买到各种各样的当地美食。根据“All over the island, there are many hawker（美食）centres.”可知讲的是食物，故填(f)ood。75句意：并且你也一定能找到一些美味的东西来吃。根据“All over the island, there are many hawker（美食）centres
77、.”并结合首字母可知是美味的“delicious”，形容词作定语，故填(d)elicious。（九） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。It was my first year teaching in a special school and I wasnt sure what to expect at our school sports meeting. My students f 76 a lot of challenges, from mind learning disabilities to cerebral palsy（脑瘫）.Mark was one of th
78、e latter. He had to get around in a wheelchair. But he always had a positive attitude and greeted everyone with a huge s 77 . His classmates loved him, especially Mike, Andy and Lucas, three boys who were good at sport. I knew Mark wanted to be l 78 them.W 79 track and field day came, Mike, Andy and
79、 Lucas placed well, giving the crowd something to cheer about. Mark sat on the sideline, cheering them on.The final event of the day was the 400-metre race. Everyone was invited to either walk or run. We watched as they took off. Mike, Andy and Lucas all wanted to p 80 who the better athlete was.But
80、 when the three reached the f 81 line, they stopped and turned to look behind them. At the back of the crowd was Mark, he was alone on the track with over half the distance left.Mike, Andy and Lucas looked at each other, and a s 82 thought passed between them. Slowly they ran back towards their frie
81、nd. They formed a circle around Mark and kept pace, cheering him on a 83 he had done for them before.In the end, the four crossed the finishing line together to the excited shouts of their teachers and classmates. Seeing the look on Marks face, I came to u 84 what makes the Special Olympics so speci
82、al. Everyone deserves their o 85 time to shine.【答案】76(f)aced 77(s)mile 78(l)ike 79(W)hen 80(p)rove 81(f)inishing 82(s)ilent/(s)udden 83(a)s 84(u)nderstand 85(o)wn【详解】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的残疾学生Mark参加校运会，在其他三位同学的帮助下，他凭借自己坚强的毅力完成了比赛，收获成功的同时也感受到了珍贵的友情。76句意：我的学生们面临着很多挑战，从学习困难到身体残疾。根据“a lot of challenges”及首字母f
83、可知此处应用动词face表示面对，句子应用一般过去时，动词face的过去式为faced。故填(f)aced。77句意：但他总是保持一种积极的态度，总是面带着灿烂的笑容与每个人打招呼。根据“But he always had a positive attitude”可知，他积极面对，因此应是笑着打招呼。根据“a”和首字母s可知此处应用单数名词smile来表示“微笑”。故填(s)mile。78句意：我知道Mark很想像他们一样。根据“be”和首字母l可知此处用be like sb/sth表示“像某人/某物”。故填(l)ike。79句意：当田径日到来时，Mike、Andy和Lucas的排名很好，给了
84、观众一些值得欢呼的东西。根据“track and field day came”及首字母w可知此处应用when引导时间状语从句。位于句首，首字母要大写。故填(W)hen。80句意：Mike、Andy和Lucas都想证明谁是更好的运动员。根据“who the better athlete was”用首字母p可知此处应用动词prove表示“证明”，want to do sth表示“想做某事”，此处应用动词prove的原形。故填(p)rove。81句意：但当三人到达终点线时，他们停了下来，转身看向身后。根据上文“The final event of the day was the 400-metre
85、 race.”可知他们三人正在参加400米赛跑，根据首字母f可知此处应用finishing构成the finishing line表示“终点线”。故填(f)inishing。82句意：Mike、Andy和Lucas面面相觑，一个无声的想法/一个突然的念头在他们之间传递。根据“thought”及首字母s可知此处可用形容词silent表示“无声的想法”，也可用形容词sudden表示“突然的念头”。故填(s)ilent/(s)udden。83句意：他们把马克围了一圈，与他并驾齐驱，就像他以前为他们做的那样为他加油。根据“he had done for them before”及首字母a可知此处应用a
86、s引导方式状语从句。故填(a)s。84句意：看到Mark脸上的表情，我开始明白是什么让特奥会如此特别。根据“what makes the Special Olympics so special”及首字母u可知此处应用动词understand表示“理解”，根据“came to”可知此处应用动词短语come to do sth表示“开始做某事”，此处应用动词understand的原形。故填(u)nderstand。85句意：每个人都应该有自己的闪光时间。根据“Everyone”及首字母o可知此处应用形容词own修饰名词time表示“自己的时间”。故填(o)wn。（十） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填
87、写所缺单词，使其意思完整。Zu Chongzhi was one of the greatest mathematicians(数学家) in ancient China. He was b 86 during the Northern and Southern dynasties. From a young age, he was taught natural science, astronomy, math and so on. The little boy showed an i 87 in all of these subjects, especially in math. He wa
88、s best known for his calculation(计算) of pi (). A 88 to the record, he did all the work using nothing but wooden sticks. It took him lots of time to work out the valueb 89 3.1415926 and 3. 1415927. At that time no one was able to do better than him. And now the achievement is s 90 praised by people a
89、round the world. Some mathematicians s 91 calling pi “ Zu Lv” in order to remember him. His achievements went b 92 math. He worked out that a year should be 365. 24281481 days long and created the Daming Calendar. However, government officials at that time did not agree with him. He never saw his c
90、93 put into use. Almost ten years after his d 94 , the new calendar was finally accepted. He was an inventor too. He once made a vehicle (车辆) t 95 carried a pointer(指针). No matter how the vehicle turned, the pointer always pointed to the south.【答案】86(b)orn 87(i)nterest 88(A)ccording 89(b)etween 90(s
91、)till 91(s)uggest 92(b)eyond 93(c)alendar 94(d)eath 95(t)hat【详解】本文主要介绍古代中国的数学家祖冲之。86句意：他出生在南北朝时期。横线后是时代，所以应是介绍出生的时代，考查短语“be born”出生。故填(b)orn。87句意：小男孩在所有科目上都展示兴趣，尤其是数学上。考查短语“show an interest in”在上展示兴趣。故填(i)terest。88句意：根据记载，他除了用木棍什么都没用做了所有的工作。根据语境可知，应是根据记载，所以是短语“according to the record”。故填(A)ccording。
92、89句意：他花费很多时间解答出3.1415926和3.1415927间的价值。根据语境可知，应是短语“between.and”在之间。故填(b)etween。90句意：现在这个成就仍然被全世界人赞扬。根据语境可知，横线上缺一个副词，表示仍然，所以是still。故填(s)till。91句意：为了记住祖冲之，一些数学家建议称为“祖率”。根据语境可知，应是建议做某事“suggest doing”，由于是描述事实，所以是一般现在时，由于主语是复数，所以是动词原形suggest。故填(s)uggest。92句意：他的成就超出了数学。根据后文可知列出了其他的成就，所以是超出了数学。故填(b)eyond。9
93、3句意：他未曾见到他的日历投入使用。根据后文“the new calendar was finally accepted”可知，是他的日历。故填(c)alendar。94句意：几乎在他死后的十年，新的日历最终被接受了。根据前文可知，他未曾见到，所以应是在他死后，所以横线上是名词“death”死亡。故填(d)eath。95句意：他曾经制作一个带有指南针的车辆。分析句子可知，此句是含有定语从句的，结合首字母t，可知是that。故填(t)hat。请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。（） （十一） By drawing pictures on a cup of tea, chabaixi, an
94、 ancient Chinese tea trick showed in a recent TV drama, has become popular for its similarity to modern latte art (咖啡拉花艺术). However, ten years ago, this special skill was close to disappearing completely. Zhang Zhifeng, an inheritor (传承人) of chabaixi, found many people showed great i 96 in the scene
95、s of chabaixi in the drama.Chabaixi can create different pictures such as bamboos and mountains. There are many s 97 , from grinding (磨碎) tea, to pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture, and finally drawing the pictures. It is d 98 from making latte because people use clear water as the object to
96、 put into the cup instead of milk. But when the water touches the tea, it turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes. The important process before drawing is known as diancha. The quality of diancha m 99 whether pictures can be successfully produced later.“Chabaixi is one of the many form
97、s of tea-making skills in China. The importance of chabaixi is not only this skill is special in the world, but also it gives us a window into peoples l 100 in the Song Dynasty. The activities at that time in some ways are s 101 to what we have now,” Zhang said.B 102 chabaixi was discovered by TV vi
98、ewers, the skill was listed as part of Chinas Intangible Cultural Heritage In 2017. Zhang Zhifeng started researching the beginning of chabaixi in the 1980s and brought the skill b 103 in 2009 after years of testing and practice. Zhang thought that it was really m 104 .“This skill is key to the tea
99、culture of the Song Dynasty, and it would be a shame to let it d 105 . This skill must be passed on so that more people can understand its history,” Zhang said.【答案】96(i)nterest 97(s)teps 98(d)ifferent 99(m)atters 100(l)ifestyle 101(s)imilar 102(B)ecause 103(b)ack 104(m)eaningful 105(d)isappear【详解】本文
100、是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国古代茶艺“茶百戏”因一部电视剧走红。这项技术于2017年被列入中国非物质文化遗产，并介绍了这项非遗技艺的传承人章志峰为此所做的努力。96句意：茶百戏的传承人章志峰发现，很多人对剧中的茶百戏场景表现出极大的兴趣。show interest in sth“对展现兴趣”，故填(i)nterest。97句意：茶百戏有很多步骤，从磨茶，到倒开水，搅拌混合物，最后画画。根据“from grinding (磨碎) tea, to pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture, and finally drawing the pictures
101、.”可知，磨茶、倒开水、搅拌混合物、画画，这些是茶百戏的步骤，“步骤”step，many后加复数。故填(s)teps。98句意：这与制作拿铁不同，因为人们用清水代替牛奶放入杯子。根据“people use clear water as the object to put into the cup instead of milk”可知，用清水代替牛奶放入杯子，说明这与制作拿铁不同，be different from“与不同”。故填(d)ifferent。99句意：点茶的质量关系到以后能否成功制作。根据“The quality of diancha . whether pictures can b
102、e successfully produced later.”和首字母可知，点茶的质量关系到以后能否成功制作，matter“要紧、有重大影响”，且主语quality是三单，动词用三单形式。故填(m)atters。100句意：茶白戏的重要性不仅在于这项技艺在世界上很特殊，而且它为我们提供了一扇了解宋代人们生活方式的窗户。根据“it gives us a window into peoples . in the Song Dynasty”可知，茶百戏为我们提供了一扇了解宋代人们生活方式的窗户。lifestyle“生活方式”。故填(l)ifestyle。101句意：当时的活动在某些方面与我们现在的活
103、动相似。be similar to“与相似”，固定搭配。故填(s)imilar。102句意：由于茶百戏被电视观众发现，这项技艺于2017年被列入中国非物质文化遗产。根据“. chabaixi was discovered by TV viewers, the skill was listed as part of Chinas Intangible Cultural Heritage In 2017.”和首字母可知，前后两句是因果关系，用because“因为”引导原因状语从句。故填(B)ecause。103句意：章志峰从20世纪80年代开始研究茶百戏的起源，经过多年的测试和实践，于2009年将
104、茶百戏再度流行。bring sth back“使恢复、使再度流行”，固定短语。故填(b)ack。104句意：章觉得这真的很有意义。根据本段可知，章认为使茶百戏再度流行起来是有意义的。故填(m)eaningful。105句意：这项技艺是宋代茶文化的关键，如果失传，那将是一种耻辱。根据“This skill must be passed on”可知，这种技艺必须传递下去，不能让它消失。disappear“消失”，let sb do sth“让某人做某事”，此处应是动词原形。故填(d)isappear。（十二） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，每空一词。A clock
105、struck twelve. Scrooge suddenly remembered, “Another ghost is coming at one oclock.” He decided to lie awake until after one oclock.He waited and waited until at last he heard the c 106 strike one at that moment, a light flashed in the room and the curtains round his bed flew open.Scrooge sat up and
106、 found h 107 face-to-face with a ghost.It was very s 108 . It was the height of a child, but it looked like an old man.“Are you the ghost that Marley told me about?” asked Scrooge.“I am!”“Who are you?” Scrooge continued.“Im the Ghost of Christmas Past.”“W 109 have you come?” asked Scrooge.“For your
107、welfare!” said the Ghost. “Now stand up and walk with me!”As it spoke, they p 110 through the wall. And they stood on the country road.“Good heavens!” said Scrooge, as he 1 111 around him. “I grew up here. I was a boy here!”They walked along the road and Scrooge k 112 every tree and every gate. All
108、these boys were happy and shouting to each other.“They are only shadows,” said the Ghost. “They cant s 113 us.”Scrooge knew all the boys. But why was he so happy to see them? “What good has it ever done me?” he asked himself.“The school is not quite e 114 ,” said the Ghost. “One child is still there
109、.”“I know,” said Scrooge with a tear in his eye.They soon came to a large red-brick building. They entered the gloomy hall and walked to a door at the back of the building. It opened before them and they saw a long empty classroom. At one of the desks a lonely b 115 was reading a book. Scrooge sat d
110、own on a bench and wept when he saw himself.“I wish,” Scrooge muttered, after drying his eyes with his sleeve, “but its too late now.”-Taken from A Christmas Carol【答案】106(c)lock 107(h)imself 108(s)trange 109(W)hy 110(p)assed 111(l)ooked 112(k)new 113(s)ee 114(e)mpty 115(b)oy【详解】本文是圣诞颂歌里的一个片段。106句意：他
111、等了又等，终于听到钟敲了一点，房间里一盏灯亮了起来，他床上的窗帘拉开了。根据上文提到“A clock struck twelve.”可知，此处表达钟声敲了一点。故填(c)lock。107句意：史克鲁奇坐了起来，发现自己正和一个鬼魂面对面。根据首字母提示可知，此处应表达发现他自己正和一个鬼魂面对面，空处应填反身代词himself“他自己”。故填(h)imself。108句意：这很奇怪。根据下文“It was the height of a child, but it looked like an old man.”可知，此处表达这很奇怪。故填(s)trange。109句意：“你为什么来？”史克鲁
112、奇问道。根据下文“For your welfare!”可知，此处解释为什么来。故填(W)hy。110句意：就在它说话的时候，他们穿过了墙。pass through“穿过”，固定搭配，时态为一般过去时，pass的过去式为passed。故填(p)assed。111句意：“天哪！”史克鲁奇望着四周说。根据首字母提示可知，空处应填look around“环顾四周”，固定搭配，时态为一般过去时，look的过去式为looked。故填(l)ooked。112句意：他们沿着这条路走着，史克鲁奇认识每一棵树和每一扇大门。根据“I grew up here. I was a boy here!”及首字母提示可知，
113、此处应表达认识每一棵树每一扇大门，know的过去式为knew。故填(k)new。113句意：他们看不到我们。根据“They are only shadows,”及首字母提示可知，此处表达他们看不见我们，see“看到”，情态动词后面加动词原形。故填(s)ee。114句意：“学校不是很空，”鬼魂说。”根据“One child is still there.”及首字母提示可知，此处表达学校不是空的，empty“空的”，形容词作表语。故填(e)mpty。115句意：在其中一张桌子旁，一个孤独的男孩正在看书。根据“when he saw himself”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是一个男孩。故填(b)o
114、y。（十三） 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。Thomas J. Scheuer comes from the US. He studies at a u 116 in Beijing and also works as a professional table tennis player.Why do Chinese players always dominate (称霸) the major table tennis events? Scheuer heard that one of the r 117 is that t
115、here is a large fan base for the sport in the country. Almost everyone can play a little. To see w 118 its true, he went to a park and visited a club to find out.At a park in Beijing, Scheuer saw many old people playing table tennis. He was a 119 by the active scene. One of them told him that he had
116、 been playing the sport for more than 50 years. He spends about two hours on it every day. He was even n 120 one of the “Beijing Masters” when he was 70. “Ive noticed that Im the y 121 player in the park,” said Scheuer.Then Scheuer visited a table tennis club. There, many kids were practicing. A boy
117、 said he hoped that he could be an excellent player like Ma Long one day. A girl said playing table tennis helps her r 122 after doing schoolwork.The visits made Scheuer “truly appreciate the enthusiasm (热情) that Chinese people have for table tennis”. “Dubbed (授予称号) as Chinas n 123 sport, table tenn
118、is is as popular in China as soccer and basketball are worldwide,” Scheuer said.Scheuer was also impressed to find that Chinese people of all age groups take part in the sport, “not just to be w 124 , but also to have fun, to socialize (社交), and to live a healthy lifestyle.” Such a s 125 touched him
119、. Moreover, he confirmed again that it is love that makes things simple.【答案】116(u)niversity 117(r)easons 118(w)hether 119(a)mazed 120(n)amed 121(y)oungest 122(r)elax 123(n)ational 124(w)inners 125(s)pirit【详解】本文主要讲述了Thomas J. Scheuer在北京一所大学学习同时也是一名职业乒乓球运动员，他想弄清楚中国人民对乒乓球的热爱，去了公园和乒乓球俱乐部观察，最后被人们的这种精神所打动
120、。116句意：他在北京的一所大学学习，同时也是一名职业乒乓球运动员。根据“He studies at a in Beijing”及首字母可知，在一所大学学习，university“大学”，根据a可知，此空应填单数名词，故填(u)niversity。117句意：Scheuer听说其中一个原因是这个国家有大量的体育爱好者。根据“Why”及“one of the”可知，介绍其中一个原因，reason“原因”，one of+复数名词，表示“之一”，故填(r)easons。118句意：为了弄清这是不是真的，他去了一个公园，并参观了一个俱乐部。根据“To see its true”及首字母可知，为了弄清是
121、否是真的，whether“是否”，故填(w)hether。119句意：他对这热闹的场面感到惊奇。根据“He was by the active scene”及首字母可知，对这个场面感到惊讶，amazed“惊奇的，惊讶的”，修饰人，故填(a)mazed。120句意：他在70岁时被评为“北京高手”之一。根据“He was even one of the Beijing Masters”及首字母可知，被称之为“北京高手”之一，name“称为”，was与过去分词构成一般过去时被动语态，故填(n)amed。121句意：我注意到我是公园里最年轻的运动员。根据“Ive noticed that Im the
122、 player in the park”及首字母可知，是公园里最年轻的运动员，young“年轻的”，根据the以及“in the park”可知，三者以上比较要用最高级，故填(y)oungest。122句意：一个女孩说打乒乓球可以帮助她在做作业后放松。根据“helps her after doing schoolwork”及首字母可知，帮助她放松，relax“放松”，help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，故填(r)elax。123句意：乒乓球被称为中国的“国球”，在中国就像足球和篮球在世界范围内一样受欢迎。根据“Dubbed (授予称号) as Chinas sport”及首字母可知
123、，乒乓球被称为中国的“国球”，national “全国的”，故填(n)ational。124句意：不仅仅是为了成为赢家，还要玩得开心，社交，过健康的生活方式。根据“not just to be, but also to have fun”及首字母可知，打乒乓球不仅仅是为了成为赢家，winner“赢家”，此空应填复数形式表示这一类别，故填(w)inners。125句意：这样的精神感动了他。根据“ Such a touched him”及首字母可知，精神感动了他，spirit“精神”，故填(s)pirit。（十四） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。There has be
124、en great progress in the West Town murder case. It t 126 out that the person who killed the young man was his boss! The boss did something a 127 the law. The victim wanted to report the crime to the p 128 , so his boss murdered him. The man who was seen running down the street had n 129 to do with t
125、he case. He worked in a meat market. The blood on his shirt was from killing hens and ducks. He was in a h 130 to catch a bus!【答案】126(t)urned/(t)urns 127(a)gainst 128(p)olice/(p)oliceman/(p)olicemen 129(n)othing 130(h)urry【详解】本文介绍了西镇谋杀案的情况，说明了谋杀那个年轻人的人是他的老板，在街上奔跑的那个人与这个案子毫无关系。126句意：原来杀害那个年轻人的人是他的老板！
126、根据“out that the person who killed the young man was his boss!”可知，这是说的最后结果，所以此处是短语turn out“结果是，原来是”，此句可以是一般现在时，也可以是一般过去时，主语是it，所以动词用第三人称单数形式或过去式。故填(t)urned/ (t)urns。127句意：老板做了违法的事。根据“The victim wanted to report the crime to theso his boss murdered him.”可知，受害者想要报案，应该是老板做了违法的事，此处是against the law“违法的”，固
127、定搭配。故填(a)gainst。128句意：受害者想向警方/警察报案，所以他的老板谋杀了他。根据“The victim wanted to report the crime to the”可知，受害者想要报案，结合常识可知，应该是向警方/警察报案，police“警方”，policeman“警察”，也可用其复数形式policemen。故填(p)olice/(p)oliceman/(p)olicemen。129句意：在街上奔跑的那个人与这个案子毫无关系。根据“He worked in a meat market. The blood on his shirt was from killing he
128、ns and ducks.”可知，那个人与这个案子毫无关系，此处是have nothing to do with“与无关”。故填(n)othing。130句意：他急着赶公共汽车！根据“He was in ato catch a bus!”可知，此处是说他急着赶公共汽车，in a hurry“匆忙”，固定短语。故填(h)urry。（十五） 请根据各题所给首字母提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。If you want to study abroad, have you thought about where to live? As you are s 131 too you
129、ng to rent an apartment by yourself, I think it is b 132 for you to live with a homestay family. There are a lot of advantages.I once studied in Canada for about nine months. The first time I had a homestay was in a small town in Canada. D 133 that time, Mr. Carlton from my homestay family drove me
130、to school every morning, and then b 134 me back in the afternoon. The meals he made for me were always very d 135 , and when I got bored with my study, we usually watched a movie together to r 136 ourselves. So we always got a 137 very well with each other. Living with a homestay family has t 138 me
131、 how to communicate with different people. Moreover, when different lifestyles and cultures meet together, the spark(火花) they make are spectacular(壮观的).Of course, every coin has its two sides. Living with a homestay family may also have its d 139 , especially when living with a foreign family. The b
132、iggest p 140 for you may come from the completely different lifestyle, and it will take you a long time to get used to it.【答案】131(s)till 132(b)etter 133(D)uring 134(b)rought 135(d)elicious 136(r)elax 137(a)long 138(t)aught 139(d)isadvantages/(d)ifficulties 140(p)roblem【详解】本文作者通过在加拿大留学时，住在寄宿家庭的经历，讲述了
133、住在寄宿家庭的优势和劣势。131句意：因为你还太小，不能自己租公寓，我认为你和寄宿家庭住在一起会更好。此句句子结构完整，所以这里需要填写副词，结合句意和首字母可知，这里表示“仍然”太小。故填(s)till。132句意：因为你还太小，不能自己租公寓，我认为你和寄宿家庭住在一起会更好。这里用到句型it is+形容词for sb to do sth，结合句意和首字母可知，这里表示和寄宿家庭住在一起“更好”。故填(b)etter。133句意：在那段时间里，寄宿家庭的卡尔顿先生每天早上开车送我去学校。结合句意和首字母可知，这里表示“在期间”。故填(D)uring。134句意：在那段时间里，寄宿家庭的卡尔
134、顿先生每天早上开车送我去学校，下午再把我接回来。结合句意和首字母可知，这里表示“把某人带回”bring sb back，这里在叙述过去的事情，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(b)rought。135句意：他给我做的饭总是很好吃。结合句意和是首字母可知，这里指的是饭菜很“美味的”。故填(d)elicious。136句意：当我厌倦学习的时候，我们通常一起看电影来放松自己。根据句子中的“watched a movie”及首字母可知，这里表示“放松”自己。故填(r)elax。137句意：所以我们一直相处得很好。get along well with sb“和某人相处很好”是固定搭配。故填(a)l
135、ong。138句意：住在寄宿家庭让我学会了如何与不同的人交流。结合句意和首字母可知，这里表示“教某人如何做某事”teach sb how to do sth，且这里是一般过去时，动词使用过去式。故填(t)aught。139句意：住在寄宿家庭也可能有它的困难/劣势，特别是当生活在一个外国家庭。根据后文“you may come from the completely different lifestyle”可知，这里表示住在寄宿家庭的困难或劣势，difficulty和disadvantage是可数名词，用复数形式。故填(d)isadvantages/(d)ifficulties。140句意：对你
136、来说最大的问题可能来自完全不同的生活方式。结合句意和首字母可知，这里表示最大的“问题”。故填(p)roblem。（十六） 根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）Shylock held his knife and told Antonia to get ready.“Wait!” said Portia. “You will not do a 141 that is not written in the contract. Is that right, Shylock?” “Yes.” said Shylock. He w 142 what the judg
137、e was going to say.“Well,” said Portia, “I have read the contract c 143 and it does not say anything about taking his blood. It says a pound of flesh. You can take your pound of flesh w 144 one drop of his blood. If you do that, the duke will take everything you own.” Now it was Grazianos turn to pr
138、aise the judge.“Did you hear that, Shylock?” he asked. “What a w 145 judge!” “You wanted justice (公正).” Portia said to Shylock, “You will have more justice than you wanted.” Shylock did not want to give everything to the duke. He decided to give up t 146 the pound of flesh.“Give me ninety thousand d
139、ollars,” he said, “and I will have p 147 on the merchant and let him go.” Bassanio was very happy to give him the money.“Here it is, Shylock.” He was very e 148 that Antonio would not die.Portia, however, had m 149 to say.“Wait!” she said again. “He does not want the money. It is not written in the
140、contract and he would not do anything that was not written in the contract.” “Just give me the money I lent you. I wont e 150 ask for interest,” Shylock said impatiently. Bassanio was ready to give it to him, but again Portia stopped him.【答案】141(a)nything 142(w)ondered 143(c)arefully 144(w)ithout 14
141、5(w)ise 146(t)aking 147(p)ity 148(e)xcited 149(m)ore 150(e)ven【详解】本文节选自莎士比亚的喜剧威尼斯商人，讲述了法官Portia用自己的聪明才智帮助了商人安东尼奥。141句意：你不能做合同以外的任何事情。根据“that is not written in the contract”可推出是不做合同里没有的任何事情，anything任何事情，用于否定句。故填(a)nything。142句意：他想知道法官会说什么。根据“what the judge was going to say”可推出是想知道法官会说什么，wonder想知道，根据“
142、said”可知用一般过去时，wonder的过去式是wondered。故填(w)ondered。143句意：我仔细阅读了合同，上面没有说要取他的血。根据“it does not say anything about taking his blood”可知法官仔细阅读过合同，用副词carefully表示“仔细地”，修饰动词“read”。故填(c)arefully。144句意：你可以拿走你的一磅肉而不用他流一滴血。根据“it does not say anything about taking his blood”可知按照合同要求不能流一滴血，without不带，没有。故填(w)ithout。145
143、句意：多么明智的法官啊！根据“Now it was Grazianos turn to praise the judge.”及下文安东尼奥保住了姓名可知法官是聪明的，wise聪明的，形容词作定语。故填(w)ise。146句意：他决定放弃那一磅肉。根据“You can take your pound of flesh”可知此处是词语重现，用take；give up doing sth.放弃做某事。故填(t)aking。147句意：“给我9万美元，”他说，“我就可怜可怜这个商人，放他走。”have pity on怜悯，同情。故填(p)ity。148句意：Antonio不会死，他非常激动。根据“An
144、tonio would not die”可知安东尼奥不用死了，巴萨尼奥很兴奋，excited兴奋的，形容词作表语。故填(e)xcited。149句意：然而，Portia还有更多的话要说。根据“she said again”可知Portia有更多的话要说，more更多的。故填(m)ore。150句意：我甚至不会要利息。根据“Just give me the money I lent you.”可知夏洛克只要原本借出去的钱，甚至不要利息，even甚至。故填(e)ven。（十七） 根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每
145、空一词）Ever since the COVID-19 broke out, China has acted quickly by using a set of supportive policies (政策) to develop the economy .China chose the people-centered development policy w 151 aims at making sure employment, peoples basic living levels, and the survival of businesses, e 152 private and sm
146、aller ones.In order to continuously i 153 the countrys growth quality and raise the living standard of the people, China has taken some a 154 .Poverty alleviation (扶贫)Poverty alleviation is the basic need and one of the most i 155 goals for China. From 2012 to 2019, the number of people living in po
147、verty in China went d 156 from 98.99 million to 5.51 million, It is not just a 157 making the pie bigger, but also about dividing the pie and making sure n 158 is left behind.New types of businessesAt the same time, China is also d 159 new types of business such as the electronic economy and digital
148、 economy, information technology and education to c 160 more jobs and stabilize the economy.China will continue to improve the countrys growth quality and raise the living standard of the people .【答案】151(w)hich 152(e)specially 153(i)mprove 154(a)ctions 155(i)mportant 156(d)own 157(a)bout 158(n)obody
149、/(n)one 159(d)eveloping 160(c)reate【详解】短文介绍了我国的一些自新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来的扶持政策。151句意：中国坚持以人民为中心的发展政策，就是要确保就业。观察句子，这是一个定语从句，先行词为policy，关系词在从句中充当主语，关系代词which符合语境，故填(w)hich。152句意：人民的基本生活水平，企业的生存，特别是私营和小型企业。观察句子，根据“private and smaller ones.”可知应该是特别指私营和小型企业这些企业生存，especially adv.“尤其地”，符合语境。故填(e)specially153句意：为了不断提高国家
150、的增长质量，提高人民的生活水平，中国已经采取了一些行动。in order to do sth.“为了做某事”，可知这里应该是缺少一个动词，再结合“the countrys growth quality and raise the living standard of the people”，可知应该是提高国家的增长质量，improve v.“提高”符合语境，故填(i)mprove。154句意：为了不断提高国家的增长质量，提高人民的生活水平，中国已经采取了一些行动。根据前一句提到为了不断提高国家的增长质量，提高人民的生活水平，可知应该是采取了一些行动，take some actions“采取一些
151、行动”，故填(a)ctions。155句意：扶贫是中国的根本需要，也是最重要的目标之一。观察句子，这里是最高级句型：one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数。结合常识可知扶贫是中国也是最重要的目标之一，important adj.“重要的”符合语境，故填(i)mportant。156句意：2012年至2019年，中国贫困人口由9899万人减少到551万人。前面提到扶贫，这里紧接着说中国贫困人口数的变化，可知应该是扶贫人口在减少，go down“下降”符合语境，故填(d)own。157句意：这不仅是要做大蛋糕，而且是要分蛋糕，确保没有人掉队。根据“but also about dividin
152、g the pie and making sure ”，可知句型应该是“It is not just about, but also about”符合语境，故填(a)bout。158句意：这不仅是要做大蛋糕，而且是要分蛋糕，确保没有人掉队。根据“but also about dividing the pie ”，可推知要分蛋糕，确保没有人掉队。nobody pron.“没有人”&none pron.“没有人”符合语境，故填(n)obody/(n)one。159句意：与此同时，中国也在发展电子经济、数字经济、信息技术、教育等新业态，以增加就业，稳定经济。根据常识可知，中国正在发展新型产业
153、，时态为现在进行时，develop v.“发展”符合语境，故填(d)eveloping。160句意：与此同时，中国也在发展电子经济、数字经济、信息技术、教育等新业态，以增加就业，稳定经济。观察句子，这里是动词不定to do表目的“为了增加就业，稳定经济” ，create v.“创造”符合语境，故填(c)reate。（十八） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。Why some people become lifelong readers?They can be identified by the bound, printed stacks of paper they read on the
154、ir lap. They are, in other words, readers.Joining their groups seems e 161 : Get a book, read it and Voila! But behind that easy process is a question of motivation(动力)of why some people s 162 in getting great pleasure from reading while others dont.As Daniel Willingham e 163 in his book Raising Kid
155、s Who Read, three points have a major i 164 on whether someone becomes a lifelong reader or not.First, a child needs to be a “fluent decoder”(流利的解码员)that is, able to smoothly “go from print on the page to words in the m 165 .” This is something that school teaches, but parents can help with it t 166
156、 reading to and with their kids. Reading to and with kids at an early a 167 can give them a good start when they start school.S 168 , Willingham said, these fluent decoders usually have a lot of background knowledge about the world. “The main point of whether a child or an adult understands a text i
157、s how m 169 they already know about the topic,” Willingham noted.If those two things are in place, the final part will be “motivation - you have to have a positive opinion toward reading and a positive self-image as a reader,” Willingham said.There are, as so many parents all understand, a number of
158、 advantages of being able to read about future life, but the focus should be on helping kids discover the inner v 170 in it, in the moment. After that, other good things will come.【答案】161(e)asy 162(s)ucceed 163(e)xpresses 164(i)nfluence 165(m)ind 166(t)hrough 167(a)ge 168(S)econd 169(m)uch 170(v)alu
159、e【详解】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了为什么有些人能成为终身读者。161句意：加入他们的小组似乎很容易：找一本书，阅读它。根据“But behind that easy process is a question of motivation(动力)”可知，前面的一空填easy。故填(e)asy。162句意：但在这个简单的过程背后是一个动机问题为什么有些人能从阅读中获得巨大的乐趣，而有些人却不能。根据固定搭配“成功做某事：succeed in doing sth.”和首字母提示，succeed符合句意。故填(s)ucceed。163句意：正如丹尼尔威林厄姆在他的培养会读书的孩子一书中所表达的那样，
160、有三点对一个人能否成为终身读者有重要影响。根据“in his book Raising Kids Who Read”可知，在书里表达的观点；结合首字母提示，主语第三人称单数，expresses符合句意。故填(e)xpresses。164句意：正如丹尼尔威林厄姆在他的培养会读书的孩子一书中所表达的那样，有三点对一个人能否成为终身读者有重要影响。根据固定搭配“have an influence on sth.”和首字母提示，influence符合句意。故填(i)nfluence。165句意：也就是说，能够顺利地“从纸上的文字到头脑中的文字”。根据“fluent decoder”可知，需要从纸上的文
161、字到脑子里的文字，结合首字母提示，mind符合句意。故填(m)ind。166句意：这是学校教的东西，但父母可以通过给孩子读书或和孩子一起读书来帮助他们。根据“reading to and with their kids”可知，通过给孩子读书或和孩子一起读书来帮助他们，结合首字母提示，through符合句意。故填(t)hrough。167句意：在孩子很小的时候和他们一起读书可以给他们上学的时候一个良好的开端。根据“when they start school”可知，应该是在小时候和孩子一起读书，结合首字母提示，age符合句意。故填(a)ge。168句意：其次，Willingham说，这些流利的解
162、码器通常有很多关于世界的背景知识。根据上文“First”可知，这里应该是说第二点原因，结合首字母提示，second符合句意，首字母大写。故填(S)econd。169句意：一个孩子或一个成年人是否理解一篇文章的主要观点是他们对这个话题已经知道多少。分析句子结构可知，they already know about the topic中know缺少宾语，结合首字母提示，much符合句意。故填(m)uch。170句意：但重点应该是帮助孩子们在当下发现其中的内在价值。在那之后，其他的好事情会来的。根据句意可知，帮助孩子发现内在价值，结合首字母提示，value符合句意。故填(v)alue。（十九） 请认真
163、阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式,使短文通顺。Many Chinese people go abroad to travel, to study, and even to live on their own. People should learn about the cultures they visit because some of the cultures are very d 171 from ours. If you know them and understand them, it will help you a lot. Talk
164、ing about the weather and sports is a good way to s 172 a conversation. But when you talk to westerners, you shouldnt ask their age because it is not p 173 . Also, you should not ask about how much money they make every month, not even with someone you know well. In p 174 places like museums and lib
165、raries, you shouldnt eat or drink when others are q 175 looking at art works or reading books. When you visit a western country and you want to give someone a small g 176 or flowers, be careful to choose the right c 177 of flowers. This is because in some countries white flowers are for the dead.Whe
166、n you receive a gift from someone, r 178 to write a thank you note to express your thankfulness. Using polite language will never be w 179 . The most important thing to remember is that wherever you are, respect the local c 180 . It may not be the same as the one in your home country, but you should
167、 try your best to learn about it and respect it.【答案】171different 172start 173polite 174public 175quietly 176gift 177colour 178remember 179wrong 180culture【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述在西方文化交往中一些与中国文化相不同的地方。最重要的是，不管身处哪里，都要尊重当地文化。171句意：人们应该学习他们所参观的地方的文化，因为一些文化跟我们的非常不一样。根据前后单词可知，考查词组be different from。故答案为differen
168、t。172句意：谈论天气和体育是开启一段对话的好方式。西方人开始聊天的话题一般都和天气或者运动相关，start a conversation表示开启一段对话。故答案为start。173句意：你不该问他们年龄，因为这样不礼貌。因为西方人比较注重个人隐私，年龄问题属于比较私密问题，问对方年龄不礼貌。故答案为polite。174句意：在公众场所如博物馆和图书馆。博物馆和图书馆都属于公共场合public place。故答案为public。175句意：当别人在安静地欣赏着艺术作品或者看书时，你不应该吃东西或者喝饮料。在博物馆或图书馆一般都要求安静，不能影响别人。故答案为quietly。176句意：当你去
169、西方国家，你想给某个人一个小礼物或者鲜花。根据后文“When you receive a gift from someone”可知，此处开始谈论送礼物和收礼物的一些注意点。故答案为gift。177句意：小心点，选择正确颜色的花。根据后文“This is because in some countries white flowers are for the dead.”，因为白色的话代表死亡，所以不同颜色的花具有不同的含义。故答案为colour。178句意：当你从他人那里收到礼物，记得写一封感谢信来表达你的谢意。根据句意和首字母提示可知，本句考查词组remember to do sth.记得去做
170、某事。故答案为remember。179句意：使用礼貌的语言永远不会错。根据句意和首字母提示可知，在中西方人际交往中，语言礼貌都是恰当行为，所以不会错。故答案为wrong。180句意：最重要的事情就是记住，不管你身处何方，尊重当地文化。本文主要讲述西方文化中人际交往的一些注意点，其实不管去哪里，尊重当地文化总不会出错。故答案为culture。（二十） 根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）The writer of the novel Robinson Crusoe is Defoe, who is
171、an E 181 novelist. Robinson Crusoe was w 182 in 1719. It tells us a story about a man shipwrecked(船只失事) alone on an island. The famous story of Robinson Crusoe can be divided into three p 183 : Robinsons youth and the time up to his shipwrecked; his twenty-eight y 184 on an island alone; his life an
172、d adventures after b 185 rescued (营救)from the island.Robinson wished to pursue his livelihood (追求生活) by going to sea. His family dont a 186 with him, especially his father. But he i 187 on doing so and has some success. But a third voyage (航行) ends in slavery. He finally escapes and is helped to Bra
173、zil where he becomes a successful plantation owner. Later, he explores on the sea and is taken to an island because of a terrible storm. The people on the ship are dead e 188 him.Robinsons life on the island begins; he makes some things with his hands and brain. And he saves a native person c 189 Fr
174、iday. Friday becomes his servant. They live together u 190 they are found by others. Finally, he leaves the island and returns his hometown.【答案】181English 182written 183parts 184years 185being 186agree 187insists 188except 189called 190until【详解】文章介绍的是有关鲁滨逊漂流记的创作背景/作者的一些事情以及故事情节。181句意：小说鲁滨逊漂流记的作者是英国小
175、说家笛福。根据句意理解及常识可知，这里表达的是“英国的”，英语是English，故答案为English。182句意：鲁滨逊漂流记写于1719年。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“写”，英语是write，而句子主语与动词之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动结构，而空格前有was，所以这里直接用过去分词就可以，故答案为written。183句意：鲁滨逊漂流记的著名故事可分为三个部分。根据句意理解及文章后部分内容可知，这里指的是“部分”，英语是part，而空格前有three修饰，所以这里应该用复数形式，故答案为parts。184句意：他独自在一个岛上度过的二十八年。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“二十八年”
176、，这里应该填year，而空格前面有twenty-eight，所以这里应该用复数形式，故答案为years。185句意：他从岛上获救后的生活和冒险。根据句意理解可知，这里是表示“被救”，所以这里应该用被动结构，而空格前是介词after，所以这里应该用动名词的被动结构，故答案为being。186句意：他的家人不同意他的意见，尤其是他父亲。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“同意”，英语中表达“同意某人的意见”的结构是agree with，所以这里应该填agree，空格前有dont助动词，所以这里填原形，故答案为agree。187句意：但他坚持这样做，并取得了一些成功。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“坚持
177、”，英语是insist on，本文是描述故事的内容，可以用一般现在时。而句子主语是he，是第三人称，所以动词应该用三单形式，故答案为insists。188句意：船上的人都死了，除了他。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“除之外”，英语是except，表示不包括除去的部分，故答案为except。189句意：他救了一个叫Friday的本地人。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“叫作”，英语是call，而native person与call之间是被动关系，所以这里应该用过去分词表被动，在句中做定语，故答案为called。190句意：他们住在一起直到被别人发现。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“直到”，英语是until，是一个时间状语从句的连词，故答案为until。
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