1、第1部分 英语知识运用 模块1 语法基础A 语境考查类 专题5 定语从句 目 录 600分考点 完全掌握 考点12 关系代词 考点13 关系副词 700分考法 完美对应 考法1 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法 考法2 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 易混知识 易错清单 易混1 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 易混2 定语从句与其他从句的混淆 易混3 定语从句中的主谓一致 易混4 way后的定语从句的引导词 600分考点 完全掌握 考点12 关系代词 分考点1 关系代词的用法 分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法 分考点3 关系代词as和which的区别 分考点4 “介词
2、+关系代词”的用法 分考点1 关系代词 分考点1 关系代词 分考点1 关系代词 分考点1 关系代词 关系代词在从句中作宾语时一般可省略,但其前有介词时一般不可省略。分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法(1)先行词是不定代词 all,few,little,much,something,everything,nothing,anything 等时。All that we have to do now is to practice English.现在我们不得不做的就是练习英语。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was som
3、eoneelses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的情况Point 1分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法(2)先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same,all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰时。It is the very book that I want to read.它正是我想读的书。Ive eaten up all the food that you gave me.我已经吃光了你给我的所有食物。【特别注意】先行
4、词被the same修饰时,如果表示同一事物,应用the same that;但如果表示相同的种类,则用the same as。This is the same pen that I used yesterday.这就是我昨天用的那支钢笔。(that表示同一支钢笔)This is the same pen as I used yesterday.这支钢笔和我昨天用的那支一样。(as表示同类的钢笔)分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法 分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法(3)先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级所修饰时。The first letter
5、that I get from him will be kept.我收到的他的第一封来信将被保存起来。This is the best(way)that is used to solve the problem.这是解决这个问题的最好办法。分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法(4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。She took photographs of the things and people that shewas interested in.她把她所感兴趣的人和物拍摄下来。分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法(5)若先行词是主句的表语,或关系代词在从句中
6、作表语时。Shenzhen is no longer the city that it used to be.深圳不再是过去的那个样子了。The school is quite different from the one that it used to be.这所学校已经与从前截然不同了。分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法(6)当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that is giving us the class?给我们上课的那个人是谁?Which of the books is the one that belongs t
7、o you?这些书中哪一本是你的?【特别注意】在双重定语从句中,如果一个从句用which引导,则另一个从句用that引导。They built up a factory which produced things that had never been seenbefore.他们建了一个工厂,这个工厂生产的东西人们以前从未见过。(第一个定语从句由which引导,第二个定语从句由that引导)分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用法 当先行词指物时,定语从句中关系代词只用 which不用 that 的情况Point 2(1)引导非限制性定语从句时,只用which,不用that。A coi
8、n is put into the cake,which signifies success in the New Year for the person who receives it.往蛋糕里放一枚硬币,这预示着拿到这块蛋糕的人在新的一年里会取得成功。安徽2015(2)关系代词指物,且前有介词时,只用which,不用that。This is the college in which I am studying.这是我正就读的大学。分考点3 关系代词as和which的区别 as 引导的非限制性定语从句,既可放在主句前,又可放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能
9、置于主句后。As we know,the earth is round.正如我们所知,地球是圆的。After graduating from college,I took some time off to go traveling,which turned out to be a wise decision.大学毕业以后,我抽出了一些时间去旅行,后来证明这是个明智的决定。四川 Point 1分考点3 关系代词as和which的区别 as和which引导非限制性定语从句时,as引导的从句主要起承接上文的作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如”;which意为“这一点
10、”,引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句,补充说明事物的状态或结果。As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.正如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。He was always late,which made his teacher very angry.他经常迟到,这使他的老师很生气。Point 2He won the first prize,as is expected.正如预料的一样,他得了一等奖。特别注意as多用于下列习惯用语中:as is often the case 是常有的事as is well-known/known to all 众所周知as
11、 is expected 正如所预料的那样as has been said before 正如前文所述as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的分考点3 关系代词as和which的区别 分考点3 关系代词as和which的区别 当先行词被 as,so,such,the same 修饰时,关系代词常用as。Thats as good a place as I can find.这是我能找到的好地方。Ive never heard such stories as he told.我从未听说过像他讲的这种故事。Point 3如果从句中缺成分(主语、宾语或表语),则判断为定语从句,用a
12、s作引导词;如果从句中不缺成分,则为结果状语从句,用that引导。She is such a clever girl as everyone likes.她是一个人见人爱的聪明女孩。(likes后缺宾语,所以是定语从句,关系代词as作likes的宾语)She is such a clever girl that everyone likes her.她是那么聪明的一个女孩以至于每个人都喜欢她。(likes后有宾语her,所以是结果状语从句,that只起连词作用,不作句子成分)分考点3 关系代词as和which的区别 特别注意so/such as 引导的定语从句与so/such that 引导的
13、状语从句:分考点4“介词+关系代词”的用法“介词关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用 which或 whom,且不能省略。She still remembers the day on which she won the prize.她仍然记得她获奖的那一天。The man with whom she entered the hall was her husband.和她一起走进大厅的那位男子是她的丈夫。Point 1若介词不提前,位于定语从句的末尾时,引导词that/which/who/whom作介词的宾语时可以省略。This is the boy his parents are pro
14、ud of.这就是父母引以为豪的(that/whom/who)那个男孩。This is the pen(that/which)I wrote my homework with.这就是我写作业用的那支钢笔。分考点4“介词+关系代词”的用法 特别注意分考点4“介词+关系代词”的用法 归纳总结“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句中介词的确定:(1)根据从句中动词、形容词等与介词的习惯搭配来确定。Do you know the girl with/to whom the teacher talked just now?你认识刚才和老师谈话的那个女孩吗?(talk作“交谈”讲时,常与with或t
15、o搭配)(2)根据先行词在从句中的成分来确定。Ill never forget the days on which we worked together in thecountryside.我绝不会忘记我们在乡下一起工作的那些日子。(先行词days在定语从句中作时间状语,应用介词on)(3)根据语意表达的需要来确定。Knowledge is the wings with which we realize our dreams.知识是我们借以实现梦想的翅膀。(with表示用某种手段、工具)分考点4“介词+关系代词”的用法“介词短语+关系代词which”结构引导的定语从句,通常是非限制性定语从句,
16、从句常用倒装语序。He is studying in the classroom now,in front of which stand two trees.他现在正在那间教室里学习,教室前面有两棵树。Point 2分考点4“介词+关系代词”的用法“介词+which+名词”结构引导的定语从句。这类结构常见的有:during which time 在此期间at which time在这时at which point在这一时刻for which reason由于这个原因in which case在这一情况下Mother is preparing lunch,during which time ch
17、ildren are playingoutside.妈妈在准备午餐,在此期间,孩子们在外面玩。He may win the competition,in which case he is likely to get intothe national team.他可能会赢得这场比赛,如果这样的话,他就 有可能进入国家队。辽宁2013 Point 3分考点4“介词+关系代词”的用法“the+名词+of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句,一般为非限制性定语从句。该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词为所属关系。The newly-built cafe,the walls of which are p
18、ainted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,especially after hard work.新建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色,对我们来说,真是一个安 静的地方,特别是在辛苦工作后。江苏Point 4分考点4“介词+关系代词”的用法“表示部分的词语+of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。表示部分的词常见的有:不定代词(all,both,none,some,most,several等);数词(基数词、序数词、百分数、分数);the+形容词最高级/比较级。The growing speed of a plant is in
19、fluenced by a number of factors,most of which are beyond our control.植物的生长速度受很多因素的影响,其中大部分因素是我们无法 控制的。湖南 Point 5考点13 关系副词 考点13 关系副词 关系副词when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“表示时间的介词(in,at,on,during)+which”。He lived in a time when the blind couldnt get much education.在他生活的那个时代,盲人是接受不了什么教育的。2015重庆 The days are gone
20、 when physical strength was all you needed tomake a living.体力是谋生的唯一所需,这样的时代一去不复返了。天津 Point 1考点13 关系副词 关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“表示地点的介词(in,at,on,under)+which”。I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,where we enjoyeda splendid view of the lake.我和朋友一起登上了山顶,在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。陕西A bank is the p
21、lace where they lend you an umbrella in fairweather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.银行是在天晴之时借伞给你,到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。浙江Point 2若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词,如situation,point,stage,position等,且引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where或“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果引导词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,则用关系代词that/which引导。At last he got the position(that/which)h
22、e had been dreaming of.他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。I have come to the point where/at which I cant stand him.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。Hes got into the situation where/in which he is in debt.他已经陷入负债累累的境地。考点13 关系副词 特别注意考点13 关系副词 关系副词 why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于for which。Is this the reason why/for which he refused our offer?这是他拒
23、绝我们提议的理由吗?Do you know the reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗?Point 3 700分考法 完美应对 考法1 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法 考法2 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 考法1 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法 关系代词that/which/who/whom/as在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whose作定语,表所属关系;关系副词where/when/why在定语从句中作状语。做题时首先找准先行词,然后分析定语从句的成分,如果缺主语、宾语、表语,则用关系代词;如果缺
24、定语,则用whose;如果缺状语,则用关系副词或“介词+关系代词”。另外,考生应重点掌握that与which、as与which引导定语从句的区别。例 1 课标全国 201564改编【解析】设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填that或which。that或which句意为:我曾与桂林擦身而过,那是游客尽览灰岩群峰和漓江绿水的梦幻之境,是被艺术家在许多国画中描绘的地方。Id skipped nearby Guilin,adream place for tou
25、rists seekingthe limestone mountain tops anddark waters of the Li River_ are pictured by artistsin so many Chinese paintings.例 2 课标全国II 201324改编【解析】定语从句中stay为不及物动词,先行词为house,指地点,故用关系副词where引导定语从句,也可用in which替换。where句意为:当我到达的时候,布赖恩带我去看了我将要住的房子。When I arrived,Bryan took meto see the house _ I wouldbe
26、staying.考法2 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 解答此类题注意两点:(1)选择介词时,主要看与先行词、从句中谓语动词或形容词的搭配;(2)选择关系代词时,先行词是物,则只能用which;先行词是人,则只能用whom。例 1 安徽201528改编【解析】分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词是skill,关系代 词 可 用 that 或 which,但 dependupon(依靠,依赖,取决于)为固定短语,此处介词upon提前,而that不可以用在介词后,故填which。which句意为:一些专家认为,阅读是学校教育所依赖的一项基本技能。Some experts think
27、reading isthefundamentalskillupon_ school education depends.例 2 重庆201324改编【解析】先行词为40 people,定语从句中of缺少宾语,故使用whom。whom句意为:约翰邀请了大约40个人参加他的婚礼,其中大部分是家庭成员。John invited about 40 people tohis wedding,most of _ arefamily members.易错知识 易混清单 易混1 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 易混2 定语从句与其他从句的混淆 易混3 定语从句中的主谓一致 易混4 way后的定语从句的
28、引导词 易混1 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1)定语从句与并列句的混淆。判断句子是定语从句还是并列句,关键看题干中第二个句子前是否有and,but等并列连词或分号等。如果有,则为并列句;反之则为定语从句。例如:怀特先生有三个儿子,他们都很勇敢。Mr.White has three sons,all of whom are brave.(定语从句)Mr.White has three sons,and all of them are brave.(并列句)Mr.White has three sons;all of them are brave.(并列句)易混2 定语从句与其他从句的
29、混淆 此句还可表达为:Mr.White has three sons,all of them brave.(all of them brave为独立主格结构)(2)as引导的非限制性定语从句与what引导的主语从句以及it作形式主语时的主语从句的混淆。as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首时,其后面有逗号与主句隔开,as 既是引导词又在从句中作成分。what在引导的主语从句中既作成分又起连接作用。it在句中只作形式主语。易混2 定语从句与其他从句的混淆 例如:众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。As is known to us all,China is a developing country.(a
30、s引导非限制性定语从句)What is known to us all is that China is a developing country.(what引导主语从句)It is known to us all that China is a developing country.(it作形式主语,that从句是真正的主语)易混2 定语从句与其他从句的混淆(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。Mr.Smith,who is now downstairs,is asking to see you.史密斯先生要见你,他现在正在楼下。The Smiths,wh
31、o are now downstairs,are asking to see you.史密斯夫妇要见你,他们现在正在楼下。易混3 定语从句中的主谓一致(2)“(the)one of+复数名词”后接定语从句时,从句谓语动词单复数的判断:先行词为“one of+复数名词”时,从句的谓语动词用复数。Jack is one of the students who were awarded.杰克是获奖学生之一。先行词为“the(only/very/right)one of+复数名词”时,从句的谓语动词用单数。Jack is the only one of the students who was awa
32、rded.杰克是这些学生 中唯一一个获奖的。易混3 定语从句中的主谓一致(1)如果way作先行词,定语从句中缺少方式状语,则从句用in which或that引导,引导词也可省略。Please tell me the way(in which/that)you worked out the mathsproblems.请告诉我你解出这几道数学题的方法。(2)如果way作先行词,定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,则用which或that引导该从句。若引导词在定语从句中作宾语,也可以省略。I think the way (that/which)he told me is the best.我认为他告诉我的那个方法是最好的。易混4 way后的定语从句的引导词 敬请期待下一专题