1、2013届高三英语语法要点精讲（配最新高考+模拟）专题06 非谓语动词【考纲解读】非谓语动词是历年来的考查重点之一，因为它们结构复杂，功能繁多，也是考生难于掌握的语法点， 2012年的高考题中考查共有33题之多。考查重点主要有不定式的完成式、被动式、进行式、否定结构及省略形式；不定式和分词作后置定语的区别；只能接动名词的动词和接动名词、不定式有区别的动词的用法；动名词的被动用法及分词作为定语、状语、宾补的用法。尤其是作状语的用法，在非谓语动词的考题中占的比例最大；其次是非谓语动词作补语和宾语的用法，也占一定的比例。不管怎么考，基本上离不开非谓语动词的基本用法，只是题干的设置注重了句子结构的复杂
2、化和语境化。所以做非谓语动词题不仅要理清句子的结构，还要理解句子的意思。毋庸置疑，来年高考中，非谓语动词定是一个考查热点。 【知识要点】定义：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。分类：非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）一、动词不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、
3、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。1.不定式的时态及语态时态主动被动意义例句语态一般to doto be done与谓语动词同时发生或以后发生Im glad to see you.当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式须用被动形式。如：He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.This book is said to have been translated into many languages.进行to be doing表示谓语的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行He pretended to be reading
4、a book when I came in.完成to have doneto have been done先于谓语动作发生We seem to have met each other before.完成进行to have been doing先于谓语动作发生而又延续到谓语动作发生后He is said to have been studying abroad，but I dont know which country he is studying in.2.不定式的句法功能1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这
5、项工作很难。动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面一句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.2）作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作就是打扫大厅。3）作宾语：常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer，afford，ask，decide，expect，intend，等。如果不定式（宾语）后
6、面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.马克思认为研究俄国的形势很重要。动词不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to；否则就要带to。另外在cant choose but和cant help but等后面的不定式也省略to。如：I have no choice but to stay here.我别无选择只有待在这儿。动词不定式作动词tell，show，understand，expl
7、ain，teach，learn，advise，discuss等词的宾语时，前面常带疑问词。即：疑问词(how，when，where，what，who).+to do。如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些就如何学英语的建议。 4）作宾语补足语：动词不定式作动词feel,hear，see，watch，notice，observe等感官动词以及have,let，make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。但如果这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to符号。如：I saw him cross the road.我
8、看到他过了街道。He was seen to cross the road.他被看到过了街道。5）作定语：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：He has no place to live.他没有住的地方。This is the best way to work out this problem.这是解决这个问题的最好的办法。动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所
9、修饰名词有如下关系：当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have you got anything to send （你有什么东西要寄吗？不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”）Have you got anything to be sent （你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）用不定式作定语的几种情况不定式表将来I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了几本书在假期里读。用来修饰被序数词
10、、最高级或no,all，any等限定的中心词。如：He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奥运会上获得金牌的第一个女人。用于修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。如：Do you have the ability to read
11、 and write English 你具备读、写英语的能力吗？6）作状语表目的He worked day and night to get the money.为了挣钱，他日日夜夜的工作。注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：为了省钱，能用的方法都用上了。（)To save money, every means has been tried.()To save money, he has tried every means.表结果He arrived late to find the train gone.他来晚了，结果发现火车开走了。常用only放在不定式前表示强调：I visit
12、ed him only to find him out.我来拜访他，结果发现他出去了。表原因They were very sad to hear the news.听到这个消息他们非常伤心。表程度Its too dark for us to see anything.天太黑了，我们什么也看不清。The question is simple for him to answer.这道问题对他来说太容易回答了。作独立成分To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked.说实话，我不喜欢他说话的方式。3.不定式符号to的保留问题有时为了避免重复，
13、可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词后：expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，care，forget，want，try以及be glad/happy；would like/love等后面。如：I havent been to Hong Kong，but I wish to. 我没去过香港，但我想去。I didnt tell him the news. 我没有告诉他那消息。Oh，you ought to have.你应该告诉他的。4.动词不定式的几种特殊结构1）for sb.to do 还是of sb.to do “for+逻辑主语+不定式”结构称为不定式复
14、合结构，介词可用for或of。当形式主语句型中的表语是形容词，来描述不定式动作时，逻辑主语之前使用for；当它描述不定式的逻辑主语，说明其品质、特征或属性时，要用of，常见形容词有good，nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid，honest，kind，polite，careful，cruel，brave，crazy等。2)too . to结构在英语中，“too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”结构表示否定意义，意为“太而不能”。也可用so.that句型来表示，但that从句必须用否定形式。如：Youre too young to understand suc
15、h things.你太小了，还不能理解那些事情。=Youre so yong that you cant understand such things.注意：在下列场合下，too. to结构表示肯定意义：某些形容词与too.to 连用表示肯定意义，too相当于very much。这些形容词多是表示心情的词和描述性的形容词。如：ready，glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，eager，thankful，anxious，willing，good，kind，true等。 在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，too.t
16、o结构表示肯定意义。如：Im only too glad to meet you here again.再次见到你我太高兴了。二、动名词动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。1.动名词的形式：否定式：not+动名词1）一般式：Seeing is believing.眼见为实。2）被动式：He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Gua
17、ngzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。5）否定式：not+动名词I regret not following his advice.我后悔没听他的劝告。6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词He suggested our trying it once again.他建议我们再试一次。His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。2.动名词的句法功能：1）作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。Collecting
18、 stamps is interesting.集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。Its no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。2）作表语：In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。3）作宾语：They havent finished building the dam.他们还没有建好大坝。We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。注意：动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，
19、若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，如：We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid， excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, think o
20、f, dream of, be fond of, prevent.(from),keep .from, stop.(from）,protect.from, set about, be engaged in, spend.(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like4）作定语：He cant walk without a walkingstick.他没有拐杖不能走路。Is there a swimming pool in your school?你们
21、学校有游泳池吗？5）作同位语：The cave, his hidingplace is secret.那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。三、现在分词现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。1.现在分词的形式否定式：not+现在分词1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。如：They went to the park,
22、 singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。Having done his homework, he played basketball.做完作业，他开始打篮球。2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。The problem being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。2.现在
23、分词的句法功能：1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语放在名词后。In the following years he worked even harder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years 也可用in the years that followed;the man speaking to the teache
24、r可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.2）现在分词作表语：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。The present situation is inspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。be+doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词作表语，它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get,
25、 keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room？你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。4）现在分词作状语 作时间状语(While)Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。作原因状语Being a League member, he is always
26、helping others.由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。作方式状语，表示伴随He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他待在家里，又擦又洗。作条件状语(If)Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。作结果状语He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。作目的状语 He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。作让步状语Though rainin
27、g heavily, it cleared up very soon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。与逻辑主语构成独立主格 I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with (without)+名词（代
28、词宾格）+分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。作独立成分 Judging from(by)his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。Generally speaking, girls are more careful.一般说来，女孩子更细心。四、过去分词过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。过去分词的句法功能：1.过去分词作定语Our class went on an organized trip l
29、ast Monday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。2.过去分词作表语The window is broken.窗户破了。They were frightened at the sad sight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。注意：be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：The win
30、dow is broken.（系表）The window was broken by the boy.（被动）有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：boiled water（开水）fallen leaves（落叶）newly arrived goods（新到的货）the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界）这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。3.过去分词作宾语补足语 I heard the song sung several
31、 times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。有时过去分词作with短语中的宾语补足语：With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。4.过去分词作状语1）表示原因Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。2）表示时间Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。3）表示条件Given more time, Ill be able to
32、do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。4）表示让步Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。【考点诠释】考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别 英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病，
33、关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如： 1. The children (play) _ the violin over there will go on the stage next week. 根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children，谓语部分是will go 考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析 作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。 动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语；现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现
34、在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题： 1._tired of Toms all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself. A) To get B) To have got C) Getting D) Have got 一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首先可以确
35、定 这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”，故正确答案为C。 考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨 非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，那么，
36、当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，又会出现什么现象呢？请看下面例题： 1. The last bus (go)_, we had to walk home. 2. Weather (permit)_, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening. 这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语，请再看下面例题： 3. The work (finish) _, they may go home. 4. The problem (discuss) _ at the meeting- room now, the worke
37、rs had to wait outdoors. 同样，这两道题的结构也是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系以及非谓语动词所表示动作发生的时间性，可以判断正确答案分别为finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在进行)。 考点四、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握 非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特征，即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动
38、作正在进行)；如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如： _ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him. A) Heard B) Having heard C) Hear D) To hear 依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系，以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓
39、语动词“来”之前，由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为“听说Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”，故正确答案为B。 考点五、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变 非谓语动词（动词不定式或动名词）作主语主要考查其句式的转变，习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题： 1. It is an honour for me (be) _ your English teacher. 2. It is no use of us (wait) _ at home like this. 六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断 非谓语动词作定语主要考
40、查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态；用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。 例如： 1. The boy (cry)_ over there is my younger brother. 依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的
41、主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。 【试题放送】【2012江西卷】33Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.AspeakingBhaving spokenCto speakDto have spoken【答案】C【考点】 非谓语动词。【解析】不定式表目的，又因D选项时态错误，故选C。【2012江西卷】35John has really got the job because he showed me the offic
42、ial letter him it.AofferedBofferingCto offerDto be offered【答案】B【考点】非谓语动词【解析】此处offer的逻辑主语为空格前名词letter，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴随，故选B。 【2012湖南卷】31. The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. startingB. being startedC. to startD. to be started【答案】A【考点】
43、本题考查非谓语动词的用法。【解析】根据last night可知start已经发生，故排除C、D（不定式常表将来），B（being done）一般表进行，也排除。非谓语动词的主动语态和被动语态 现在分词作定语 【2012湖南】23. Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank. A. to useB. usedC. usingD. use【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】因为本句已有谓语动词is，且没有连词或引导词，故排除谓语形式D；而time与use为被动关系，所以选B。谓语与非谓语动词 过去分词作条件状语或时间状语 表被动 【2012湖南】21.
44、Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success. A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do【答案】C【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】因为work与do为被动关系，而need后表被动用-ing的主动形式表被动含义，或用不定式的被动形式，故选C。谓语与非谓语动词 不定式的被动语态 作宾语 短语need to be done。 【2012重庆卷】31. Before you quit your job, _how your family would f
45、eel about your decision.A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered【答案】A【考点】祈使句用法【解析】结合选项来分析句子结构，逗号前为时间状语从句，后面实际上是一个祈使句。由此可知，A选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为A选项。【2012重庆卷】28. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will in the future of our company.A. to be made B. being made
46、 C. made D. having been made【答案】 A 【考点】非谓语动词【解析】分析句子结构可知，空白处为后置定语，与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系，而且是将要发生的动作。由此可知，表示被动和将来的A选项符合题意。B表示被动进行，C表示被动完成，D表示被动完成，但是不作定语。因此，正确答案为A选项。【2012重庆卷】23._to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked【答案】A【考点】非
47、谓语动词用法【解析】逗号前为原因状语，空白处与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可排除表示主动关系的B和C选项，D选项常作目的和结果状语，不作原因状语，也可排除，而A选项为现在分词完成式的被动形式，可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随状语等。因此，正确答案为A选项。【2012辽宁卷】29. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate【答案】D【考点】非谓语动词 【解析】在句型
48、“主语+be+adj+to do”中，如果这个主语是动词do的逻辑宾语，故用主动表被动，所以选D。【2012辽宁卷】25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows【答案】B【考点】非谓语动词【解析】with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿pet dog与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following.【2012四川卷】6. Tom took
49、a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found【答案】 B 【考点】本题考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为：汤姆乘的士赶到机场，结果只发现他要乘坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。此处only后接动词不定式to do表示意想不到的结果。故选B。【2012四川卷】8. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wi
50、nd B. wind C. winding D. wound【答案】 C 【考点】本题考查非谓语动词。【解析】此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。【2012四川卷】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash【答案】 A 本题考查非谓语动词。【考点】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。【解析】此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash
51、之间为被动关系，构成短语：get sth. done。故答案选A。句意为：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。【2012四川卷】16. I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely wont make _ difference to me.A. that a big B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a 【答案】 D 【考点】本题考查副词用法。【解析】副词that表示“那么”修饰形容词的固定短语为：that + adj. （+ a/ an + n.），相当于so及how的用法，即that(so/ how) big a differ
52、ence 那么（如此/多么）大的一个分别（影响）。故选D。【2012陕西卷】15._ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD. Stand【答案】A 【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】非谓语动词短语后有逗号，说明非谓语动词做题干的状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语we，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系，且其动作与谓语动词wait的动作同时进行，用动词v-ing的一般式，选A。【2012陕西卷】22.If he takes on this wor
53、k, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet【答案】D 【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】所填词与前文构成固定句型have no choice but to do sth，故选D。【2012北京卷】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting【答案】 D【考点】考查并列结构。【解析】并列
54、结构，making与correcting并列。【2012北京卷】27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use【答案】 C【考点】非谓语动词考点。【解析】此处tin和use是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。【2012全国II】15. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. w
55、atched D. to have watched【答案】A【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。【解析】此处happy to watch anything that happened to be on作sat的目的状语。句意：那位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，高兴地看要上演的任何节目。【2012全国II】10. Tony lent me the money, _that Id do as much for him.A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped【答案】A【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。【解析】此处现在分词短语hoping that Id do a
56、s much for him作伴随状语。句意：Tony借给我了钱，希望我加倍还他。【2012北京卷】32. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _ away.A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay【答案】A【考点】非谓语考点，目的状语用不定式。11. 【2012天津卷】He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched.【C】 A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having
57、 left【2012全国新课程】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to【答案】D【解析】此处是被省略的时间状语从句，其相当于：when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting. 这里film和compare之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。又因为主语一致，
58、所以film被省略。句意：电影的历史短的多，尤其是当它和像音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。【2012全国新课程】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit【答案】A【解析】此处主句的主语party 和weather不一致，所以weather保留，作permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。另外，weather与permit之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。【考点】考查
59、现在分词的独立主格结构。【2012山东卷】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide【答案】B【解析】此处动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。句意为：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。【2012山东卷】26. George returne
60、d after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being toldD. told 【答案】A【解析】此处only to do/be done表示意料之外的结果；现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。这里George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。句意：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了。【考点】考查不定式短语作结果状语。【2012福建卷】22.一 Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?$4,00
61、0, or like that.A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing【考点】本题考查不定代词用法【答案】C 【解析】something like that 意为“大致如此，差不多这样”，something在本句中是表示不确定的描述或数量，“大致，左右”的意思。比如：She called at something after ten oclock.她10点多钟来过电话。It tastes something like melon. 这吃起来有点像甜瓜。They pay six pounds an hour. Something lik
62、e that. 他们按每小时六英镑付费。大致如此。【2012福建卷】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked【考点】本题考查固定词组搭配【答案】C【解析】prevent sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，
63、本句中的fishing boats和attack是被动关系，所以选择C项，句意：中国最近加紧黄岩岛的水域控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海被袭击。【2012福建卷】34. Pressed from his parents, and _that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizingB. realized C. to realize D. being realized【考点】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。【答案】A【解析】首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非
64、谓语动词做状语，主语与press是被动关系，但是与realize是主动，“被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。本题考查非谓语动词的难度挺大，主要是很多学生看到pressed后就不知道realize在句中做什么成分，所以本题关键有两个，一个是and并列的成分是什么，然后就是realize与主语the boy的关系。【2012浙江卷】11. Its a such nice place, Mother said as she sat at the table_ for customs.A. to be reserved B. Living reserved C
65、. reservingD. reserved【考点】非谓语过去分词【答案】D【解析】reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。【2012浙江卷】8. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should cither study regularly or_his job.A. quitsB. to quitC. quittingD. quit【考点】并列结构【答案】D【解析】 eitheror+并列结构，前后形式上保持一致，
66、由此与study相呼应，故答案选D，用动词原形。【2012浙江卷】3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its bettersilent.A. remainB. be remainingC. having remained D. to remain【考点】非谓语不定式【答案】D【解析】it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式：to remain silent. 可归结为句型：it is +形容词/名词+to do/that。当然it也可以做形式宾语，如find/feel it +to do/that.。 【
67、2012江苏卷】31.an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.A. BasedB. BasingC. BaseD. To base【考点】非谓语动词动词现在分词做状语【答案】B【解析】动词base与逻辑主语you之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故选B项。【2012安徽卷】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and
68、 rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked【答案】B【考点】本题考查非谓语动词，【解析】此处逻辑主语是Philip, 还原句子 When Philip was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 【2012安徽卷】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn
69、off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 【答案】D【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】此处Remember后面既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，如果选择A，这与后面的before I left the office是相矛盾的，只能选择答案A. C 和D 都是完成时，他们表示比主句动词发生的时间更早，没有必要。【2012届河北省普通高考模拟】30The 30th Olympic Games，officially_as“London 2012 Olympic Games”，will take pla
70、ce from July 27 to August 12 A. know B. to know C. known D. knowing【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处相当于：which are officially known as “London 2012 Olympic Games”。【2012届保定市高三第一次模拟】29. Prices began to climb noticeably last year，_a historical high in November.A. hit B. to hit C. hitting D. being hit【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语
71、动词的用法。此处hitting a historical high in November 作结果状语。句意：物价去年开始明显攀升，到11月达到历史新高。【2012届北京海淀区高三一模】26. Some seemingly harmless blogs might become harmful when _ on the Internet by millions of people.A. to read B. reading C. read D. being read【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。空格在句中，且句中没有逗号，需要从空格往前找名词与动作一起分析主被动关系，这里只能找到一个名词
72、blogs。blogs和选项动作read的关系当然是被动，所以排除A选项和C选项。D选项表示正在被或一直被，要求出现特殊的时间概念提示，此处没有，所以排除。本题的原文完全不知道命题者想表示什么意思，博客本无害，读的人多了，就有害了，什么逻辑啊【2012届北京海淀区高三一模】34. _ the housing price, several measures have been adopted in the last two years.A. Lowering B. Having lowered C. To lower D. To have lowered 【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词题。空格
73、挖在句首，后面有逗号，要关注逗号后面的句子中主语名词和动词的主被动关系。此处后面的名词是measures措施，和降低的关系是主动的，而这里四个选项都是主动的。再看四个选项的区别，A选项和B选项表示已经发生，C选项和D选项则表示未发生的目的，后面只说到采取了一些措施，没有措施最后的结果，即没有发生，所以排除A选项和B选项。D选项出现have，非谓语动词中只要有have出现，一定表示动作的先后关系，有have的动作在前，主句动作在后，这里明显降低房价不能在采取措施之前，所以排除D选项。比较以下的句子：Having lowered the housing price, the measures ha
74、ve been proved effective. 请自己理解为什么这里是having lowered。【2012届江西省上饶市第一次高考模拟】25I wish that the elderly would live in comfort without worry or health problems in the years they have Aleft Bleaving Cto leave Dbeing left 【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处years是先行词，they have left是定语从句。【2012届四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟】14Friends are
75、 like leaves, _ everywhere, but true friends are like diamonds, precious and rareAto find Bfinding Cfound Dbeing found【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：朋友就像树叶到处都能被找到。过去分词表被动。【2012届四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟】18Its reported that 289 more trains were added _ passengers on Sunday to meet the needs of those _ home for the Spr
76、ing FestivalAto take; returning Btaking; returningCtaken; to return Dtake: returned【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。第一空289车次列车被加开用来运输旅客，to take表目的；第二空现在分词短语作定语，是主动关系。【2012届河南省郑州市高三第二次质量预测】31. Shanghai Disneyland Park, _ in 2015 , will attract tourists from all over China then.A. to have been completedB. being co
77、mpletedC. completedD. to be completed【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处不定式的被动式表示将来的动作且是被动，相当于非限制性定语从句。【2012届江西省六校联考】28. up early in the morning to have a walk, I am sure, you are likely to feel active all dayAGet BHaving got CGetting DTo get【答案】 C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。 这里的Getting up early in the morning to have a walk
78、相当于条件状语从句 If you get up early in the morning to have a walk,句意：“如果你早上起得早去散散步的话，你一天都会感到精神”。【2012届河北省邯郸市高三第一次模拟考试】24. I appreciated the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. A. to have given B. to have been given C. having given D. having been given 【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。解题关键：appreciate后加动名词，根据句意应是
79、被给，故用动名词完成时的被动式。句意：两年前我很珍惜给我出国留学的机会。【2012届河北省邯郸市高三第一次模拟考试】30. Joe won the first prize on Sunday and, tears rolling down his cheeks, it a turning point for him.A. called B. calling C. having called D. to call【答案】A【解析】考查动词的正确形式。此处空中应填的词与won并列，故选called。此处是并列谓语。【2012届甘肃省高三第一次高考诊断】11Chinadaily. com. cn i
80、s the largest English portal site in China, news, business information and learning materials Ato provide Bproviding Cprovided Dwhich provide【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：中国日报网站是中国最大的英语网站，它提供新闻、商业信息、和学习材料。此处site和provid之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。【2012届贵州师大附中高三年级检测】17. When the customer caught the shop owner _ him, she
81、 stopped _ things there and started dealing with another shop. A. cheating; to buy B. to cheat; buyingC. cheating; buyingD. to cheat; to buy【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。第一空catch后用动名词的形式；第二空表示停止从那里买东西。【2012届山西太原五中4月月考】24. - Whom did you _ the wall? - Jack. There_ masses of things for him to do, but he managed
82、 to finish the work as required.A. have painted; wasB. have paint; wereC. have to paint; wereD. have paint; was【答案】B【解析】考查have的用法及主谓一致。第一空的陈述句为：you had whom paint the wall。改为问句即为：Whom did you have paint the wall？第二空主语是复数，故用were。【2012届山西太原五中4月月考】 26. -Where is Mom? - She is downstairs _ prepared for
83、the tea party. A. to get B. gettingC. to be getting D. having got【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处表示进行时故用is getting 的形式。【2012届山西太原五中4月月考】34. During the days _, he made great progress in learning English. A. following B. followedC. to followD. that followed【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处that followed为定语从句。句意：在随后的日子里，他在学
84、英语方面取得了进步。【2012届江苏省苏、锡、常、镇四市高三调研测试（一）】22. As workers and as citizens, we need to be able to think beyond our own self-interest and _ what is right under the circumstances.A. doing B. to do C. have done D. done【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处空中所填词与to think并列，故选B。【2012届江苏省苏、锡、常、镇四市高三调研测试（一）】30. _, I can see tha
85、t those terrible events shaped me into the person I am today. A. Having looked back B. Looking backC. Being looking back D. To be looking back【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处I和look之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：回顾过去，我看到的那些可怕的事件把我塑造成现在这个样子。【2012届江苏省苏、锡、常、镇四市高三调研测试（一）】33. - I dont think its _ to the ceiling very securely. -
86、 Dont worry. It wont_.A. fixing; drop B. fixed; drop C. fixing; be dropped D. fixed; be dropped【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词及时态。句意：-我认为它没有被安全地固定在天花板上。-别担心。它不会掉的。【2012届吉林省吉林市高三第二次模拟】31. I think it a great honor _ to visit your country.A. to invite B. invitingC. having invited D. to be invited【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。不定式用
87、作真正的主语，根据句义应为被动。【2012届吉林省吉林市高三第二次模拟】34. Mary had to go to a meeting，so she left her children _ at home.A. playing B. playedC. to play D. having played【答案】A. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。解题关键：leave sb doing sth使某人做某事（强调处于某种状态），现在分词表主动进行。【2012届山东省菏泽重点高中高三下学期4月模拟】22. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not
88、 _, and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处not moving与谓语动词stood同时发生，和主语I是主动关系，表示“站了一会,没有动弹”。动词-ed形式作状语表示被动。不定式常作目的状语。动词-ing形式的被动式表示正在被做的动作。【2012届广西桂林市、崇左市、百色市、防城港市高考联合调研】31Dont you think the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008 was a
89、great success?AholdBholdingCheldDto be held【答案】C【解析】考查过去分词作定语。2008年奥运会已经过去而且是被举行，故用held。【河南省郑州市2012届英语信息卷（三）】3.The celebration gathering_ the10th anniversary of Macaos return to the motherland were held here on Sunday.A. to mark B. marks C. marking D. marked【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。 句意为“星期天，标志澳门回归十周年的庆典在这里
90、召开。”the celebration gathering和mark为主动关系，因此用现在分词表示主动并作定语。【2012届浙江杭州重点高中原创模拟】5. In 1863, President Lincoln issued a declaration calling for the last Thursday of November_ as a day of thanksgiving.A. being observed B. observed C. observing D. to be observed【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语。the last Thursday of November
91、与observe 之间是动宾关系，又所表示动作是将来时，所以用不定式的被动语态做宾补。句意为：在1863年，林肯总统签署了一个宣言，主张把每年十一月的最后一个星期四定位感恩节。故选D。【2012届浙江杭州重点高中原创模拟】11. - You may make more mistakes if your paper is left_. - Thanks a lot. And would you give me some advice on how to polish it?A. being unchecked B. to be unchecked C. to check D. unchecked【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。leave sth +宾补，这里用unchecked 来对助于进行补充说明。句意为：你可能会犯更多的错误，如果你的文章不加检查的话。非常感谢。你能给我一些如何修改它的建议吗？故选D。