1、专题02 代词、名词上海中考代词语法考察考点分布比较广，比如人称代词的主格和宾格的问题，两种不同性质的代词用法和区别，反身代词的用法和搭配，尤其是不定式的用法要特别注意。中考名词的考查也是中考最大考向之一，名词的数、格考查较少，主要在完形填空中考查名词词义辨析，考查单词意义的辨识，用法上的辨异，语境应用。此外，涉及名词的词性转变是上海中考又一个重点考向。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧。以助高效复习。考点考向考法/命题角度代词1反身代词在短语中的用法：e.g. help oneself to sth. enjoy oneself等2.不定代词both, neither, all
2、, none, either用法区分。3.不定代词something, anything, nothing等和形容词的位置关系，必须放在形容词前。4. little, few, a little, a few, much, many等词用法区分。5. it, one, that, those表示指代作用时的用法区分。重点：人称代词，物主代词及不定代词等的应用。易错点：It, one/ones, that/those作替代词时的区别1. it特指上文提到的同一对象，是同一事物。如：I have a new schoolbag. Its very nice.我有一个新书包。它很漂亮。2. one泛
3、指上文提及的同类事物中的一个(表示几个时用ones)，同类而不同物。如：I have lost my umbrella. I think I must buy one.我的伞丢了，我想我必须买一把。3. that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词，以避免重复；若代替前面提到的可数名词复数，则用those。如：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.冬天，北京的天气比广州的天气冷。名词1、名词的单复数变化；2、可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达；名词的所有格；双重格；3、名词与冠词或者数
4、词的搭配，名词的数量修饰语，名词作定语，4、名词在固定短语中的使用，在特定语境中对合适名词的辨析。（上海中考近5年11考; 完形填空中涉及词义辨析）在近几年的考试中，对名词的考查，重心放在了词义辨析及词性转变上，对于名词部分的复习，应当加强关注这方面训练。1、将名词转换为动词例：Always remember that no one can _ without working hard. (success)2、将名词转换为形容词例：I hope this reference book has been _ in answering your questions. (help) 考向一 名词的用
5、法及主要考点高频易混易错梳理/归纳名词的词义辨析及词性转化1、同类名词词义辨析A. doctorB.engineer C.writer D.scientist2、不同类名词词义辨析A. sign B. need C. reasonD. change3、名词的词性转化safe-safety; long-length; honest-honestyprove-proof; complain-complaint名词的数1、规则的可数名词1）一般加s2）以 s，sh，ch，x结尾的加 es 3）辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 ies 4）以 o 结尾的词 +es; 以 o 结尾 +s 5）以f，fe
6、结尾的多数为-ves; 以f，fe 结尾的少数直接 + s 1. teachers, books,2. classes，dishes, matches, boxes3. cities，countries，parties，factories4. (1) heroes，Negroes，tomatoes，potatoes(2) radios，zoos，bamboos，pianos，kilos，photos5. (1) leaves，lives，wives，knives，halves，wolves(2) roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs2、 不规则的可数名词1）单复数词形相近2
7、）fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes：3）以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时 4）单复数相同1.manmen, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, childchildren, mousemice2. There are many kinds of fishes in that lake.3.man servantmen servants；woman doctorwomen doctors. (*boy/girl students)4. sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works3、
8、复合名词1. son-in-law-sons-in-law 2. looker-onlookers-on4、字母,阿拉伯数字1. There are two ls in the word “ all ”.2. Your 7s and 9s look alike.3. It happened in the 1960s /1960s.4. I will not accept your ifs and buts.5、定冠词加姓氏的复数the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs6、集体名词class, family, population, team, crew 1. The
9、 class is big.-The class are taking notes in English.2. The population in China is large.- 80% of the population in China are peasants.7、以s 结尾的学科名词mathematics , physics, politics, news8、glasses， trousers类1. Where are my glasses ？2. My new pair of trousers is too long.3. Here are some new pairs of sh
10、oes.9、不可数名词表示“一个”时 1. a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal2. a bottle of ink10、常考不可数名词 information, weather, news, advice, fun，etc.名词的所有格1. 一般加s(1)复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 s (2)表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加s(3)表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加s(4)名词短语只在最后一个词后加 s1.my sister-in-laws brot
11、her.2.This is Tom, James and Dicks room.3.Jennys, Jeans and Marys rooms face （to the） south.4.a quarter of an hours talk2. 有时加of1）凡不能用s的情况可用 of表示所属关系2)当名词有较长的定语时： 1. the City of New York. 2. a map of China.3. the name of the girl standing at the gate.4. Have you read the articles of the students who
12、 were with us yesterday？3. 双重所有格 当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时 1. a poem of Lu Xuns 2. a friend of his/hers 3. Which novel of Dickens are you reading ?4. some friends of my brothers 4几种特殊情况1. the key to th
13、e door 2. answers to the question3. the entrance to the station / cinema4. tickets for the film / movie名词的词义辨析1.（2017上海中考真题）I dont think there is ever a good reason to lie to our childrenChildren learn honesty from the they seeAFilmsBDetailsCExamplesDteachers2.（2018上海中考真题）As you know,teachers always
14、 put the _ of students above anything else.A)actions B)needs C)records D)attitudes3.（2019上海中考真题）These werent stopped by their age or size or lack of resources ，they saw a_ in the world around them and to step hep where they could.A. signB. needC. reasonD. change4.（2020上海中考真题）The book shows them，thro
15、ugh other kids stories，how they can make a _，too.A. planB. mistakeC. decisionD. difference5.（2020上海中考真题）Find the right so that your efforts will work well.AtimeBplaceChabitDskill6.（2021上海中考真题）A walk in the countryside and a careful look at can help. AsocietyBnatureCpicturesDadvertisements7.（2022上海中考
16、真题）Wu Mengchao, a great and ordinary, _ saved lots of patients with his magic hands.A)doctorB)engineer C)writerD)scientist8.（2022上海中考真题）She believed in facts and observation. In order to explain those “strange” events, she did some _.A. exercisesB. drawingsC. reviewsD. experiments9. （2021上海中考真题）Last
17、 week, my friend and I watched an exciting 4 D film in the _ and it made us feel so real.A) familyB)treeC)cinema D)dream10. （2019上海中考真题）When you walk along the_, you should be careful with the cars around you.A) streetB) bridge C) riverD) hill11.（2018上海中考真题）-Could you tell me the _ of making such a
18、fantastic model car?-Well, I just followed the steps in the video.A)cultureB)influenceC)impressionD)method名词的数与格1（2018上海中考真题）Its five _ walk from my new house to the underground station.(minute)2.（2019上海中考真题）I couldnt get much of the exhibition of clean-energy products from the website.A. newsB. pho
19、tosC. postersD. advertisements3.（2017上海中考真题）Did the policeman give much _ on how to protect personal information？AnoteBtipCadviceDbook4（2020秋上海虹口九年级上海市民办新复兴初级中学校考期中）The government should pay more attention to protecting _ basic rights. （city）5（2022秋九年级单元测试）I really believe that to feed pets can chan
20、ge _ life.（person）名词的词性转化1（2022春上海黄浦九年级上海外国语大学附属大境初级中学校考期中）Some interesting things came up in our _ yesterday. (discuss)2（2022春上海黄浦九年级上海外国语大学附属大境初级中学校考期中）The great _ is respected by the world. (art)3（2022春上海徐汇九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）Melodys parents always tell her to make a _ by herself. (decide)4（2022秋九年级单元
21、测试）Although they are twins, they have different _. (person)5（2022春上海长宁九年级统考期中）Last summer, I went on a trip to _ with my father. It was great fun. (German)考向二 代词的用法及主要考点高频易混易错梳理/归纳 代词1. 人称代词（1）在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。（2）They也可用来泛指某一些人（3）she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等（4）注意并列主语排序问题1. He is taller than I am.2
22、. He is more intelligent than her.3. They dont allow us to smoke here. 这儿不让抽烟。4. I think England will do what she promised to do. 我想英国会履行她的诺言。5. You, she and I will be in charge of the case.6. He and she still dont agree to the plan.2. 物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheirmineyourshishersitsoursyourstheir
23、s3. 反身代词by oneself, for oneself, enjoy oneself, hurt oneself, teach oneself, etc.4. 相互代词each other与one another1. He put all the books beside each other/one another. 2. Usually these small groups were independent of each other. 5. 指示代词this 与thatA: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂，我是鲍勃。 B: Whos that, p
24、lease? 请问是哪位？(美语用Whos it?或Whos this?）6. 疑问代词 (1). who与 what(2). which表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。1. Who is he? He is my brother. /He is Henry.2. What is he？He is a lawyer/teacher.3. Which girl do you like best? 你喜欢哪个姑娘？4. What girl do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？7. 不定代词(1)some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。(2)在期待对方回答yes
25、时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。 (3) each和every(4) other和another, the others 和others, the other 1. Smith went to some place in England.2. Mum, could you give me some money?(请求)3. Would you like some bananas?（邀请）4. Every student in our class has a dictionary.5. Each student in our class has a dictionary.6. He go
26、t two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.7. Five of the pencils are red, the others (the other pens)are yellow.8. Some are singing, others are dancing.9. This coat is too dark. Please show me another.10. Ill finish the work soon, please give me another 2 minutes.8. little和a little；few和a fe
27、w记忆法：“有（a）就是有，没有（a）就是没有”1. Hurry up, we have little time left.2. Dont worry, we still have a little time.3. He has only a few friends here.9. one 与 it一Two Evening Papers，please!0nly one copy leftWould you like to have_, sir? Aone Bit Cthis Dthat考点涉及范围：1.人称代词 2. 物主代词 3. 反身代词 4. 相互代词 5. 指示代词 6. 疑问代词 7
28、. 不定代词 8. little和a little；few和a few 9. one 与 it1.（2022上海中考真题）Your silk scarf is over there. This one is _.A. IB. meC. myD. mine2.（2022上海中考真题）Make sure _ has the textbooks when the new term starts.A. nobodyB. anybodyC. somebodyD. everybody3（2021上海中考真题）I havent brought my dictionary with me. Can I use
29、 _?AyouByourCyoursDyourself4（2020上海中考真题）Randy wrote two novels._ of them were made into films. Ive seen them.ANoneBBothCAllDNeither5（2020上海中考真题）_friend Claude from France is keen on Chinese culture.AIBMeCMyDMine6（2019上海中考真题）Emma，an actress，has become a superstar because of hard work and talent.AsheB
30、herChersDherself7（2019上海中考真题）The New Year Concert was so amazing that left in the middle of it.AeverybodyBanybodyCnobodyDsomebody8（2018上海中考真题）Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and_is noisy.AanotherBthe otherCotherDothers9（2018上海中考真题）My father is a good doctor. _works hard to help his patients
31、.AHeBHimCHisDHimself10（2017上海中考真题）)The headmaster introduced _ to the German visitors before the welcome party.AweBusCourDours11（2017上海中考真题）_ knowledge and experience are important to finish that task.AEitherBNeitherCNoneDBoth12（2016上海中考真题）The retired couple have decided to go to college. Its time f
32、or to begin a new life.AtheyBthemCtheirDtheirs13（2015上海中考真题）Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by_ ?AIBmeCmyDmyself 14（2014上海中考真题）Old Mr. Black lives happily with his three dogs. of them are part of his family.ABothBAllCNoneDNeither15（2014上海中考真题）Do you see that good-looking young man? is
33、 a famous Korean film star.AHeBHisCHimDHimself16（2013上海中考真题）My parents showed some old pictures that brought back sweet memories.AIBmeCmyDmine17（2016上海中考真题）The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and _ could be seen clearly.AanythingBsomethingCnothingDeverything18（2012上海中考真题）We have decided to
34、 try _ best to raise more money for the local charity.AusBourCweDours19（2013上海中考真题）_ is waiting for you at the gate. He wants to say thanks to you.ASomebodyBAnybodyCEverybodyDNobody20（2012上海中考真题）I cant connect my computer to the Internet. There must be _wrong with it.AsomethingBeverythingCanythingDn
35、othingA 各类代词用法及其他1（2023上上海普陀九年级校考期末）_ in my life impressed me as deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall.ASomethingBAnythingCNothingDEverything2（2023上上海普陀九年级校考期末）People are amazed to see the beautiful views on _ side of the Hangzhou Bay Bridge.AeitherBbothCneitherDall3（2023上上海徐汇九年级校联考期末）My parent
36、s are satisfied with _ progress I did in my lessons this term.AfewBa fewClittleDa little4（2023上上海徐汇九年级校联考期末）I cant understand why Peter bought so many watches but never wears _ of them.AanyBbothCanotherDothers5（2023上上海徐汇九年级校联考期末）Nowadays many people like to keep in touch with _ friends online.AtheyB
37、themCtheirDtheirs6（2023上上海奉贤九年级统考期中）The teacher told the class that only three students failed the exam, and _ all passed.AanotherBthe otherCothersDthe others7（2023上上海浦东新九年级校考期中）Ben made _ mistakes in the test. His mother wasnt satisfied with his study.AnoBa littleCfewDquite a few8（2023上上海浦东新九年级校考期中
38、）Were won the game. Now the new computer belongs to _ at last.AweBourCusDours9（2023上上海静安九年级校考期中）Fancy is an easygoing girl. She is a good friend of _.AIBmyCmeDmine10（2023上上海徐汇九年级位育中学校考期中）Some young people like to play computer games on the Internet and _ like to do online shopping.AotherBthe otherCa
39、notherDothers11（2023上上海徐汇九年级位育中学校考期中）There is only _ milk in the refrigerator, so you need to buy some.AfewBlittleCa fewDa little12（2023上上海徐汇九年级位育中学校考期中）Alice met a friend of _ on a business trip in New Zealand.AsheBherChersDherself13（2023上上海普陀九年级统考期中）Each shop has _ own way to attract customers.Ait
40、BitselfCitsDits14（2023上上海杨浦九年级统考期中）The runners are very thirsty. Well give _ some water.AtheyBthemCtheirDtheirs15（2023上上海黄浦九年级统考期中）The first two exercises are easy, but _ are rather difficult.AotherBrestCthe restDthe other16（2023上上海浦东新九年级统考期中）Have you got my e-mail today?Oh, theres _ with my compute
41、r. It doesnt work.Asomething wrongBanything wrongCnothing wrongDeverything wrong17（2023上上海浦东新九年级统考期中）The children are old enough to take care of _ instead of depending on the parents.AtheyBthemCtheirDthemselves18（2023上上海浦东新九年级统考期中）There is a basket in Grandmas one hand. Whats in her _ hand?Athe othe
42、rBotherCanotherDone19（2023上海杨浦统考三模）The doctor said there was _ wrong with me and told me not to worry any more.AsomethingBanythingCnothingDeverything20（2023上海杨浦统考三模）Amy is old enough to dress _ now. Her mother doesnt have to help her.AsheBherChersDherself21（2023上海杨浦统考二模）We knew _ about the new boss
43、except that he was just back from the USAAnothingBsomethingCanythingDeverything22（2023上海杨浦统考二模）His idea doesnt agree with _ on this subject.AIBmeCmyDmine23（2023上海浦东新统考三模）I have been to Belgium once. And _ story today is about the country.AmyselfBmeCmineDmy24（2023上海浦东新统考三模）In elementary schools, chil
44、dren study Chinese, Maths and some _ subjects.AotherBothersCanotherDthe other25（2023上海青浦统考二模）Tom is a quite careful boy and he makes _ mistakes in his homework.AfewBa fewClittleDa little26（2023上上海普陀九年级校考期末）The school uniforms in their school are usually designed by the students (they).27（2023上上海宝山九年
45、级校考期末）Tim visits his junior high school teachers every Teachers Day to express his . (thankful)28（2023上上海徐汇九年级校联考期末）Children, believe in ! I am sure you will win the football match. (you)29（2023上上海奉贤九年级统考期中）Enjoy at the party, everyone! (you)30（2023上上海浦东新九年级统考期中）My father met a friend of when he was
46、 walking in the street yesterday. (he)31（2023上海宝山统考二模）Mr Johnson is always kind to his students and he really cares about . (they)32（2023上海奉贤统考二模）Please check your ticket. You may be sitting in the wrong seat. Its . (I)33（2023上海长宁统考二模）Last night Kitty chatted with a friend of on the Internet till mi
47、dnight. (she)34（2023上海闵行统考二模）Nobody taught my grandpa how to use Wechat. He learned it all by . (he)35（2023上海宝山统考一模）Paul, a friend of , showed me some photos and talked about his travel experiences. (my)36（2023上海闵行统考一模）The soldier was sad that the wounded horse couldnt raise from the ground. (it)37（
48、2021上海模拟预测） visit to the island was a trip of a lifetime and one we thoroughly enjoyed. (us)38（2016下上海松江九年级阶段练习）During the outing, all the students enjoyed _ in the Happy Valley. (them)39（2023上海松江统考二模）The twins are similar in appearance, but characters are quite different.（they）40（2023上海静安统考二模）Do yo
49、u know which of the toy rabbits on the desk is ? (she)B 名词的数、格及词性转化1（2023上上海静安九年级校考期中）My class teacher has given me many _ on how to study. Theyre very useful.AinformationBadviceCsuggestionsDnews2（2023上海崇明统考一模）Uncle Tom keeps many _ on his farm and lives a happy life there.AcatBdogCsheepDchicken3（20
50、22上九年级单元测试）Mrs Smart gave us _ on how to learn English well.Asome advicesBsome suggestionCa piece of adviceDa piece of suggestion4（2023上上海奉贤九年级统考期中）You can find more_ about travel around Shanghai on the Internet.AtruthBinformationCfactDopinion5（2023上上海黄浦九年级统考期中）Professor Liu gave us a very useful _
51、on how to prepare for the exam.AadviceBexperienceCinformationDsuggestion6（2023上上海徐汇九年级位育中学校考期中）Miss Li suggested we should search for some _ about VR on the Internet.AinformationBtipCsuggestionDidea7（2023上海普陀统考二模）A family doctor can give people some useful medical _.AtipBnoteCadviceDmessage8（2023上海虹
52、口统考二模）Dont be afraid to ask for some _ on food ordering in a foreign country.AadviceBmethodCopinionDsuggestion9（2023上海金山统考二模）The policeman gave us much on protecting personal information last week.AadviceBideaCsuggestionDmessage10（2023上海崇明统考二模）This poster includes much _ about the small town that we
53、 will visit next week.AtipBstoryCpictureDinformation11（2023上海奉贤统考一模）It doesnt matter if you dont know how to use the new washing machines. Here is the _. You can read it before you have a try.AinstructionBdirectionCinformationDsuggestion12（2023上海静安统考一模）In our daily life, much _ is provided for us, e
54、ither through books or on the Internet.AideaBskillCmethodDinformation13（2022上江苏南京九年级南京市科利华中学校考期中）After dealing with the students problems with study, our teacher turned her _ back to work again.AmemoryBattentionCmannerDprogress14（2021上河北石家庄九年级统考期中）We will have a _ to watch the Winter Olympic in our
55、country. How exciting!AchallengeBchanceCchangeDchoice15（2022辽宁沈阳统考一模）I am here to tell you about my _ as an exchange student in the United States last year.AhistoryBdiscoveryCchanceDexperience16（2021上河北石家庄九年级校考开学考试）Edward had worked as a computer engineer for ten years. This _ helped him a lot when
56、he started his own computer shop.AchanceBexperienceChobbyDknowledge17（2018上海静安统考一模）During my stay in Germany，I gained much _ of local customs and culturesAsuggestionBideaCknowledgeDmessage18（2018上海九年级专题练习）2018年上海虹口二模You can find more_ about travel around Shanghai on the Internet.AtruthBinformationCf
57、actDopinion19（2022上河北邯郸九年级大名县第一中学校考期末）My father kept his _ to take me to the zoo although he was busy.AruleBrecordCsecretDpromise20（2023上全国九年级随堂练习）If you change the _ of the tables and the chairs, there will be more space in the office.AstyleBmaterialCpatternDposition21（2023上上海普陀九年级校考期末）A survey sho
58、ws work six hours on average on weekdays. (German)22（2023上上海宝山九年级校考期末）With the help of that famous , the bridge construction was completed on time. (engine)23（2023上上海宝山九年级校考期末）Tim visits his junior high school teachers every Teachers Day to express his . (thankful)24（2023上上海宝山九年级校考期末）After the 1,000
59、 meters race, I could hardly move my . (foot)25（2023上上海徐汇九年级校联考期末）Our new class teacher is a kind and handsome man of average . (high)26（2023上上海徐汇九年级校联考期末）As we all know, every has the duty to make our city more beautiful. (city).27（2023上上海奉贤九年级统考期中）He wanted to make a sincere to Jimmy. (apologize)2
60、8（2023上上海奉贤九年级统考期中）The film was a great during the Spring Festival. (succeed)29（2023上上海奉贤九年级统考期中）The average in the developed world uses over 155kg of paper per year. (city)30（2023上上海奉贤九年级统考期中）The government has made a to set up a new middle school in our district. (decide)31（2023上上海浦东新九年级校考期中）That
61、famous model is not very tall. She is just of average . (high)32（2023上上海浦东新九年级校考期中）On Sunday afternoon, the two met on a narrow road. (enemy)33（2023上上海静安九年级校考期中）After discussing for a whole day, they finally reached a to solve the problem. (conclude)34（2023上上海静安九年级校考期中）To tell you the , I have been
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64、d to make a of the business.（succeed）42（2023上上海浦东新九年级校联考期中）Excuse me, could you tell me the of the Great Wall? (long)43（2023上上海浦东新九年级校联考期中）It is a wise for these patients to give up smoking. (choose)44（2023上上海浦东新九年级校联考期中）It is our to take care of our pets. (responsible)45（2023上上海浦东新九年级上海市实验学校校考期中）I
65、took many during my stay in Tibet last summer. （photo）46（2023上上海浦东新九年级统考期中）The fans were sorry for the sudden of the famous singer. (die)47（2023上上海浦东新九年级统考期中）The shop has received many , so the boss is very angry. (complain)48（2023上海黄浦统考三模）I had hit my head so hard that I began to see (star).49（2023上海杨浦统考三模）Children are supposed to get 60 minutes of physical every day. (active)50（2023上海杨浦统考三模）He was really too old for childrens (toy).
