1、阅读与理解(9)词义猜测题(前后对比法)文学艺术文学艺术与人的实际生活密切相关。高考所涉及的文学与艺术话题主要包括各种文学艺术形式、文化名人与艺术家等，如2013山东卷阅读理解B篇，2013江苏卷阅读理解D篇等。美文赏析When Jane Austen(17751817)wrote her novels in England，she was writing about a world that most of us would not recognize.But today Austens books are in greater demand than ever.In the last 10
2、 years，five of her six novels have been made into Hollywood films，while her books continue to be bestsellers.So why is Austen still popular?Richard Jenkyns，a professor of English at Oxford University，argues that her novels still appeal to people because they focus on issues that are as relevant toda
3、y as they were when she wrote them.Her novels are about women trying to find a perfect husband，but also explore issues surrounding marriage，friendships and the family.“The stories are fairly timeless.They are about human interaction which we are all familiar with，”Jenkyns says.The most famous book A
4、usten wrote is Pride and Prejudice，a love story about Elizabeth Bennett and Mr Darcy.At first，these two do not get on.They eventually fall in love，but must still overcome opposition to their relationship from their families.“All of Austens books are easy to read，making them popular with children and
5、 adults，but they work on different levels，so people can take what they need from them，”author Kate Henry says.“You can choose to see the politics and feminism in them，but if you dont want to take on those issues you can turn blind eye to them，”she says.Austen is often hailed as the greatest romance
6、writer in the English language，so it is surprising she remained unmarried.“Maybe she was too much of a romantic，waiting for a perfect man，”Kate Henry says.【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了简奥斯汀的作品仍然受人欢迎的原因，同时介绍了她的作品的风格及寓意。一、阅读与积累1攻克疑难词汇issue n问题The leadership of the movement are in agreement on this issue.这一运动的领导层
7、对这个问题的看法一致。relevant adj.相关的，切题的，中肯的interaction n互动There should be a lot more interaction between the social services and local doctors.社会公益服务机构和当地医生应该加强协作。feminism n女权主义hail v赞扬，称赞The film was hailed as a masterpiece in its day.这部影片在当时被称赞为杰作。2攻克疑难句All of Austens books are easy to read，making them po
8、pular with children and adults，but they work on different levels so people can take what they need from them.结构分析本句为并列句，在第一个分句中making them popular with children and adults是现在分词短语，作结果状语；在第二个分句中what引导宾语从句。尝试翻译所有奥斯汀的小说都通俗易懂，这使得它们深受儿童和成人的欢迎，但是她写的小说内容涉及不同的水平，所以人们可以从她的小说中选择自己所需要的。二、理解与表达1把握文章的主旨脉络What is
9、the point of this article？_.答案To analyze why Jane Austens novels have such a lasting appeal.2自主尝试命题请你依据阅读理解词义猜测题型的特点，给下面试题写出干扰项，然后叫你的同桌试做一下。The underlined word“opposition”probably means_.A_ B_Cdisagreement D_参考答案AfavourBadaptationDrelation3解题技巧点拨阅读理解词义猜测题解题技法之二：前后对比法运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修
10、辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有：but/yet/however/nevertheless；while/whereas；otherwise/or else；unlike/instead/rather than；by contrast/compared to；on the contrary/on the other hand等。真 题 典 例(2012全国卷)The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital，Addis Ababa，is
11、a_replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.What do the words“a replica”in Paragraph 2 refer to?AA painting of the skeleton.BA photograph of Lucy.CA copy of the skeleton.DA written record of Lucy.答案C词义猜测题。结合画线词后面“while the real remains are usually locked in a secret sto
12、reroom”中的real，可知这个词的含义是“复制品”。A“骨骼的绘画”；B“露西的照片”；D“露西的书面记录”，均与上下文语境不符。本题是利用对比关系猜测词义。while是一个很好的信息提示词学 以 致 用A manufacturing default means the hair produced is so small that it appears invisible to the naked eye，giving the classic bald spot or receding hairline(发际线)The US team told the Journal of Clinic
13、al Investigation the fault lies with the stem cells that make new hair.It may be possible to“cure”male baldness by restoring the normal function of these cells，the experts hope.Ultimately，they hope to be able to develop a cream that could be applied to the scalp(头皮)to help the stem cells grow normal hair.The underlined word“receding”in the paragraph most probably means_.Agradually moving backwardsBgetting thicker and thickerCbecoming difficult to seeDgradually disappearing答案A词义猜测题。画线词前的单词or前后的bald spot和receding hairline意义相近，可见此处指发际线逐渐后移，也就是秃顶。A项与此意义最为相近。