1、Module 3 Literature Grammar语法精讲深化学习倒装句和强调句【情境探究】观察上面对话,完成句子。1._in the city.那个城市里矗立着一座110层的建筑。2._seafood.他很少吃海产品。3._led the way.是汤姆带的路。There stands a 110-story buildingSeldom does he eatIt was Tom that/who【要义详析】倒装:在英语中,有时为了强调或为了保持句子的平衡,把谓语的一部分或整个谓语提到主语之前,这就是倒装。强调:是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。英语常用的强调
2、结构是“It is(was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+that/who.”。.倒装句 在英语中,有时为了强调或为了保持句子的平衡,把谓语的一部分或整个谓语提到主语之前,这就是倒装。就其形式来说,分为两种:一种是把整个谓语放在主语之前,即全部倒装;另一种是把谓语的一部分,即助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,即部分倒装。*The door of the classroom opened and out rushed the children.教室的门开了,孩子们冲了出去。*Never have I heard anything like it!我从来没有听到过这样的事!一、完全倒装1.当表示方
3、位或时间的副词,如here,there,then,up,down,in,away,off,out等置于句首,且主语是名词时。*In came the teacher.老师进来了。*(2018全国卷)Out comes a“soft-serve”creamy dessert,to be eaten right away.出来的是软冰淇淋甜品,需要立即食用。2.当表示地点或方位的介词短语位于句首且主语是名词时。*In front of the house is a tall tree.房子前有棵高树。3.形容词(短语)、过去分词(短语)、现在分词(短语)或介词短语作表语位于句首时,且主语部分较长时
4、,其结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。*Present at the meeting are Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授和许多其他客人。*Hanging on the wall is a picture drawn by a 6-year-old boy.墙上挂的是一个6岁男孩画的画。【名师点津】当表示方位或时间的副词位于句首,主语是代词时,主语和谓语的位置不能颠倒。*Out she rushed.她冲了出去。【即学活用】(1)_ the eagle and _the rabbit.
5、老鹰飞下来,兔子跑了。(2)_ a musician.钢琴前坐着一位音乐家。(3)_ when people only drank water from wells.人们只能饮用井水的日子一去不复返了。Down flewaway ranIn front of the piano sitsGone are the days二、部分倒装只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面,叫部分倒装。主要有:1.否定词(短语)开头的句子要用部分倒装。表示否定的副词有never,nor,neither,表示半否定意义的副词有hardly,few,seldom,little,含有no和not的词组有by no m
6、eans(决不),at no time(在任何时候都不),in no case(在任何情况下都不),not until(直到才)。*Never have I been in this city.我从没到过这座城市。*Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.直到最近他们才鼓励在农村发展旅游相关活动。2.“only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”开头的句子要用部分倒装。*Only after talking to two students
7、 did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.只因在和两个学生交谈之后,我才发现有强烈的动机是达成目标的最大因素之一。*Only in this way can the children be kept from making the same mistakes again.这样才能有效地教育孩子,以避免今后再犯同样的错误。3.以so开头,用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物,意为“也,同样,也如此”。表示前面
8、叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物,用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”。*He studies English well;so does his sister.他英语学得很好,他妹妹也是如此。*Mary cant ride a bicycle;neither/nor can Lucy.玛丽不会骑自行车,露西也不会。注意:当表示对前句内容的肯定或进一步强调前面所说的情况,或者赞同前面的说法时,应用so+主语+助动词/情态动词。意为“的确,正是”。*Tom works hard.汤姆工作很卖力。So he does and so do you.的确如此,你也是。4.在“s
9、o/such.that.”句型中,so/such.置于句首时,主句用部分倒装。*So interesting is that story that everyone wants to read it.那个故事那么有趣,以至于大家都想读。5.在not only.but also.,no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.中,not only,no sooner,hardly/scarcely位于句首时,其后的句子要部分倒装。*(2019浙江高考)Not only did you correct the mistakes,but you also teach me
10、 tricks of studying English.你不仅纠正了错误,而且还教了我学习英语的诀窍。*Hardly had the operator pressed the button when all the machines began to work.操作人员一按电钮,所有的机器就开始运行。6.not until放于句首时,主句部分倒装。*Not until he returned did we have supper.直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。7.如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有had,should,were,可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。*If we had know
11、n her address then,we would have gone to visit her.=Had we known her address then,we would have gone to visit her.如果当时我们知道她的地址,就去看她了。8.as/though表示“虽然”引导让步状语从句时,从句中的状语、表语或谓语动词的一部分提到as/though的前面,构成倒装。*Young as/though I am,I already know what career I want to follow.我虽然还小,可是我已经知道我想要从事的职业了。*Much as/thou
12、gh I like you,I couldnt live with you.我尽管很喜欢你,却不能和你在一起生活。*Try as/though he would/might,he couldnt open the door.他试过多次了,却仍打不开那门。【名师点津】(1)only只有强调状语位于句首,句子才能用倒装。(2)though表示“虽然”引导让步状语从句时,从句可以用正常语序和倒装语序,as表示“虽然”引导让步状语从句时,只能用倒装。【巧学助记】部分倒装口诀副词开头要倒装,人称代词非如常;only修饰副介状,位于句首半倒装;否定意义副连词,位于句首须倒装;表语前置主语长,衔接自然常倒装
13、;such代词作表语,引起主谓要倒装;not only开头句,前一分句须倒装;had,were,should虚拟句,省略if半倒装。【即学活用】用倒装句改写句子。(1)Ive never heard anything so ridiculous._anything so ridiculous.(2)Ill pay you double only if you get the work finished by Friday._I pay you double.Never have I heardOnly if you get the work finished by Friday will(3)
14、Everything happened so quickly that I hadnt time to think._I hadnt time to think.(4)Although he is talented,he is not yet ready to turn professional._,he is not yet ready to turn professional.So quickly did everything happen thatTalented as/though he is.强调句1.强调句的基本构成:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。指人时可
15、用who或that,其他一律用that。*(2018天津高考)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.当车停在了我们房前时,我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座位上。*It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again.正是在战争结束后,爱因斯坦才得以重新回到研究工作中去。2.强调句的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部
16、分+that/who+句子的其他成分?*Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗?3.强调句的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子的其他成分?*Why is it that smoking is not allowed here?为什么这儿不允许吸烟?4.not.until强调句型:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他成分。*It was not until you told me yesterday that I realized all my
17、 mistakes.直到昨天你告诉我,我才意识到自己的全部错误。【名师点津】(1)被强调部分是表示人的代词或名词时,后面可以用that也可以用who。被强调部分是其他情况时一律用that。(2)判断强调句型的依据:把it+be动词以及that/who去掉后,这句话结构和句意仍然完整,即为强调句型。【即学活用】用强调句型完成句子。(1)_ the spoiled girl stopped crying.直到妈妈同意给她买她想要的,这个被宠坏的女孩才停止哭。(2)_ she suffered from a rare disease.是在我女儿上三年级时她患了一种罕见的疾病。It was not u
18、ntil Mum agreed to buy her what she wanted thatIt was when my daughter was in Grade 3 that(3)_ told her that without a proper education she could not teach?是怀特先生告诉她没有受过合适的教育她不能教学吗?(4)_ has changed the way we communicate?是什么改变了我们交流的方式?Was it Mr White that/whoWhat is it that课时检测素养达标.单句改错1.She plays th
19、e piano very well,and so do every one in the team.()2.Over rolling the dog,dead.()3.So absorbed did she in the work that she often forgot to have her meals.()4.So ugly does he that no one can approach him.()5.No sooner had they finished their homework when they ran out of the classroom.()do改为doesrol
20、ling改为rolleddid改为wasdoes改为iswhen改为than6.Is it to rain tomorrow,they would put off the meeting.()7.Much although she likes the cat,she has to give it to the neighbor.()8.It was two policemen said they had received reports of seven cases ofmurder.()9.Was it in 2016 when he took part in the Olympics?()
21、10.Why was it he felt so angry?()Is改为Werealthough改为as/thoughpolicemen后面加who/thatwhen改为thatit后面加that.按要求改写句子1.Not what you say but what you do counts.(强调黑体部分)_2.Do you know what made him so determined to resign?(强调what)_It is not what you say but what you do that counts.Do you know what it is that ma
22、de him so determined to resign?3.Not until the exam results were given out did the boy begin to regret wasting a large amount of time on computer games.(强调not until引导的从句)_4.Because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hours,you were late again.(强调黑体部分,并改写成一般疑问句)_It was not until the exam resul
23、ts were given out that the boy began toregret wasting a large amount of time on computer games.Was it because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hours that youwere late again?5.Neither aliens nor a rare disease will threaten the human race in the future,but climate change.(强调主语)_6.The Monume
24、nt to the Peoples Heroes stands at the centre of the square.(改成完全倒装)_Its neither aliens nor a rare disease that will threaten the human race inthe future,but climate change.At the centre of the square stands the Monument to the Peoples Heroes.7.He knows little about the importance of obeying the tra
25、ffic rules.(改成部分倒装)_8.His price was so unreasonable that everybody doubted it.(改成部分倒装)_Little does he know about the importance of obeying the traffic rules.So unreasonable was his price that everybody doubted it.9.Although he is a boy,he likes to be dressed as a girl.(改成部分倒装)_,he likes to be dresse
26、d as a girl.10.The boss came in,followed by his secretary.(改成完全倒装)_,followed by his secretary.Boy as/though he isIn came the boss【语法主题应用】根据要求翻译下面句子,并组成句篇。1.在操场的中心有一些足球。(用完全倒装)2.许多男生如此热爱足球以至于他们有时忘记回教室学习。(用部分倒装)3.是足球带来的那种兴奋和快乐吸引了成千上万的人们。(用强调句型)4.足球不仅可以推倒壁垒而且可以把人们联系在一起。(用部分倒装)5.在第一次世界大战爆发前,英国和德国的士兵放下他们
27、的枪一起踢足球。(用强调句型)_In the middle of the playground lie some footballs.So fond of football aremany boys that they sometimes forget to return to the classroom to study.It isthe excitement and the fun that football brings that attract millions of people.Not only can football bring down walls but also it can bring people together.It was before World War broke out that British and German soldiersput down their guns and played football together.高中全程学习方略