1、高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析专题17动词（二）3) 一般过去时 一般过去时主要表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态；过去某一段时间反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，或在上下文中隐含过去的时间；在since引导的时间状语从句中要用一般过去时。1. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene _（declare）she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. (2019全国II)【答案】declared【解析】句意：拿起她的终生
2、成就奖，自豪的艾琳宣布她还没有从她36年的生意上退休的打算。这里叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填入过去式declared。2. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. (2019全国III)【答案】recommended【解析】句意：主人给我们分享了他们的很多经历，并推荐了一些品尝美食、购物已经旅游的好地方。由并列连词and可知，该空与前面的shared构成并列谓语，故也用一般过去时。3. On the last day o
3、f our week-long stay，we _ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. (2019全国III)【答案】were invited【解析】句意：我们在那里待了一周，在最后一天，我们被邀请去参加在夏威夷北岸一个美丽的农场举办的露天私人音乐会，听艺术家们表演，会见有趣的当地人。这里作谓语，叙述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时；we和i
4、nvite之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填入一般过去时的被动语态were invited。4. I _ (voice) my biggest concern to my mother, “How will I make friends?” （2019北京）【答案】voiced【解析】句意：我向妈妈吐露了我最关心的问题：“我怎样交朋友？”该句前面和后面的句子用的都是一般过去时，所以该句也用一般过去时，故填入过去式voiced。5. One study in America found that students grades _ (improve) a little after the sch
5、ool introduced uniforms. (2019浙江)【答案】improved【解析】句意：美国的一项研究发现，学校统一校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。主句是一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时；improve作“改进，提高”讲时，可作不及物动词，故填过去式improved。6. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government_ (start) a soil-testing programwhich gives specific fertilizer recommendations
6、to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. （2018全国II）【答案】started【解析】句意：中国农业部发现，2005政府实施了一项土壤检测计划，给农民使用化肥进行精确指导，从这一年到2011年间，化肥使用量减少了七百七十万吨。有明确的过去时间2005，应用一般过去时。7. True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _ (mean) me no real harm. （2018全国III）【答案】ment【解析】句意：没有侵犯性一直是大
7、猩猩的天性，这个庞然大物对我没有真正的恶意。本句所在的段落用的都是一般过去时，所以这里也用一般过去时。mean是不规则动词，其过去式是meant。8. Steam engines _ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. （2017全国II）【答案】were used【解析】句意：蒸汽机被用来牵引车厢，由于蒸汽机放出的浓烟和发出的噪音，乘客一定很不舒服。这里说的是早期的地铁，是过去的事，用一般过去时
8、；steam engines和use是被动关系，应用被动语态，故应填入一般过去时的被动语态were used。9. Later, engineers _ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known as the tube. （2017全国II）【答案】managed【解析】句意：后来，工程师在隧道系统建筑铁路，这就是我们所熟知的地铁。这里说的是早期的地铁，是过去的事，用一般过去时。10. Sarah_(tell) that she could be Britains ne
9、w supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. （2017全国III）【答案】was told【解析】句意：莎拉被告知在新的一年她会成为英国超级模特，收入一百万美金。由宾语从句的谓语动词could be可知，应用一般过去时；Sarah和tell之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。tell是不规则动词，其过去分词是told，一般过去时的被动语态是was told。11. I _（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. （2016全国I）【答案】
10、was allowed【解析】句意：我被允许在这个六百亩大的熊猫中心接近这些可爱的动物。由上下文可知，这里叙述的是过去的一件事，应用一般过去时；I和allow之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；I是第一人称单数，主代词应用was，故填入was allowed。12. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and_ (be) too violent for use at the table. （2016全国III）【答案】were【解析】句意：孔子认为，刀子会使人想到杀戮，而且在餐桌上使用显得太暴力。believed后面是一
11、个宾语从句，and连接两个并列的谓语动词，应用一般过去时。主语是knives，be动词应用were。13. It was raining lightly when I _ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. （2015全国I）【答案】arrived【解析】句意：我在天黑前赶到了阳朔，当时天正下着毛毛雨。主句是过去进行时，所以这里说的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。arrive的过去式是arrived。14. In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Oh
12、io. It _（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. （2014全国I）【答案】was【解析】句意：1969年，俄亥俄州克利夫兰市的凯霍加河污染严重。要想把它清理干净简直无法想象。由前一句的时间状语in 1969可知，应用一般过去时。I是第一人称单数，be动词用was。15. A boy on a bike _ (catch) my attention.（2014全国II）【答案】caught【解析】句意：一个骑自行车的男孩引起了我的注意。全文叙述的是过去发生的一件事，故用一般过去时。catch是不规则动词，其过去式是caught
13、。3. 主谓一致在做时态、语态填空题时，要综合考虑时态、语态和主谓一致等方面，在确定好所用时态、语态后，还要注意主谓一致的一些基本规则，以免写错助动词和动词形式。1）一般情况下，主语是一个单数名词、不可数名词、第一人称单数代词、第三人称单数代词、动名词短语、不定式短语或是一个从句，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数名词、第一人称复数、第二人称、第三人称复数、两个或两个以上的单数名词或不可数名词、两个或两个以上的动名词短语、不定式短语或从句，谓语动词就用复数形式。例如：1. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three ar
14、e declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. (2019全国I) (six=six polar bear subpopulations，是复数)2. Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question suggests/has suggested that, for most students, it doesnt. （2019北京）(单数名词作主语)3. I love coming
15、here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. (2019全国II)（单数第一人称作主语）4. On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. (2019全国II
16、I)（第一人称复数作主语）5. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. (2019全国I)（复数名词作主语）6. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengt
17、hening life than walking, cycling or swimming. （2018全国I） (第三人称单数代词作主语)7. Since 2011, the countryhas grown more corn than rice. （2018全国II）（单数名词作主语）8. When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. （2017全国I）（两个不可数名词作主语）9. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by e
18、ating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. （2017全国I）（一个不可数名词作主语）10. Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. （2017全国II）(复数名词作主语)11. Sarahwas told that she could be
19、 Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. （2017全国III）(单数名词作主语)12. But at the moment, school comes first. （2017全国III）(单数名词作主语)13. I was allowed to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. （2016全国I）(第一人称单数代词作主语)14. Leaving the less important things until tom
20、orrow is often acceptable. （2016全国II）（动名词短语作主语）15. Yangshuo is really beautiful. （2015全国I）(单数名词作主语)16. This cycle goes day after day: （2015全国II）(单数名词作主语)17. It is unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. （2014全国I）(第三人称单数代词作主语)2）“名词+介词短语”作主语，谓语和名词的数保持一致。例如：1. The teacher together with his stude
21、nts is doing experiments in the lab. (主语是the teacher)2. The basketball coach, as well as his team, was_interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. (主语是the basketball coach)3. Mary, besides Tom, Kate and Cathy, is wiling to help me. (主语是Mary)3）指示代词this, that和不定代词one, anothe
22、r, the other, either, each, somebody, anybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing等作主语，谓语用单数。例如：1. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody has to worry about fashion (时尚). (2019浙江) （不定代词nobody作主语）1. The classroom is a place for learnin
23、g and that includes learning from textbooks and mistakes. （2018全国III）2. Nobody knows exactly how many species of plants and animals there are on Earth.3. Each of the students, working hard at his lessons, hopes to go to university.4. Everyone was calm.4) “a number of + 复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数，“the number o
24、f + 复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：1. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising steadily since 1997.2. A number of children whose parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in other cities.5)当eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与其最近的主语在人
25、称和数上保持一致。1. Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.巩固练习：1. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _ (come) on the market in 1973.【答案】came【解析】句意：这本书自19
26、73年上市被翻译成了三十多种语言。since引导的状语从句中，谓语动词要用一般过去时。come是不规则动词，其过去式是came。2. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ (rise) steadily since 1997.【答案】has risen【解析】“the number of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词要用单数；由since 1997可知，应用完成时态。3. A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith _ (fall) in
27、love with the people and culture there. 【答案】fell【解析】句意：他到中国几个月后，就爱上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived动作之后，用一般过去时。4. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _ (suggest) that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. 【答案】suggests【解析】句意：主语是the fact，that so man
28、y people still smoke in public places是定语从句，修饰the fact，不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数。5. The famous musician, as well as his students, _ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony last night.【答案】was invited 【解析】主语是The famous musician，as well as his students不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数；又由时间状语可知，应用一般过去时；主语和invite是被动关系，应用被动语态。6
29、. The three of us _ (travel) around Europe for about a month last summer.【答案】traveled【解析】句意：由时间状语last summer可知，应用一般过去时。7. After Jack had sent some emails, he _ (start) working on his project. 【答案】started【解析】句意：从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。8. The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars _ (be) onl
30、y three eighth of that on Earth.【答案】is【解析】句意：老师告诉我们，火星上的重力只有地球上的八分之三。主句虽然是一般过去时，但是宾语从句说的是客观真理，应用一般现在时。9. Every few years, the coal workers _ (have) their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had【答案】have【解析】由时间状语every few years可知，这里表示经常性的动作，故用一般现在时。10. His first novel _ (receive) good reviews since it came out last month. 【答案】has received【解析】由since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句应用现在完成时。