1、Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China张仲景，东汉末年著名医学家，被后人尊称为医圣。张仲景广泛收集医方，写出了传世巨著伤寒杂病论。现在就让我们来了解一下张仲景的有关情况吧。Zhang Zhongjing(150 219AD)was a well known doctor of traditional Chinese medicine during the Eastern Han Dynasty.His masterpiece，Treatise on ColdPathogenic and Miscellaneous
2、Diseases(伤寒杂病论)，is the oldest clinical textbook in the history of medicine.Zhang Zhongjing spent a lot of time studying from his childhood.Before the age of 10，he had read lots of medical books.His master，Zhang Bozu，was also a renowned doctor of traditional Chinese medicine at the time.After years o
3、f hard work，Zhang Zhongjing wrote all 16 volumes of Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases，which is a medical masterpiece based on his personal clinical practiceand large amounts of information he collected.This book has laid a sound foundation for future development of medicine.Once，when Zhang
4、Zhongjing travelled to Luoyang for work，he met Wang Can，one of the“Seven Scholars of Jianan”in the history of Chinese literature and found a disease hiding in his body.He then said to Wang Can，“You are sick and should be treated as early as possible，otherwise your eyebrows will fall off at the age o
5、f 40 and you will die.Now，if you start taking the medicine given by me，you will survive.”Wang Can did not believe Zhang Zhongjings words.Twenty years later，his eyebrows began to fall off slowly and after half a year，he died.It is said that when Zhang Zhongjing took office at the age of 50 in Changsh
6、a as a government official，he always kept his clinical practice in mind and tried to help people whenever he could.He set aside two days every month(the first day and the fifteenth day)to see patients.Dumplings，a traditional favorite of Chinese people，are believed to have been first used by Zhang Zh
7、ongjing in treating people suffering from frostbite and hunger.Zhang Zhongjing was not only an outstanding doctor of traditional Chinese medicine，he was also honest and kindhearted.He saved countless lives by carefully treating each patient，no matter who they were.阅读障碍词1masterpiece n代表作；杰作2clinical
8、adj.临床的3renowned adj.有名望的；著名的4practice n(医生或律师)开业；从业5frostbite n冻疮诱思导读 阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。1 Zhang Zhongjing did not like studying when he was a child.()2Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases was based on the clinical practice of Zhang Zhongjing and his master.()3Wang Can might not have died that e
9、arly if he had followed Zhang Zhongjings advice.()4Zhang Zhongjing still tried his best to help people after he took office at the age of 50.()5Zhang Zhongjing used dumplings to treat people suffering from frostbite and hunger.()【答案】15 FFTTTSection Reading(Introduction&Reading and Vocabulary)新 生 词 汇
10、 初 识.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.equal An.职位()2.importanceBn.善良()3.thinker Cn.顾问()4.kindnessDn.秩序()5.order Eadj.平等的()6.principle Fn.原则；准则()7.position Gn.思想家()8.stress Hvt.强调()9.resign Ivi.辞职()10.adviser Jn.重要；重要性【答案】15 EJGBD 610 FAHIC.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A结果 B相信 C与交战D和相似 E教育1I believe in your ability to solve the pr
11、oblem.2I bought some new shoes which are very similar to a pair I had before.3 Daisy got several of her poems published in various magazines.As a result，she became a little bit famous in their small town.4They were at war with the local Indians and came into the valley.5In my day，children were broug
12、ht up to respect the law.【答案】15 BDACE 教 材 语 篇 细 研 Philosophers(哲学家)of Ancient ChinaAncient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.Confucius(551 BC479 BC)is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.H
13、e stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society.Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2，000 years.古代中国的哲学家古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。孔子(公元前 551公元前 479)是影响最大的哲学家。他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。中国社会受这些思想影响达 2 000 多年。助读讲解 where states were often at war with each other
14、为where 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 a place。when there were many great philosophers 为 when 引导的定语从句，when 在从句中作时间状语。Mencius was a thinker whose teachings(学说)were very similar to those of Confucius.Mencius was born in 372 BC.His father died when he was young，and he was brought up by his mother.He became a student of
15、Confuciuss ideas，and was then given an important position in the government of a state.However，when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice，he resigned.For many years he travelled from state to state，teaching the principles of Confucius.He then became an adviser to another ruler.He spent
16、his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.He taught that if the government was kind，then people would be good.He believed that people were more important than rulers，and hated the
17、 state when it treated people badly.孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。孟子生于公元前 372 年，父亲在他年幼时去世，他母亲把他抚养成人。他追随孔子学说，后来在一个诸侯国的政府内身居要职。但是，当他发现统治者不采纳他的建议时，他就辞去了官职。多年来，他周游列国，传授孔子的思想。后来成为另一位统治者的谋士。他晚年写了一本介绍他思想的书，名为孟子。孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。他告诫人们，假若政府仁慈，人民就会有善行。他认为民贵君轻，憎恨对人民残暴的诸侯国。助读讲解 whose teachings.为 whose 引导的定语从句，wh
18、ose 在从句中作定语；those 为替代词，代替前面的 teachings。when引导时间状语从句，其中包含一个 that 引导的宾语从句。called TheBook of Mencius 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 a book。本句为主从复合句。that 引导宾语从句，其中包含 if 引导的条件状语从句。本句中 believed 后为 that 引导的宾语从句，hated 与 believed 是并列谓语，when 引导的是时间状语从句。Mozi was another teacher who was very influential(有影响的)Born in 476 BC，he
19、 came from a family which was very poor.He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour.Mozi founded the philosophy(哲学)called Mohism.In some ways，his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius.For example，he considered that government was most important.As a result，he spent many years trying
20、to find a state where people would follow his teachings.Mozi believed that all men were equal.His idea of love was different from the Confucianidea of kindness.Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves.He hated the idea of war.Mozi died in 39
21、0 BC.墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。他生于公元前 476 年，来自一个非常贫穷的家庭。他因不修边幅、行为怪异而出名。墨子创立了墨家学说。在某些方面，他的学说和孔子学说很相似。比如说，他认为政府很重要。结果，他花费了很多年精力想找到一个人们愿意遵从他思想的国家。墨子认为，人生来平等。他的仁爱思想与孔子不同。墨子告诫人们要博爱，要帮助弱者，他憎恨战争。墨子死于公元前 390年。助读讲解 本句中 Born in 476 BC 为形容词短语作状语，which was very poor 是 which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 a family。本句中 that 引导宾语从句，should lov
22、e 和(should)look after 为并列的谓语动词，who 引导定语从句修饰 those。第一步 速读了解文章主题和段落大意速读 P43 教材课文，选择最佳答案Whats the main idea of the passage?ATeachings of ancient Chinese thinkers.BThree great philosophers of ancient China.CInteresting stories about the three philosophers.DThe history of ancient Chinese philosophy.【答案】B
23、第二步 细读把控文章关键信息细读 P43 教材课文，选择最佳答案1What is the main idea of Confucius according to the passage?AKindness，duty and order in society are very important.BGovernments are more important than its people.CAll men are created equal.DAll men are born good.2What was the possible relationship between Confucius
24、and Mencius?ATeacher and student.BMencius was the follower of Confuciuss ideas.CThey all worked for the same state.DNothing related at all.3In which way was Mozis idea the same as that of Confucius?AMen should be kind.BMen were born equal.CGovernment should be more emphasized than its people.DPeople
25、 were more important than the government.4In Menciuss opinion，which was the most important，the government，the ruler or the people?AThe government.BThe ruler.CThe people.DNot mentioned.5What is the similarity of the three philosophers in ancient China according to the text?AThey were all born poor.BT
26、hey all wrote their own books.CThey all travelled from state to state.DTheir philosophies all influenced China for a long time.【答案】15 ABCCD第三步 研读能力升华 接轨高考根据 P43 教材课文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Ancient China was a place where states were often 1.war with each other.There were three 2.(great)philosophe
27、rs:Confucius，Mencius and Mozi.greatestatConfucius，3.was born in 551 BC and died in 479 BC，4._(stress)the importance of kindness，duty and order in society.Chinese society 5.(influence)for over 2，000 years.Menciuss teachings were similar to 6.(that)of Confucius.He believed that the reason why man is d
28、ifferent from animals is 7.man is good.whostressedwas influencedthosethatMozi was also 8.influential philosopher.Mozi believed that all men were equal.9.(differ)from Confucius，he taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are 10._(weak)than ourselves.Mozi founded Mohism.weakeranDiffering/DifferentThank you for watching!