1、Module 4 Sandstorms in AsiaGrammar语法精讲探究学习动词不定式和but+动词不定式【情境探究】观察上面对话,并合并句子:The government is planting trees.To prevent sandstorms coming nearer,the government is doing so._,the government is planting trees.To prevent sandstorms coming nearer【要义详析】一、动词不定式1.动词不定式的形式。不定式的一般式(表示不定式的动作通常与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生)t
2、o do(主动)to be done(被动)不定式的进行式(表示不定式的动作正在进行且与谓语动作同时发生)to be doing(主动)不定式的完成式(表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前)to have done(主动)to have been done(被动)*We decided to leave early.我们决定早点动身。*Im sorry to hear that.听到那事我很难过。*He seems to be saying something.他似乎在说什么。*He seems to have caught a cold.他似乎感冒了。*I should like to hav
3、e come earlier.我本想早点来的。【巧学助记】不定式有标记,to与动词连一起。没有人称数变化,动词特点它具备。主宾定状表补语,唯独作谓不可以。not 加上不定式,否定结构要牢记。疑问词与不定式,构成短语有意义。仔细推敲多思考,准确判断有依据。【即学活用】语法填空。(1)(2019天津高考)The sign on the wall of the library says,“No magazine is allowed _(take)out of the reading room”.(2)_(prevent)the disease,they would like _(do)what t
4、hey can_(help)us.(3)The meeting _(hold)tomorrow is about how _(improve)our life.(4)(2020天津高考)How could I possibly take the time _(pose)for a sculpture now?I hardly have a minute to myself.to be takenTo preventto doto helpto be heldto improveto pose2.动词不定式的语法功能。(1)作主语:当动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,把不定式后置。*To
5、see is to believe.眼见为实。*Its very important to remember this.记住这一点很重要。(2)作表语:不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或是what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。*We are to meet at the station at three.我们约定3点钟在车站见面。*Our aim is to go to a key universi
6、ty.我们的目标就是上重点大学。(3)作宾语:*Remember to post the letter.记得把信寄了。*I hope to be staying with you.我希望和你待在一起。(4)作宾语补足语:*He warned me not to touch it.他警告我不要触碰它。*What caused him to change his mind?什么使他改变主意的?(5)作定语:*It is a pleasant thing to remember.这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。*He is not a man to tell a lie.他不是个说谎的人。(6)作状语:
7、*I went to France to learn French.我到法国去学法语。(表目的)*He returned home to find his wife waiting for him.他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。(表结果)*You would make a great mistake to accept his offer.你要是接受他的建议,你就犯了大错误。(表条件)*We are proud to be members of this team.作为这个队的队员我们感到自豪。(表原因)【名师点津】(1)在“一感(feel)二听(hear,listen to)三让(let,ha
8、ve,make)五看(observe,notice,see,watch,look at)”等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to,但当以上动词用于被动语态时要带to。(2)有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如:time,way,right,chance,reason,effort,ambition,movement等。【即学活用】语法填空。(1)My father decided _(ask)me _(go)abroad for further study.(2)I went to see him,only _(find)him out.(3)It is possible _(laugh)at
9、but you can find it easy _(avoid)being laughed at.to askto goto findto be laughedto avoid3.特殊疑问词+不定式结构。疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、表语或宾语。例如:*He had no idea of how to do it.他不知道如何做此事。*When to leave has not been decided.何时离开还没有决定。【即学活用】句型转换。(1)When and where we will h
10、old the meeting is unknown._is unknown.(2)Can you tell me how I will deal with it?Can you tell me _?When and where to hold the meetinghow to deal with it二、but用于不定式结构 but作介词,意为“除了”时可以用于不定式结构。1.用于cannot but,cannot choose but,cannot help but等短语后,其不定式通常不带to。这些短语相当于have to。*I couldnt choose but speak the
11、 truth.我不能不说真话。2.当but(表示“除之外”)前有实义动词do的某种形式时,其后的不定式通常不带to。其他情况下不定式通常都要带to。*I had no choice but to wait.除了等,我没有别的选择。*He wanted nothing but to stay there.他只想留在那里。【即学活用】改错。(1)The man cant help but to give up.()(2)They had no choice but rebuild the bridge.()去掉to在but后面加to课时检测素养达标.单句语法填空1.(2019天津高考)Withou
12、t delay,I called _(thank)her.2._(learn)more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.3.(2019全国卷)He asked the children one day _(raise)their hands if they thought they could never be a president.4.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Ann
13、e Benedict went on _(thank)all the people who had helped in her career.to thankTo learnto raiseto thank5.There is something wrong with the computer.I dont know what _(do)with it.6.The bad weather is reported _(contribute)to the passenger plane crash.7.Even though we have made much progress in preven
14、ting pollution,yet much remains _(do).8.There are also employees who have no choice but _(work)remotely because their companies have decided to do away with offices altogether to have a more agile(灵活的)workforce.to doto have contributedto be doneto work9.Its silly of you _(leave)your bike outside unl
15、ocked.10.Id rather read than watch television;the programs seem _(get)worse all the time.to have leftto be getting.单句改错1.As there was no bus,he couldnt but to walk home._2.For example,when I ride my bike,my parents wont let me to ride by myself._3.Only this man was strong enough lift the heavy stone
16、._4.The question be discussed next year has something important to do with our daily life._5.The mother did what she could rescue her son,although she herself was in danger._去掉to去掉tolift前加tobe前加torescue前加 to6.They had no choice but obey the school rules._7.He preferred to surf the Internet,but his p
17、arents told him not._8.We thought impossible to finish the task in one day._9.When it comes to my study,he is very strict and will never let me to be lazy._10.His mother cant help but to feel embarrassed in front of so many people._obey前加tonot后加tothought后加it去掉me后的to去掉but后的to【语法主题应用】综合运用本模块所学语法知识翻译下面
18、语段据报道,沙尘暴很有可能过这个村庄。村民们接到提醒,关闭门窗,待在家里,非必要不外出。为了保护村民免受严重损失,救援人员被派去提供帮助。It was reported that a sandstorm was likely to hit the village.The villagers were warned to shut the doors and windows,stay indoors and not to go out unless necessary.In order to protect the villagers against severe damage,rescuers were sent to give a hand.